The Technical Quality Supervision Bureau can test the element content of chemical fertilizers. The Agricultural Bureau can conduct identification of fertilizers when entrusted by the court or the public security department, otherwise it will have no legal effect. A simple way to identify the authenticity of fertilizers can be summarized in five words: "look, touch, smell, burn, and wet." 1. Look: (1) Identification from the packaging: 1. Check the mark. Relevant national departments stipulate that fertilizer packaging bags must be marked with product name, nutrient content, grade, trademark, net weight, standard code, factory name, factory address, production license number and other marks; if the above marks are missing or incomplete, they may be fake. Chemical fertilizers or poor quality fertilizers. 2. Check the seal of the packaging bag. Special attention should be paid to fertilizers with obvious signs of opening on the packaging bag seal. Such fertilizers may be adulterated. (2) Identification by shape and color: Nitrogen fertilizers (except lime nitrogen) and potassium fertilizers are mostly crystalline; phosphate fertilizers are mostly lumpy or powdery amorphous, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are powdery, and superphosphate is mostly porous. , Lumpy: High-quality compound fertilizer has uniform particle size and specific gravity, smooth surface, and is not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. For example: three-element compound fertilizer (16*16*16) produced in Russia and diammonium from the United States. Fake and inferior fertilizers are just the opposite. The fertilizer particles are uneven in size, rough, high in humidity, and easy to clump. Different fertilizers have their own unique colors. Nitrogen fertilizers, except lime nitrogen, are almost all white, and some are slightly yellowish brown or light blue (except those with other ingredients added); potash fertilizers are white or slightly red, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which is white; Phosphate fertilizers are mostly dark gray, such as superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are gray, diammonium phosphate is brown, etc. Farmers can make a rough distinction based on this. 2. Touch: Put the fertilizer in the palm of your hand, hold it firmly or press and turn it, and judge the fertilizer according to the feel. Using this method, it is more effective to identify American diammonium. Grab a handful of fertilizer and hold it firmly several times. If it feels "oily and wet", it is genuine, while if it is dry as before, it is likely to be a fake compound fertilizer. In addition, phosphate fertilizers pretending to be fly ash can also be easily judged by their "feel". 3. Smell: Simply judge by the special smell of fertilizer. For example, ammonium bicarbonate has a strong ammonia smell; ammonium sulfate has a slightly sour smell; superphosphate has a sour smell. The smell of fake and inferior fertilizers is not obvious. If superphosphate has a pungent and strange sour smell, it means that waste sulfuric acid is likely used in the production process. This inferior chemical fertilizer is very toxic and can easily damage or burn crops. 4. Burning: Heating or burning the fertilizer sample, and identifying the fertilizer from the flame color, melting condition, smoke smell, residue condition, etc. (1) Nitrogen fertilizer ammonium bicarbonate, which decomposes directly and produces a large amount of white smoke with a strong ammonia smell and no residue; ammonium chloride, which directly decomposes or sublimates to produce a large amount of white smoke with a strong ammonia and sour smell and no residue. ; Urea, which can melt quickly, emit white smoke, and can burn when thrown into a charcoal fire, or when a glass piece is exposed to white smoke, a layer of white crystals can be seen on the glass piece; ammonium nitrate, does not burn but melts and appears to boil. , emitting ammonia-smelling smoke. (2) Phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and phosphate rock powder will not change on red charcoal; bone meal will quickly turn black and give off a burnt smell. (3) Potash fertilizers such as potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, etc. have no change on red charcoal and make a crackling sound. (4) Compound fertilizer The combustion of compound fertilizer is closely related to its raw materials. When the raw materials contain ammonia nitrogen or amide nitrogen, a strong ammonia smell will be released and a large amount of residue will be left. 5. Identification method of adding water to dissolve: Take 1 gram of chemical fertilizer, put it in a clean glass tube (or glass cup, white porcelain bowl), add 10 mg of distilled water (or clean cold boiled water), shake it thoroughly to see how it dissolves. What is completely dissolved is nitrogen fertilizer or potassium fertilizer. What is soluble in water but has residue is superphosphate; what is soluble in water with no residue or little residue is heavy superphosphate; what is soluble in water but has a strong ammonia smell is ammonium bicarbonate. ; Lime nitrogen is insoluble in water, but produces bubbles and smells like calcium carbide chlorine. (Qualitative laboratory identification: When identifying superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, take out a small amount of the two fertilizers, dissolve them in a small amount of distilled water, and use pH test paper to identify them. The acidic one is superphosphate, and the neutral one is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. .

When identifying potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, you can add 5 barium chloride solution, the white precipitate is potassium sulfate; when adding 1 silver nitrate, the white floc is potassium chloride) Finally, it should be reminded that although some fertilizers It is true, but the content is very low. For example, superphosphate, if the available phosphorus content is less than 8 (the minimum standard should be 12), it is an inferior chemical fertilizer and has little effect on crops. If you encounter such a situation, you can collect some samples (about 500 grams) and send them to the relevant local agriculture, chemical industry or standard departments for identification. Simple identification of true and false fertilizers. Identification of true and false compound fertilizers. Look at the clear writing on the packaging of high-quality compound fertilizers. It has a registered trademark and indicates the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Most of the fertilizers in the bag are red particles, and a few are white. The particles are uniform, with less powder and no large lumps. Fake and inferior compound fertilizers have poor granularity, are mostly in powder form, and are gray or black in color. Compound fertilizers are mostly in the form of red granules, and a few are in the form of white granules due to the use of white potassium chloride as raw material. Particles of size 1--4 mm account for more than 90%. Counterfeit compound fertilizers have poor granularity and are mostly in the form of powder, gray or black in color. Rub a small amount of compound fertilizer with your hands and rub it on your palms. A layer of white powder will remain on your hands, accompanied by a sticky feeling. If the particles are broken, Visible fine white crystals are high-quality compound fertilizers. Inferior compound fertilizers are mostly black powder with no sticky feeling and no white crystals in the particles. Third burning: Burn the compound fertilizer on red-hot charcoal or a burning cigarette end. It will melt immediately and become foamy and boiling. At the same time, ammonia gas will be released and a purple flame will appear. The stronger the ammonia smell and the longer the purple flame, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. Fake and inferior compound fertilizers do not melt or melt very little. Four-soluble compound fertilizer has good solubility. Put a few grains of compound fertilizer into a container, add a small amount of water, stir quickly, and the grains will dissolve quickly. The faster it dissolves, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. Fake and inferior compound fertilizers have poor solubility and will not dissolve or dissolve a little after being stirred in water, leaving a large amount of rough and hard residue. Things to note when purchasing chemical fertilizers: First, farmers are reminded to first choose products from formal enterprises when purchasing fertilizers, and to purchase them at the sales offices of formal enterprises or legal distribution units. Second, when purchasing chemical fertilizers, check the fertilizer packaging label, pay special attention to check whether there is a production license, product standard number, agricultural registration certificate number, product quality certificate or certificate of conformity, as well as the production date and batch number, producer or The name and address of the dealer, and the product must have an instruction manual. Third, fertilizer product labels must be clear and standardized, and false or exaggerated words are not allowed, such as "Fat King", "Full Elements", etc. The fertilizer products you choose should have uniform particles and no agglomeration in appearance, and do not buy bulk products. Fourth, when purchasing fertilizers, you must ask for a receipt (invoice) and a credit card. After fertilizer application, keep the fertilizer packaging so that it can be used as evidence and a basis for claims in the event of disputes. . Fifth, fertilizer manufacturers’ product prices will vary within a certain range based on raw material prices and production costs. Generally, the price of compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 25% is 1,000 yuan/ton to 1,100 yuan/ton; the total nutrient content is 30 % compound fertilizer, the price ranges from 1,100 yuan/ton to 1,150 yuan/ton; the price of compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 45% ranges from 1,700 yuan/ton to 1,800 yuan/ton; on average, for each additional nutrient content, the price increases by 30 yuan ~40 yuan. When farmers purchase chemical fertilizers, they should not be greedy for cheap and buy fertilizers that are too low-priced. Reasonable fertilization of corn Corn fertilization should be based on soil fertility and the quantity and proportion of various nutrients required for the theoretical yield of the variety, and soil testing and formula fertilization should be carried out. 1. Use agricultural fertilizers rationally, using 20-30 cubic meters of agricultural fertilizer per hectare, which can increase corn production by 450-600 kilograms per hectare. 2. Use chemical fertilizers scientifically. Adopting a reasonable combination of N, P and K can increase production by 750-2000 kilograms. On plots with medium fertility, apply 135-160 kg of pure N, 75 kg of pure P, and 100 kg of pure K per hectare (equivalent to 6-7 bags of urea, 3 bags of diammonium, 2 bags of potassium sulfate plus 10 kg of zinc sulfate; Or 6 bags of three-element compound fertilizer containing 15% each of N, P, and K, 1 bag of diammonium, 5 bags of urea plus 10 kg of zinc sulfate). 3. Fertilization technology. Scientific fertilization technology is to apply chemical fertilizers in stages and at the right time. 1. Phosphate fertilizer. 2/3 is used as base fertilizer (2 bags of diammonium), and 1/3 is used as oral fertilizer (1 bag of diammonium).

2. Nitrogen fertilizer. Base fertilizer, 2 bags of diammonium and 2 bags of urea. Top dressing is carried out at the jointing stage. For medium-mature varieties, the total number of leaves is 17-19. When 30 leaves are fully expanded (5 expanded leaves and 10 visible leaves), use 3-4 bags of urea per hectare. 3. Potassium fertilizer. 2/3 is used as base fertilizer and 1/3 is used as top dressing. 4. Zinc fertilizer. All as base fertilizer. 5. Top dressing. To apply it deeply, it is advisable to leave it 10-20cm away from the corn plant. It is usually topdressed in the furrow and covered with about 10cm of soil.

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