The so-called hand tools, also known as hand tools, are relative to electric tools. Mainly by means of hand to twist or apply force to the tool. Basic introduction Chinese name: classification of hand tools: wrench, pliers and screwdriver. Full name: definition of hand tools: using hands to twist or apply force to tool structure, classification, screwdriver, wrench, hammer, electroprobe, tape measure, wallpaper knife, electrician knife, hacksaw, spirit level, wire cutters, needle-nosed pliers, wire stripping pliers, operating tools, precision hand tools, wrenches and hammers. Woodworking knives, safety matters, hazards, precautions, purchase methods and structures Hand tools can be divided into wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers, tape measures, hammers, sleeves, cutting, scissors, sleeve sets and auxiliary tools such as tool carts according to their uses, and each category has different models. Wrenches include open-ended wrenches (mechanical hands), double-ring wrenches, ratchet wrenches (quick wrenches), dual-purpose wrenches (compound wrenches), tubing wrenches, T-socket wrenches, cross-socket wrenches, adjustable wrenches, etc. Pliers include wire cutters, needle-nosed pliers, oblique-nosed pliers, retaining ring pliers, carp pliers, water pump pliers, pipe pliers, powerful pliers and so on; Screwdriver has a word, cross, meter, hexagon, pattern and other categories; Sleeves are divided into ordinary sleeves, pattern sleeves (E-shaped sleeves), screwdriver sleeves (BIT sleeves), spark plug sleeves, and powerful sleeves. According to the specifications, there are three common specifications: 1/4 ",3/8" and 1/2 ",where" is an inch; At the same time, there are 6-angle sleeve and 12-angle sleeve in each specification; There are claw hammers, fitter hammers, round hammers, rubber hammers and installation hammers. Cutting categories include files, diamond files, iron scissors, aviation scissors, art knives, square pipe saws, pipe cutters, wire cutters and other categories; In terms of materials, there are vanadium steel, carbon steel, alloy steel and so on. A tool used to turn a screw to force it into place, usually with a thin wedge-shaped head that can be inserted into a slot or recess in the screw head-also known as a screwdriver. A hand tool that uses the lever principle to twist bolts, screws, nuts and other fasteners that thread tightly to the opening or socket of bolts or nuts. Wrenches usually have an opening or sleeve hole at one or both ends of the handle to clamp the handle and apply external force, so that the bolt or nut can be turned and held by the handle. When in use, an external force is applied to the handle along the thread rotation direction, so that the bolt or nut can be screwed. A hammer is a tool that strikes an object to make it move or deform. It is most commonly used to knock nails, correct or knock objects open. Hammer has various forms, the common form is a handle and a top. One side of the top is flat for knocking, and the other side is a hammer. The hammer can be shaped like a horn or a wedge, and its function is to pull out nails. In addition, it also has a round-headed hammer. Electroprobe is also called the electric pen, or "electric pen" for short. It is an electrical tool used to test whether there is electricity in the wire. There is a neon bulb in the pen body. If the neon bulb glows during the test, it means that the wire has electricity or is the live wire of the passage. The nib and tail of electroprobe are made of metal materials, and the pen holder is made of insulating materials. When using electroprobe, be sure to touch the metal part at the tail end of electroprobe with your hands, otherwise, because the charged body, electroprobe, human body and the earth have not formed a loop, the neon bubble in the electroprobe will not glow, resulting in misjudgment, and the charged body is considered to be uncharged. Tape measure Tape measure is a common measuring tool in daily life. What we often see is a steel tape measure, which is commonly used in construction and decoration, and is also one of the necessary tools for families. Divided into fiber tape measure, tape measure, waist measure and so on. Lu Banchi, Feng Shui ruler and Wen Mi also belong to steel tape measure. A kind of wallpaper knife knife, with sharp blade, is used to cut wallpaper and other things, hence the name "wallpaper knife", also known as "art knife". Decoration, decoration, advertising plaque industry often used. Electrician knife Electrician knife is a cutting tool commonly used by electricians. An ordinary electrician's knife consists of a blade, a blade, a handle and a knife hanger. When not in use, retract the blade into the handle. The root of the blade is hinged with the handle, which is provided with scale marks and scale marks. The front end is provided with a screwdriver bit, and both sides are provided with file surface areas. The blade is provided with a section of concave cutlass mouth, and the end of cutlass mouth is provided with a blade tip. The handle is provided with a protective button to prevent the blade from bouncing. The blade assembly of the electrician's knife has multiple functions. When in use, all the operations of connecting wires can be completed with only one electrician's knife without carrying other tools, and it has the beneficial effects of simple structure, convenient use and various functions. Hacksaws include hand saws (household use, carpentry), cutting saws (branch pruning), folding saws (branch pruning), hand-held bow saws, edging saws (carpentry), slitting saws (carpentry), and cross-cutting saws (carpentry). The level bar has horizontal bubbles, which can be used for checking, measuring and debugging whether the equipment is installed horizontally. Wire cutters Wire cutters are a tool for clamping and shearing, which consists of a clamp head and a clamp handle. The clamp head includes a jaw, a tooth opening, a knife edge and a chisel opening. The functions of various parts of pliers are as follows: ① the tooth opening can be used to tighten or loosen the nut; ② Knife edge can be used to cut the rubber or plastic insulation layer of flexible wires, and can also be used to cut wires and iron wires; (3) the chisel can be used to cut off hard metal wires such as wires and steel wires; ④ The insulating plastic tube of pliers can withstand voltage above 5V V. With it, wires can be cut with electricity. Needle-nosed pliers, also known as repairing pliers, are mainly used to cut single and multi-strand wires with smaller wire diameters, bend wire joints of single-strand needle-nosed pliers, peel off plastic insulation, etc. It is also one of the tools commonly used by electricians (especially internal electricians). It consists of a sharp point, a knife edge and a pliers handle. An insulating sleeve with rated voltage of 5V is sleeved on the handle of the needle-nosed pliers for electrical purposes. Because the head of the needle-nosed pliers is sharp, it is used in narrow spaces. The operation method of bending the wire connector with the needle-nosed pliers is as follows: first, bend the wire end to the left, and then bend it clockwise next to the screw. Stripping pliers Stripping pliers are one of the commonly used tools for internal electricians, motor repair and instrument electricians, and their appearance is shown in the following figure. It consists of a knife edge, a thread pressing port and a pliers handle. The handle of the wire stripper is sheathed with an insulating sleeve with rated working voltage of 5V V. Wire stripping pliers are suitable for stripping plastic and rubber insulated wires and cable cores. The use method is: put the thread end to be peeled in the cutting edge of the pliers head, pinch the two pliers handles by hand, and then loosen them, and the insulation skin will be separated from the core wire. Operating tools Seiko hand tools 1. Choose appropriate saw blades to match the work, such as 14 teeth per inch for sawing solid or thick soft metal; 18 teeth for tool steel, iron pipe, hard metal, etc. And 24 teeth per inch are suitable for sawing metal plates, metal pipes and thin iron bars. 2. Push the saw forward and lift it gently when pulling it back. Wrench 1. Choose a wrench of appropriate size according to the nature of work. 2. When using adjustable wrench, apply force to the fixed edge, and never apply force to the movable edge. 3. If the opening of the wrench is worn or skidded during use, it should not be used again to avoid skidding. 4. Do not use a wrench as a shovel to knock. 5. Do not put a tube on the handle end of the wrench to increase the torque of the wrench. Long square Long square: press the inner side of the first side of the square and lean against the edge of the board. Draw a pencil along the inner side of the second side of the square to draw a vertical line. Screwdriver 1. Choose an appropriate screwdriver according to the size and shape of the screw head groove. 2, screwdriver handle can't use a hammer, handle damage should be replaced immediately. 3. Do not use the screwdriver as a chisel or lever. 4. Use an electrician screwdriver to check the current, but not a common screwdriver to check the high voltage. 5. The screwdriver blade should not be ground to avoid damaging the hardened surface. 6. The screwdriver should not be placed in the pocket of clothes or trousers to avoid being injured when colliding or falling. C-clamp C-clamp is used to fix work objects. When clamping objects, the rotating shaft and rocker face down. Generally, 3-inch clamp or 4-inch clamp can be used, and the number of clamps is small. Pliers 1. Pliers are only used to fasten, insert and remove various pins and nails, and to cut or tighten various wires. 2. Pliers cannot be used to tighten or knock bolts or nuts. 3, pliers handle can't beat or lengthen the handle to increase the power of clamping or cutting. Woodworking knife Woodworking knife is generally used for trimming irregular parts of details, and the blade is a whole piece, which is not easy to break. Safety hazards The hazards that ordinary hand tools can cause include: 1. Cutting by sharp parts. 2. Stabbed by a sharp part. 3. Being pinched by tools. 4. Injure hands when hammering. 5. Injured by flying debris generated at work. 6. Affected by noise generated at work. 7. Inhale dust generated at work. Precautions 1. Before use, you must check whether the hand tools are damaged. Unsafe tools should not be used. 2. Keep the tools clean, especially the hand-held parts of the tools, so as to avoid slipping and falling out at work. 3. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as goggles and gloves. 4. Use hand tools in the correct posture and technique. When using hand tools, the posture should be stable and the safest. Do not use excessive force. 5. When using sharp tools, never point the blade or sharp part at others. 6. When not in use, the tool should be wrapped with protective objects to protect the blade or sharp part, and avoid carrying the tool by hand or putting it in your pocket. 7. Hand tools should not be misused for other purposes. 8. Understand the characteristics of various hand tools and use them correctly. There are many brands of hand tools at home and abroad, such as Kenyon Park, German K brand (pliers are better), American STANLEY, Snap-on, etc., and domestic brands such as Wendeng Maibo, Shanghai Shida, Jiashan Jinyi, Ningbo Jiejie (sleeves, sets and tool carts are better) and Yuyao Great Wall (tape measure is better). The types and selection of hand tools are very important, and the factors to be considered include: 1. The needs of the process. 2. Nature of work. 3. Material of tools. 4. The shape, size and weight of the tool itself.