First of all, drawings usually have a north arrow mark. If not, it defaults to up north and down south. Pipeline construction drawings are divided into small pipe diameter drawings and pipeline engineering drawings. Small pipe drawings include location diagrams and markings. The approximate location and adjacent relationship of the pipeline, followed by a schematic diagram of the pipeline, indicating where the pipeline branches or connects, where it is laid and connected to what, what equipment and facilities are installed, depth and elevation, pipe diameter, pipe material, length, location, and Some data such as the relationship between other underground pipelines must be laid according to the drawings.

There is also a schematic diagram of the pipe fitting structure, which is a detailed illustration of the pipe fitting materials required for the designed pipeline. There is a note at the end, which describes problems and requirements that cannot be marked on the drawings in words. At the bottom are the project name, address, construction unit, designer, and review. And the drawings are stamped with approval from the relevant planning and management departments.

There are many construction drawings for large engineering pipelines. They include the name of the home page, the design unit, the designer's certificate number, followed by a catalog of drawings, followed by instructions, which also describe the project requirements.

The second schematic diagram shows the location of the entire pipeline route and the situation of the landforms and landforms. It also shows the direction of the pipeline and equipment and facilities. The schematic diagram is followed by a longitudinal and cross-sectional view, which is a drawing indicating the vertical and cross-sectional structure of the pipeline. , marking the elevation and slope of the pipeline, the burial depth, and the excavation depth. It also provides you with some data on the engineering volume, as well as the relationship and distance to cross pipelines or underground facilities.

There is a structural diagram at the back of this picture. Just like the small diameter pipe, the materials should be extracted and installed according to the structural diagram. At the end is a materials table, which serves as a reference as it is compiled with the amount of materials for the design. Many factors that cannot be foreseen in the design during specific construction will affect the project volume.

Extended information:

The sewer system consists of pipes that collect and transport urban sewage and its ancillary structures. Sewage flows from branch pipes into main pipes, then into main pipes, and finally into sewage treatment plants. The pipelines grow from small to large, and are distributed like rivers in a branch-like shape, which is completely different from the circulation situation of the water supply pipe network. Sewage generally flows from high to low in pipelines based on the water surface difference at both ends of the pipeline. The inside of the pipeline does not bear pressure, that is, it flows by gravity.

The layout of sewage branch pipes depends on the terrain and architectural characteristics of the block, and should be convenient for users to take over drainage. Three common forms:

(1) Low-side type: When the block area is small and the block sewage pipe network can adopt the centralized water outlet method, the street branch pipes are laid under the street serving the lower side of the block. It's called a low-side arrangement.

(2) Peripheral type: When the block area is large and the terrain is flat, it is advisable to lay sewage branch pipes on the streets around the block. The sewage discharge pipes of the building can be connected to the street branch pipes, which is called peripheral layout. .

(3) Through-square type: The block has been determined according to the plan, and the sewage pipe network in the block is designed according to the needs of each building to form a system, which then passes through other blocks and is connected with the sewage pipe network of the block it passes through. Connected, it is called a pass-through layout.

Taking into account the influence of geological conditions, underground structures and other obstacles on pipeline routing, pipelines, especially main pipes, should be arranged in hard and dense soil, and try to avoid or reduce pipelines crossing highlands, Bedrock shallow soil zone and poor matrix soil zone. Try to avoid or reduce intersections with rivers, valleys, railways and various underground structures to reduce construction costs, shorten the construction period and reduce difficulties in future maintenance work.

When routing pipelines, if the pipeline must pass through high ground, tunnels or lifting pumps can be used; if it must pass through areas with poor soil, different treatment measures should be taken according to the specific situation to ensure that the foundation and foundation have sufficient carrying capacity. When sewage pipes cannot avoid railways, rivers, subways or other underground structures, it is best for the pipes to pass vertically through the obstacles, and use inverted siphons, pipe bridges or other engineering facilities according to the specific circumstances.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Sewage Pipeline System