What does fake wine taste like?

Alcohol identification

1. Key points of sensory identification of wine

When sensory identification of the authenticity and quality of wine, the main focus should be on the wine. Determination and evaluation of color, odor and taste. For bottled wine, attention should also be paid to identifying its outer packaging and registered trademarks. When visually inspecting the color of wine, you should first observe its transparency against the light, turn the bottle upside down, and check whether there are any impurities sinking or suspended solids in the wine, and then pour it into a beaker to observe its color against a white background. When conducting a sensory inspection of beer, you should first notice whether there is any change in the color of the beer. Losing beer often means a negative change in quality. If necessary, you should compare it with a standard iodine solution to observe the color depth. Open the bottle and pour it into the cup. When filling, pay attention to the density of the foam and the hanging time. The smell and taste of wine are key indicators for evaluating the quality of wine. This inspection and evaluation should be carried out at room temperature and should be carried out immediately after opening the bottle and pouring it into the cup.

2. Classification of wine varieties

There are many types of wine, and there are generally four classification methods.

(1) According to production characteristics

① Distilled wine: After the raw materials are fermented, the wine made by distillation is called distilled wine. This type of wine contains very little other solid matter. High alcohol content and strong irritation, such as liquor, brandy, etc.

② Fermented raw wine (or pressed wine): The wine is obtained by directly extracting the raw materials after fermentation and pressing. This type of wine has a lower alcohol content, more solid content, and less irritation, such as rice wine, beer, fruit wine, etc.

③Prepared wine: prepared with liquor or edible alcohol and a certain proportion of sugar, spices, medicinal materials, etc. This type of wine contains different sugars, pigments, solids and alcohol content due to different varieties, such as orange wine, bamboo leaf green, five eggplant peels and various exposed wines and medicinal wines.

(2) Classified by alcohol content

①High-alcohol wine; those with alcohol content above 40° are high-alcohol wine. Such as liquor, koji wine, etc.

② Medium-strength wines are those with alcohol content between 20° and 40°. Like most blended wines.

③Low-alcohol wine: Those with an alcohol content below 20° are low-alcohol wine, such as rice wine, beer, fruit wine, wine, etc. They are generally original wines, and the nutrients are retained in the wine.

(3) According to production raw materials

① Grain wine: wine brewed from grains such as sorghum, corn, barley, wheat and rice.

②Non-grain wine: wine made from starch-containing wild plants or fruits.

(4) Classification according to the flavor characteristics of wine

In commercial operations, our country customarily divides wine into liquor, rice wine, beer, and fruit wine based on the flavor characteristics of various wines. and five categories of prepared wines.

3. Naming of wine varieties

There are many varieties of wine in my country, with thousands of varieties. The naming methods can be summarized as follows.

(1) Named after raw materials

For example, Wuliangye, Sanliang wine, sorghum wine, potato wine, apple wine, orange wine, green plum wine, red fruit wine, wine, etc.

(2) Named after the place of origin

For example, Maotai liquor, Dong liquor, Fen liquor, Yanghe Daqu, Beijing Tequ, Shaoxing liquor, Jimo liquor.

(3) Named after the qu liquor

For example, Daqu liquor, Xiaoqu liquor, Chenqu liquor, Liuqu liquor, etc.

(4) Named after special processes

For example, Laojiao wine, rice wine, sinking wine, sealing wine, etc.

(5) Named by color

Such as red wine, white wine, Jiangyin black wine, bamboo leaf green, yellow beer, dark beer, and old white wine.

(6) Named after sweetness, such as Danyang’s sweet yellow rice wine, Sandong honey wine, etc.

(7) Use compound names such as Luzhou Laojiao Tequ Liquor, Guilin Sanhua Liquor, Tongzhou Laojiao, etc.

(8) Named after adding medicines or spices, such as clove wine.

4. Basic method of sensory identification of liquor

Liquor is also called distilled liquor. It is made from substances rich in starch or sugar components, added with yeast and other auxiliary materials. A colorless, transparent, high-alcohol beverage made through saccharification, fermentation and distillation.

People attach great importance to the aroma and taste of liquor when drinking. At present, the quality evaluation of liquor is mainly based on sensory indicators, that is, it is identified from three aspects: color, aroma and taste.

(1) Identification of color and transparency

The normal color of liquor should be a colorless and transparent liquid without suspended matter or sediment. Pour the white wine into the cup, and there should be no ring-shaped insoluble matter on the wall of the cup. Turn the wine bottle upside down and observe the wine body in the light. There should be no suspended solids, turbidity or sedimentation. In winter, if there is precipitation in the liquor, you can use a water bath to heat it to 30-40°C. If the precipitation disappears, it is normal.

(2) Aroma identification

When conducting sensory identification of the aroma of liquor, it is best to use a glass with a large belly and a small mouth. Pour the liquor into the cup, shake it slightly, and use it immediately. Put your nose near the mouth of the cup to smell the aroma carefully. Or pour a few drops of wine on your palms, rub it a few times, and then smell your palms to identify whether the intensity and type of aroma are normal. The aroma of liquor can be divided into:

Overflowing aroma - the aroma or aromatic components of the wine overflow in the air near the mouth of the cup, and the concentration and characteristics of the aroma can be directly identified by the sense of smell.

Fragrance - when the wine is drunk, the aroma fills the mouth.

Fragrance retention-the wine has been swallowed, but the aroma of the wine still remains in the mouth.

Generally speaking, liquor should have a certain overflowing aroma, but rarely have a fragrant or lingering aroma. Among the famous wines, Wuliangye is famous for its fragrance; while Moutai is famous for its lasting fragrance. Liquor should not have any peculiar smell, such as burnt smell, rancid smell, earthy smell, sugary smell, lees smell and other bad smells.

(3) Taste identification

The taste of liquor should be thick, light, soft, spicy, pure and evil. After the wine is swallowed, it will taste sweet and bitter. Spicy. The evaluation of the taste of liquor is that it is mellow, has no peculiar smell, and has no strong irritation. When identifying the taste of liquor with your senses, you should taste the liquor carefully on your tongue and throat to identify the mellowness of the liquor and the quality of the taste.

(4) Alcohol content identification

The alcohol content of liquor is calculated as the percentage of alcohol content. All kinds of liquor are marked with alcohol content on the factory labels. For example, 60’ means that the alcohol content of the liquor is 60%.

The general characteristics of liquor are clear and transparent liquor, pure texture, rich aroma, long aftertaste and endless aftertaste.

Factors affecting the quality of liquor:

(1) Discoloration of liquor: Use unwaxed iron buckets to hold acidic liquor, and the iron bucket walls are easily oxidized and Reduced to compounds with high iron ions or low iron ions, causing the wine to turn yellowish brown. Using zinc-containing aluminum barrels will also cause oxidation with the acids in the wine to generate zinc oxide, making the wine milky white.

(2) Taste change of liquor: Using cast iron (pig iron) containers to hold liquor will cause the liquor to produce a sulfur aroma. Using wine bean that has been painted with rotten blood to hold wine will produce a bloody stench. Some use new wine boxes to pack wine during the flow and transportation process, which can also cause odor pollution and make the wine have a bitter taste of wood.

Whether the liquor has changed color or taste, the reason should be found out. After special treatment, the liquor can be restored to its original quality and can continue to be drunk. Otherwise, it will not be suitable for drinking or can only be used for other purposes.

5. Identify the registered trademarks of famous liquor

For consumers, it is impossible to open the bottle and check its quality when buying bottled liquor in a store. They can only identify it by its appearance. True or false, good or bad, this makes it of special significance to master the knowledge of registered trademarks of liquor, especially the registered trademarks of some famous and high-quality liquors. The following is just a brief introduction to the trademarks of famous and high-quality products registered by well-known domestic liquor manufacturers.

The registered trademarks of China Moutai Distillery are Kweichow, Kweichow Moutai, and Maopai.

The registered trademarks of Shanxi Xinghuacun Winery are Gujingting brand, Fen brand, Zhuyeqing brand, Baiyu brand, Xinghuacun brand, Xingpai, Xinghuaxian brand and Beifang brand.

The registered trademarks of Sichuan Yibin Wuliangye Distillery are Wuliangye brand, Jiaobei brand, Cuipingchun brand, Jianzhuang brand and Yishen brand.

The registered trademarks of Jiangsu Yanghe Winery are Yanghe, Yanghe, Dunhuang and Meirenquan.

The registered trademarks of Sichuan Mianzhu Jiannanchun Winery are Jiannanchun brand, Mianzhu brand, Chunsha brand, Jiannong brand and Jiangong brand.

The registered trademarks of Anhui Haozhou Gujing Distillery are Gujing brand and Gujing Gong brand.

Guizhou Zunyi Dong Winery registered the Dong brand trademark.

The registered trademarks of Shaanxi Xifeng Distillery are Xifeng brand, Phoenix brand, Feng brand and Liulinchun brand.

Sichuan Huzhou Qu Distillery has registered the Huzhou brand trademark.

The registered trademarks of Chengdu Distillery in Sichuan are Quanxing, Qingyang and Huanhua.

Jiangsu Shuanggou Winery has registered the Shuanggou and Shanhe trademarks.

The registered trademarks of Hubei Wuhan Distillery are Huanghelou, Heli and Qingchuan.

Lang Distillery in Guchi County, Sichuan has registered the Langpai trademark.

6. Identify the authenticity of Kweichow Moutai

Moutai is a famous Chinese liquor and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Moutai Distillery was founded in 1704 in Moutai Town, Renbei County, Guizhou Province.

The method of sensory identification of the authenticity of Moutai liquor is as follows:

(1) Manufacturer identification

Moutai Distillery does not jointly operate with any other manufacturers, nor does it Its trademark licensing rights are shared with any manufacturer, and it has never established a first factory, a second factory, or a branch factory. Any "Moutai" marked as being produced by an associated factory, the first factory, the second factory, or a branch factory is absolutely certain to be fake.

(2) Registered trademark identification

The entire bottle of Moutai is affixed with the registered trademark "Kweichow Moutai", which is printed on imported 100g stencil paper and is used for 500ml bottles. The size of the trademark paper is 90 mm x 125 mm. The pattern of the domestic wine trademark is divided into three parts: in the middle is a 60 mm wide white diagonal strip from the upper right to the lower left, with two thin black lines and four thick black lines at the top and bottom respectively, and the five red "Kweichow Moutai" The words are sandwiched in the middle. There is a 13 mm wide gold strip at the junction of the diagonal belt and the upper left corner, with four black characters "Famous at home and abroad" on the strip. In the upper left corner is a red color block, with a white circle with a diameter of 35 mm and a gold edge in the middle. Inside the circle are circular wheat ears, golden gears and red five-pointed star patterns from top to bottom. There is a thin gold line where the diagonal strip meets the lower right corner. On the red color block in the lower right corner, there are eight white words "Produced by China Moutai Distillery", and under the white words there are black words "53% VOL, 500mL" indicating the alcohol content and capacity. The specifications stated on the back of the bottle are 65 mm x 85 mm and are edged in red. There is a 10 mm wide white border around the edge. The date of manufacture is in blue Arabic numerals. The trademark is beautifully printed, with accurate colors and even trimming.

The trademark and back sticker of the fake "Maotai" are printed on ordinary paper. The trademark specification is 100 mm × 140 mm, and the back sticker specification is 133 mm × 85 mm. The color matching of various patterns is confusing, the layers are unclear, the colors are light, and the specifications are inconsistent. The fonts used are also obviously different from the real trademarks. The factory date is written in red or other colors.

(3) Identification of packaging materials

The bottle of Moutai is a milky white glass bottle with a big red threaded twist-off anti-theft aluminum cap and the words "Kweichow Moutai" on the top. It is written in white, and there is no inner stopper in the mouth of the bottle. The whole bottle of wine is wrapped with a piece of high-quality square leather paper and packed in a color box: the outer packaging color box is made of imported white paper plus fine corrugation. The font and color on the box are consistent with the trademark and back sticker.

Fake "Maotai" bottles are sealed with red plastic caps of different shades, some are transparent without words, and some have fake "Maotai" characters. The bottle caps are either white or red. The lids also have different wall patterns, including yellow twist-off aluminum caps, and plastic lids with twist-off yellow aluminum caps. There are several types of inner plugs: spiral type, waistline type, flat top type, etc. The outer packaging box is made of unqualified and low-quality leather paper or other materials.

(4) Identification of sensory characteristics

Moutai is made from wheat, fermented eight times, and stored for two to three years before leaving the factory. Its unique sensory indicators are that the wine is colorless and transparent, with a mellow and sweet aroma when drinking, no suspended solids and sedimentation, a prominent aroma, elegant and delicate, a mellow body, a long aftertaste, and a long-lasting aroma in the empty cup. Fake "Maotai" is mostly counterfeited with sorghum wine, Baigan wine, prepared wine, etc. It is difficult to have the color, aroma and taste characteristics of Maotai wine.

7. Identify the authenticity of Sichuan Wuliangye

Wuliangye liquor is produced in Yibin City, Sichuan Province. It is called "Wuliangye" because it uses sorghum, corn, glutinous rice, japonica rice and wheat as raw materials. .

The method of sensory identification of the authenticity of Wuliangye wine is as follows:

(1) Trademark identification

The real registered trademark is the "Wuliangye" brand, with the eye-catching " The three characters "Wuliangye" are used as a special mark. The bottom of the trademark pattern is set off with yellow ears of grain, and the whole part above the ears is covered with red. The three characters "Wuliangye" are slightly raised with the pattern of ears of grain, and the date of production is printed on the back of the trademark, which can be seen through the wine. You can see it clearly with the bottle body.

The trademarks of fake "Wuliangye" include "555" brand, "Jingong" brand, "Dongsheng" brand, "Baiyunshan" brand, "Cuizhu" brand, etc., with confusing origins, trademark colors and fonts Also varied. There are also imitations of the decoration design of real Wuliangye, but most fake wines have poorly printed trademarks or no registered trademarks at all.

(2) Bottle type identification

There are two types of bottles for real wine: drum type (also called radish bottle) and wheat ear type. The bottles are made of exquisite materials and finely made. The bottom of the bottle is round with regular protruding stripes around it. The bottles of fake "Wuliangye" come in various shapes, including square, cylindrical, and irregular shaped bottles.

(3) Liquor quality identification

The real wine is clear and transparent, with "long-lasting aroma", mellow taste, sweet entrance, refreshing throat, harmonious flavor, and just the right amount. Unique style, especially famous for its fragrance. The body of fake wine is turbid, and some are even made from alcohol mixed with water. The alcohol smells pungent when you smell it, irritates your throat when you drink it, and has a distinct bitter taste.

(4) Bottle cap identification

The bottle cap and the inner cap of real wine are separated. If you can see that the bottle cap and the inner cap are connected as one from the bottom of the bottle, it is a fake. liquor.

8. Identify the authenticity of Luzhou Laojiao Tequ Liquor

Luzhou, Sichuan is the birthplace of my country's strong-flavor liquor. Luzhou Laojiao Tequ Liquor is produced in Luzhou Qu Liquor Factory. This factory has many old cellars that are over a hundred years old. After fermentation in these cellars, the wine produced has a particularly rich aroma.

The method of sensory identification of the authenticity of Luzhou Laojiao Tequ wine is as follows:

(1) Manufacturer identification

When purchasing, you should look for the genuine wine The trademark has the words "China Sichuan Luzhou Qu Winery" or "Sichuan Province Luzhou Qu Winery", while the exported wine has the words "China Sichuan Luzhou Qu Winery" without the name of the branch. In order to make the fake wine look like the real one, fake wines are often labeled with factory names that sound the same as real wines, such as "Luzhou Laojiao Qu Winery" and "Luzhou Qu Winery × Branch". wait.

(2) Trademark identification

Real wine has a registered trademark on the whole bottle. There are four small characters "Luzhou Laojiao" and three large characters "Tequ Liquor" in the middle. There is also a small round trademark made of wheat ears, with the word "Luzhou" in the circle. The trademark pattern, color, and even the font and bottle shape affixed to the fake wine bottles are similar to the real ones, but there are differences in the registered trademark "Huzhou Brand". Generally speaking, people do not dare to use the "Luzhou Brand" trademark falsely. Instead, use a different font size.

(3)Seal identification

Real wine has the words "Luzhou Qu Winery" printed on the sealing sleeve of the bottle cap. The metal anti-theft cover is printed with the words "China Sichuan Huzhou Qu Distillery Special Qu, Touqu". Fake wine does not have a sealing sleeve. This method can be used to identify fake wine even if it is packaged in a real bottle. It can also be distinguished based on the newness of the trademark.

(4) Taste identification

Real wine has the four characteristics of "rich, mellow, sweet and aftertaste". After opening the bottle and removing the cork, the fragrance is elegant and elegant. Swallow it gently and slowly, and the flavor is endless. The lingering fragrance after drinking is long-lasting. The aftertaste of burping and choking is still there. Even if you drink too much, you will not get drunk, especially if you have a lingering aftertaste after drinking. The special fruit aroma makes people feel happy. Most of the fake wines are low-quality wines, which are cloudy and sedimentary, and their taste cannot be compared with real wines at all.

9. Identify the authenticity of Anhui Gujing tribute wine

Gujing tribute wine is produced in the Gujing Distillery in Haozhou, Anhui. It was listed as a tribute during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, hence its name. This wine is as clear as crystal, fragrant as orchids, sweet and mellow in the mouth, and has a long-lasting aftertaste.

The method of sensory identification of the authenticity of Gujing tribute wine is as follows:

(1) Identification of outer packaging and bottle label

The bottle label of genuine wine must be fully registered The trademark used is the registered trademark "Gujinggong". The registered trademark pattern is circular, with a locust tree on the left, an ancient well under the tree on the right, and blue sky and white clouds on the top. The circumference is a double circle surrounded by gold, with the words "Registered Trademark" on both sides. The label on the bottle has the four-character official script "Gujing Gongjiu" written in red gold on a white background.

The name of the factory is printed in white square characters on a red background. The domestic seller is "Anhui Haozhou Gujing Winery" and the exporter is "China Cereals, Oils and Food Import and Export Corporation (Anhui)". The production date, batch size and inspection certificate are printed on the back of the bottle sticker.

The circular patterns on the fake wine bottles are similar to the real ones, but they are not registered and use different company names. The production date and batch size in the wine box are inconsistent, and the packing list is missing.

(2) Seal identification

The seal of real wine is a yellow lead fracture cover, which is smooth and round, with the ancient well pattern and the words "registered trademark" printed on it. Counterfeit wines are also bottled in real wine bottles, but the caps are usually broken and the seals are not round.

(3) Wine quality identification

Real wine has the characteristics of clear and transparent color, no overflowing when the cup is full, rich cellar aroma, sweet and refreshing, while fake wine is turbid. , there are floating impurities, the taste is spicy and bitter, and some also contain large amounts of lead, methanol and other substances, which are harmful to human health.

10. Identify the authenticity of Guizhou Dongjiu

Dongjiu is produced in Dongjiu Factory, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. The factory is located at Donggong Temple in the northern suburbs. It is named after the wine was created here. Dong Liquor belongs to other Daqu-flavor liquors. It has the rich aroma of Daqu Liquor, the softness, mellowness and sweetness of Xiaoqu Liquor, as well as the elegant medicinal aroma and refreshing slightly sour taste. The wine is full-bodied and harmonious, with alcohol content of 58° and 60°. The wine is characterized by clear and transparent liquid, elegant and comfortable aroma, mellow and rich entrance, and long sweet taste after drinking.

The following methods can be used to sensory identify the authenticity of Guizhou Dongjiu:

(1) Trademark and packaging identification

The genuine Dongjiu trademark is a registered set of full bottle stickers Two, one big and one small. The large trademark is approximately locust-shaped, edged with black. Most of the upper part is on a white background. There are two gold characters "Dongjiu" in cursive script in the middle. The upper right corner is the Chinese pinyin of "Guizhou Dongjiu", and there is a golden gear pattern framed below the pinyin. The word "Excellent" is stamped in red on the lower left side of the white background with the words "Chinese Famous Wine". One-fifth of the bottom of the bottle sticker (i.e., the peach-shaped paper tip) is orange, and the company name and Chinese pinyin are printed in black imitation Song Dynasty. . The neck label is half orange and half white, in the shape of a long strip with black edges at the top and bottom. The orange upper half is printed with the pinyin letters of "Guizhou Dongjiu", and the white lower half is printed with "China". There are four characters for "Famous Wine", with the character "Dong" surrounded by a golden circle in the middle, in golden official script. The sealing of this wine has been changed to metal anti-theft caps starting from August 1987.

The counterfeit "Dongjiu" trademark is fake, the paper and printing quality are poor, the color is inaccurate, and there is no orange color. The word "Dong" on the neck label, the word "Dong Jiu" on the bottle sticker, the word "You" and the gear pattern are not arched and gilded, and the color of the words is not gold but yellow. The font is obviously different from the real wine, and the stroke thickness is uneven. Although some fake trademarks are stamped with arches and hot stamping, the words are not raised. The wine bottles are also fake. Counterfeit wines often use bottles similar to Dong wine or recycled Dong wine bottles, which are resealed and glued, and then affixed with forged product labels.

(2) Wine quality identification

The characteristics of Zhendong wine are as mentioned above, and it is of high quality. The fake "Dong wine" is mostly impurity wine, with a rough taste, and some are even made with water, so it is impossible to have the aroma of real wine.

11. Identify the authenticity of Shanxi Fenjiu

Fenjiu is produced in the Fenjiu Factory in Xinghua Village, Shanxi Province, and is one of the ancient famous wines in my country. In the long history of wine culture, Fenjiu has formed its own unique style, that is, the wine is clear, crystal clear, pure in fragrance, soft and refreshing, sweet aftertaste, soft in the mouth, sweet in the mouth, and has a lingering fragrance after drinking, with color, It is famous for its "three unique qualities" of fragrance and taste. At present, Fen Distillery has produced a series of products with 65°, 60°, 53° and 48°.

Methods for sensory identification of authenticity of Shanxi Fenjiu:

(1) Trademark identification

The registered trademarks of Fenjiu are "Fen" brand and "Gujingting" brand . The registered trademark "Fen" is a circle with the word "fen" in cursive script inside. The word "fen" is golden and translucent, with no contact with the surrounding circle. The English letters on both sides of the trademark are clear. The "Gujing Pavilion" trademark consists of the front pattern of Gujing Pavilion and the three characters "Gujing Pavilion". In addition to the two raised black corners on the top of the pavilion in the picture, there are 16 vertical black lines, representing the width of the pavilion tiles. The width and width should be evenly spaced, and the gold lines drawn should be clear. Under the eaves of the pavilion, there are three gold characters "Gujing Pavilion" on the flat forehead with a black background. The patterns of "Fenjiu" and Gujing Pavilion are all relief printing, with exquisite printing, bright colors and neat edges.

The two sides of the registered trademark are decorated with the first-class medal of the 1915 Panama Games and the gold medal of the 1963 National Drinks Competition with an outer diameter of 15 mm. The word "book" in the "registered trademark" is intentionally written as "Peng".

The surface of the fake "Fenjiu" characters is dull and in contact with the circle. The two medals have rough printing patterns and the handwriting is generally blurry and dull. There are not 16 black lines on the top of the pavilion. The "ancient well" under the eaves of the pavilion is The word "Ting" is difficult to see clearly, and the writing of the word "Book" on the registered trademark is different from that of the genuine product.

(2) Neck label identification

The neck label of Fenjiu wine is neat and clear. The neck labels of fake "Fenjiu" wines are printed roughly, and some mistakenly write the word "wine" instead of the word "sa". The handwriting on the ceramic neck labels is unclear, and the red color bleeds into each other seriously.

(3) Bottle cap identification

The caps of Fenjiu in glass bottles are made of imported aluminum. The threaded anti-theft caps are printed with the Gujing Pavilion pattern, which is neat and clear and additionally decorated to prevent theft. The lid is yellow and printed with poems from Xinghua Village and Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty, and is equipped with a sealing label with the words "Fenjiu". The inner wall of the bottle cap is silver-white, with a flexible white hard plastic pad on the inside, and the seal is neat. There is a red arrow on the thread on the outer wall of the bottle cap to indicate the opening direction, and there is the word "open" in English. Fenjiu is bottled in Pipa-shaped porcelain bottles, which are sealed with plastic lids and rubber caps, plus a sealing strip with the words "Chinese Famous Wine"; the bottle has colorful pictures of Xinghua Village and Du Mu's poems, and there are laces on the top and bottom.

The bottle caps of fake "Fen Liquor" are made of different materials, and the ancient well pavilion pattern on the cap is not clear and may fall off. The inner wall of the bottle cap is dark or painted yellow, the inner pad is a paper pad or a dark yellow plastic pad, and the seal is uneven. There is no opening indicator arrow or English on the outer wall of the bottle cap.

(4) Wine quality identification

Fenjiu liquor is colorless, clear and transparent, without sediment or suspended matter. The color of fake wine is not correct, whitish or turbid; the real Fen wine has a pure aroma, mellow and refreshing taste, a refreshing aftertaste, a natural and harmonious body, and a long aftertaste after drinking. Fake "Fen Liquor" has mixed aromas, varying degrees of alcoholic content, and often contains excessive amounts of substances harmful to human health.

12. Identify the quality of beer

Beer is made from barley malt, hops and water as the main raw materials, with non-germinated grains (such as rice, corn, etc.) as auxiliary materials, and is brewed through saccharification and fermentation. Made of low-alcohol beverage wine rich in various nutrients. If calculated based on the heat energy supplied to the human body, one liter of beer is equivalent to the nutrition of 0.7 liters of milk.

Simple classification of beer:

Beer can be divided into light beer, strong beer and dark beer according to the depth of color. According to the production method, it can be divided into cooked beer (pasteurized) and fresh beer (not pasteurized). In addition, there is also a filtered beer called "pure fresh beer" today. According to the packaging container, it can be divided into bottled beer, canned beer and barreled beer. The so-called beer degree refers to the weight percentage concentration of the original wort, not the alcohol content. For example, 12° beer has an alcohol content of only 3.5% to 4.0%.

The typicality of beer: that is, as a nutritious low-alcohol beverage, what are the main aspects of its characteristics (typicality)?

Color— - The color of beer can be divided into three types: light color, rich color and black. Good beer should have an eye-catching luster regardless of the color. Dark and dull beer is not a good beer

Transparency - Beer is regulated During the shelf life, it must maintain its clean and transparent characteristics, and there should be no turbidity or precipitation.

Foam - Foam is one of the important characteristics of beer. Beer is also the only alcoholic beverage with foam as the main quality indicator.

Flavor and body - Generally, light beer commonly seen in daily life should have obvious hop aroma and subtle hop bitterness, be slightly bitter but not long in the mouth, have a refreshing but not light body, and be soft and palatable.

Carbon dioxide content - It has saturated and sufficient carbon dioxide, which can give beer a killing power and give people a comfortable and exciting feeling.

Serving Temperature – The temperature at which beer is served is important. When drunk at a suitable temperature, the effects of many beneficial ingredients in the wine can coordinate and complement each other, giving people a comfortable and refreshing feeling. Beer should be drunk at a lower temperature, preferably around 12°C.

(1) Color identification

Good quality beer - light yellow with green, not dark, eye-catching luster, clear and transparent, no obvious suspended matter.

Inferior beer - light yellow or slightly darker in color, transparent or shiny, with a little suspended solids or sediment.

Inferior quality beer - dark and matte color or loss of luster, with obvious suspended matter and sediment, and in severe cases, the wine body is turbid.

(2) Foam identification

Good quality beer - strong foaming power when poured into the cup, the foam reaches one-half to two-thirds of the cup height, white and delicate , hang the cup for a long time (more than 4 minutes)

Inferior quality beer - the foam rises when poured into the cup, the color is whiter, and the cup hangs for more than 2 minutes.

Inferior quality beer - there is a slight foam when poured into the cup and it dissipates quickly, and some have no foam at all. The bubbles are thick and yellow, and the cup does not hang, like a cup of cold tea.

(3) Aroma identification

Good quality beer - has obvious hop aroma, no raw hop smell, no aging smell and other odors.

Inferior beer - There is a hop aroma but not obvious, and there is no obvious odor or strange smell.

Inferior beer - no hop aroma, but a weird smell.

(4) Taste identification

Good quality beer - pure taste, obvious aroma, without any foreign taste. The wine is clear and refreshing, with a harmonious and soft body, strong killing power, delicate and slightly pleasant bitterness, no after-bitterness, and a desire to drink again.

Inferior quality beer - the taste is relatively pure, no obvious odor, the body of the beer is more harmonious, and it has a certain killing power.

Inferior quality beer - the taste is not right, with obvious foreign and strange smells, such as too strong sourness or sweetness, iron smell, bitterness or tastelessness, and in severe cases, it is unpalatable.

Factors affecting the quality of beer:

(1) Loss of light: Beer is a transparent colloidal solution that is easily affected by microorganisms and physical and chemical effects, causing the colloid to be destroyed and lost. The characteristic of transparency is called "loss of light". A colloidal solution that suffers further damage after loss of gloss - beer can cause turbidity and sedimentation.

(2) Yeast turbidity: The alcoholic turbidity of beer is caused by wild yeast or re-fermentation of yeast. The main symptoms of yeast turbidity are that the wine is turbid, loses its luster, and has sedimentation. There are enough bubbles after opening the cap, which is often accompanied by foaming (beer spewing). There is "smoke" at the mouth of the bottle when the wine is poured into the cup.

(3) Turbidity due to cold: When beer is stored or transported for a certain period of time at around 0°C, some smaller suspended particles often appear in the wine due to the low temperature, causing the beer to lose its luster. If the storage and transportation time at low temperature is extended, larger agglomerates will appear in the wine and cause precipitation. If the storage and transportation temperature is raised to above 10°C when the beer is in the loss of light stage, the wine liquid will return to a transparent state. This turbidity caused by cold is actually a phenomenon of protein aggregation.

(4) Starch turbidity: Due to incomplete saccharification, a certain amount of starch remains in the beer, causing turbidity and white precipitate gradually appearing.

(5) Oxidation and turbidity: When beer is bottled or barreled, it will inevitably come into contact with oxygen in the air and cause turbidity. The more air, the faster the turbidity. Therefore, beer should be stored with as little shaking and exposure as possible, and it is required to be stored at a suitable temperature.

13. Identify the authenticity of Shandong Tsingtao Beer

The "Qingdao Brand" beer produced by Qingdao Brewery in Shandong Province is famous at home and abroad for its excellent quality. The highly respected famous and high-quality beer is also one of my country’s top export products for earning foreign exchange.

The method of sensory identification of authentic and fake Tsingtao beer is as follows:

(1) Bottle sticker identification

The overprint of the genuine product is accurate and clear, the color is correct, and it is full of luster. The fakes are poorly printed.

(2) Identify fake bottle caps as overprinting is incorrect and dull.

The genuine iron-printed pattern is clear, firm and lined with injection molded gaskets. However, the imprinted iron patterns on the fake bottle caps are not firmly attached, and some have fallen off.

(3) Bottle identification

The standard bottle shape of genuine products is a slip-shoulder bottle, and the bottle body has the Three Cups brand trademark. Fake ones have mixed bottle shapes and no unified markings.

(4) Wine quality identification

The real wine is clear and transparent, light golden yellow, with white, delicate and long-lasting foam, sufficient carbon dioxide, soft and refreshing when drinking, and has an obvious hop aroma. . The fake ones have a darker color, fewer bubbles, and impurities or sediments.

14. Identify the quality of rice wine

Yellow wine is a unique traditional drinking wine in my country. It is named after its bright yellow color.

The raw materials of rice wine are mainly glutinous rice, japonica rice, yellow rice (millet), etc. It is made through saccharification and fermentation of wine medicine and koji, and finally pressed. It is a low-alcohol fermented raw wine. Rice wine is mellow in nature, suitable for long-term storage, and has the characteristic of "becoming more fragrant with age". Rice wine also has certain nutritional value and is a very popular beverage among Chinese consumers.

(1) Basic methods for sensory identification of rice wine

① Color identification: Rice wine should be an amber or light yellow liquid, clear and transparent, with bright luster, no sediment and suspension things.

② Aroma identification: Rice wine is better with a fragrant aroma, that is, it has the unique ester aroma of rice wine.

③Taste identification: It should be mellow and slightly sweet, the wine should be soft and non-irritating, and should not have spicy, sour or other odors.

④ Alcohol content identification; the alcohol content of rice wine is generally 14.5% to 20%.

(2) Factors affecting the quality of rice wine

① The turbidity of rice wine caused by poor storage, transportation or safekeeping, as the temperature of the wine rises or it is subjected to strong vibration. If the turbidity is not accompanied by a change in taste, you can still drink it.

② Because the alcohol content of rice wine is low, it is easy to contaminate bacteria and become rancid and turn white, making the wine turbid with sediment. A thin film is suspended on the surface of the wine (commonly known as "pickling"), and the taste is too sour or even smelly. , this kind of wine is spoiled wine and cannot be drunk.