The Battle of Yongqiu
In June of the second year of Qin Ershi, Xiang Liang adopted Fan Zeng's plan and established Chu Huaiwang's heart, still known as Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang was named Wu Xinjun. After that, Xiang Liang led the rebel army to break Qin Jun in Dong 'a and Dingtao. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang also led the army to capture Chengyang, slightly to Yongqiu, and fought fiercely with Li You, the chief of Qin Sanchuan. Xiang Yu killed Li You among the hosts, and Qin Jun was defeated.
Battle of Julu Battle of Julu
After the battle of Dingtao, Qin Jun crossed the Yellow River to the north, attacked Zhao Wangxie and Zhang Er who revolted against Qin, and besieged the Zhao army in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Chu Huaiwang appointed Song Yi as general, Xiang Yu as lieutenant, and led troops to rescue. Song Yi led his troops to Anyang (now south of Anyang, Henan Province), and then he balked and stationed troops for 46 days. At that time, it was rainy and rainy, and the insurgents were short of food and clothing and were in trouble. Xiang Yu made a decisive decision and killed Song Yi with a sword, forcing Chu Huaiwang to appoint him as a general, and ordered him to immediately send troops to the north to save Zhao, and then crossed the Zhanghe River leading to Zhao. However, because he was outnumbered and demoralized, Xiang Yu ordered the sergeant to chisel the boat for crossing the river and break the iron pot for eating. He only took three days' dry food with him, and all the soldiers made ends meet, which greatly boosted morale and broke the origin of the word Qin Jun (cross the rubicon).
When talking about the Qin Dynasty, people always think of the great master of Daqin first. His spirit of swallowing like a tiger and sweeping Liuhe has made countless romantic people daydream and eulogize for thousands of years! The rise of the Qin Dynasty is undoubtedly the crazy start of its internal war machine and the conquest of millions of iron troops from outside, opening up an unprecedented territory. However, in a short period of fifteen years, the great Qin Dynasty was destroyed once, which really meant that "its prosperity was flourishing, and its death was almost gone". The collapse of the building in the Qin Dynasty had various internal and external problems, but it was undoubtedly Xiang Yu's genius-the Battle of the Julu that gave Daqin the heaviest blow and made the powerful Daqin unable to start its war machine again.
1: Zhang Han's Julu Grand Strategy
Born in Zhang Han, a civilian, it is like a dazzling meteor across the dark sky in the famous Daqin Empire. In Shengfa Chen, it is difficult to be wild, and the princes rise together. When hundreds of thousands of troops pass through Hangu, they assume the final fate of Daqin! The prisoners of Mount Li were organized temporarily, and Zhou Wenzhi's hundreds of thousands of troops were defeated, and then the allied forces of Qi and Chu were broken, and Xiang Liang, commander-in-chief of the Chu army, won three victories and killed them. It can be said that the record is numerous, and it seems to rebuild the military power of Daqin and recast the military soul of Daqin!
At this time, the land outside the customs: the south of the Yellow River is full of Qin Jun forces, with only a few remnants of Wei. Wang Li led the border guards to attack Zhao, the land of Hebei, and the weak Yan was entrenched in the north. Because Tian Rong was just defeated by Qin Jun, and resented that Chu Zhao didn't kill Tian Tian Jiao, he huddled together to protect himself. At that time, the Qin court was fighting for the rights, and the great task of destroying the vassal rebels naturally fell on the commander-in-chief Zhang Han. Zhang Han made a big strategic decision to defeat the Chu army and kill Xiang Liang, and joined the king to leave the army and win the whole State of Zhao. This strategic plan was spurned by later generations, and most scholars thought that he should take the opportunity to attack Pengcheng. But from the situation at that time, it was a remarkable strategic plan.
The reason is as follows: Zhang Han killed Xiang Liang, and the Chu State vibrated, but it didn't hurt its vitality! Xiang Yu and other Chu armies have retired from Pengcheng, and they are in a dilemma. It seems that Zhang Han has no chance of winning. And push Chu too hard, Chu soldiers are indispensable to defend Peng Cheng, Zhang Han is not sure! And after the death of Xiang Liang, Huai Wang rushed to Pengcheng to seize the military power of Xiang Yu, which was too tight! Chu congress temporarily put down the infighting * * * with foreign!
Wang left the army to attack Zhao, but it never worked! Pengcheng is far from Guanzhong, and the north and west are not stable! If Zhang Han attacks Pengcheng for a short time, the food will be tight, and the route for providing foodstuff will be disturbed! And Wang left the army to continue attacking Zhao, so it is better to divide the troops, and the points are easy to be divided. And Wang Li gave up Zhao to attack Pengcheng, and the rear was broken by Zhao. If you can't advance before, you can't retreat after, and you will be wiped out! At a time when there was an accidental event, Zhang Han was urged to go north.
Wang Li-jun pursued a policy of wooing Zhao, cheating him into a second letter to recruit Li Liang, the general of Zhao. Li Liang killed Zhao Wang's sister because she was rude to him, took refuge in Qin Jun and killed Zhao Wang. Later defeated by Zhang Er and Chen Yu, he took refuge in Zhang Han. Zhang Han seized this opportunity to send troops to defeat Zhao, and Wang Lijun took the opportunity to surround Zhao Yu Julu. Zhang Han's army stuck in the south, escorting food and grass for Wang Li's army, and guarding Wang Li's flank, which formed a double attack.
2. General mobilization of the vassals before the war
When the king of Zhao was trapped in Julu, Zhang Er, Zhao Xiang, gave full play to his diplomatic expertise, lobbied his local vassals to save Zhao, and declared that the situation in the world was at stake! Governors came with armies in succession. Chen Yu, the general of Zhao, arrived first, and tied tens of thousands of troops to the north of Julu. Zhang Ao, the son of Zhang Er, also received more than 1, soldiers. Chu in the south sent its northern expedition group, and Yan in the north sent general Zang Tea south. Tian Rong didn't want to save Zhao because of personal grievances, but Qi Jiangdu came with Tian Rong on his back. History records: "The vassal army rescued those who were under the giant deer for more than ten walls, and did not dare to March."
Zhang Er has been waiting for the rescue of the army. After seeing Qin Jun's lineup, all of them have become street performers in the Jianghu. They just put on airs, but they don't really work hard. Absolutely support Zhao in spirit, but dare not be serious with Qin Jun in action.
Zhang Er was so anxious that he sent messengers Zhang Miao and Chen Ze to question Chen Yu. Chen Yu forced him to give Zhang Miao and Chen Ze five thousand troops to find Qin Jun to practice. Qin Jun which put the five thousand people in the eye, a moment to kill five thousand people. Zhang Er didn't know anything about it, so he later misunderstood that Chen Yu killed his emissary. Seeing this situation, the governors dare to act again, and everyone is all on the sidelines.
At this time, Zhang Han's strategic plan was further reflected. The stag was used to attract the vassals in the world, and the vassals saved Zhao, and then they took their headquarters to attack the vassals and wiped them out in one fell swoop. If the vassals don't save, they will win the giant deer, wipe out the Zhao army and blow the morale of the vassals! In fact, at that time, Zhang Han was determined to fight with the vassals! Therefore, there is no urgent attack on the giant deer, but a siege; And I have established a route for providing foodstuff and fought a protracted war! This strategic plan seems to be perfect, and it will be realized once again that Qin Jun has the advantage and wiped out the vassals and swept the world. The crumbling and scarred Daqin dynasty finally ushered in the dawn of a glimmer of victory.
"When the sea flows, you can show your true colors as a hero." Perhaps God didn't let Daqin survive this robbery. At a moment of calling for heroes, our protagonist Xiang Yu, the greatest strategist in Qin and Han Dynasties, appeared ...
III. The infighting of Chu reinforcements
The Northern Expedition Group sent by Chu finally arrived at the most critical moment. Zhang Han besieged Julu in September, and the Chu army sent the Northern Expedition Group from October to November. Why didn't it arrive until December? It turned out that there was a power struggle among Chu, and Chu Huaiwang, who was originally a puppet, took advantage of Xiang Liang's death to seize the military power of Xiang Yu. He sent his cronies Song Yi as the commander in chief, followed by Xiang Yu Fan Zeng, and led a great army to save Zhao. However, because of the fear of Qin Jun's power and the desire to remove Xiang's political threat, he wanted to kill Xiang Yu halfway and form an alliance with Qi (please refer to the other two articles "People who were seriously neglected in the Chu and Han Dynasties" and "Research on Chu Huaiwang's strategy at the end of Qin Dynasty", which are not detailed here). History records that "if you go to Anyang, you will not enter for 46 days."
In the power struggle, Xiang Yu won and successfully killed the main commander Song Yi. Huai Wang had no choice but to "make Xiang Yu a general, and both Dangyang Jun and General Pu belong to Xiang Yu." . However, other troops will not belong to the Northern Expedition Army, and there will be no reinforcements to support them. Textual research on the troops gathered in Pengcheng at that time, Liu Bangjun was originally a member of the Northern Expedition Army, because King Huai and Xiang Jia did not participate in the Julu War with Xiang Yu in the power struggle. Fan Jun Wu Ruijun and * * * Ao Jun did not take part in the Julu War, but they followed Xiang Yu when they entered Shanhaiguan and did not follow Xiang Yu when they attacked Nanjun. Long Qie was originally a pioneer in Xiang Liang, which is not clearly recorded in the history books, but from the position before and after, Long Qie Army should not participate in the Battle of Julu. The only question is whether Lu Chenjun was merged and taken to Julu by Xiang Yu or whether some or all of them stayed in Pengcheng. It is estimated that some of them were taken away by Xiang Yu to participate in the Julu War.
After being authorized by King Huai, Xiang Yu immediately led an army to cross the river to save Zhao. After crossing the river, Qi Wang, Sun Tianan and a small army took refuge in Xiang Yu.
Four: The sinister situation before the Julu War
After Xiang Yu arrived in Julu, he began to plan a century gamble on Qin Jun. The bet was his own life plus tens of thousands of Chu troops. If he lost, the whole army would run out of ink and die on the spot. And winning is the world of Daqin ...
There are all kinds of disadvantages in front of you, which seems to be a gambling game with no suspense.
First, the opponent's strength is extremely strong
His opponent is a powerful and invincible iron and blood elite. There are two Qin Jun stuck in the stag. One is the border guards built by Meng Tian, the famous Qin Dynasty. This army has been through battle, defeated the Xiongnu in the north, and made great achievements. They were led by Wang Li, the deputy of Meng Tian and later the general of the border guards. He was once named the Hou of Wucheng, and made many rounds with Qin Shihuang, earning great fame. This army is responsible for encircling the giant deer, and most of the troops think it is more than 2 thousand.
Qin Jun's other leader was Zhang Han, who had repeatedly encircled the warlord rebel army. The quality is lower than that of Wang Lijun, but he is also a teacher of many battles. About this army, many people think that it is composed of prisoners of Mount Li. In fact, when Zhou Wen took hundreds of thousands of troops to detain him, Qin Ting was unprepared, so he had to launch Lishan prisoners to resist the rebel army. But later, Zhang Han fought many times and got support. Its composition gradually changed from Lishan prisoner to regular army, and generals such as Sima Xin and Dong Kun were the reinforcements sent to Zhang Han by Qin later. When Zhang Han fought against Xiang Liang, he was repeatedly defeated by Xiang Liang. After receiving reinforcements, he broke the army and killed Xiang Liang. The fighting capacity of the army was obviously improved, and it was the time when Wang Li's army went south to attack Zhao. It is likely that Wang Li's 3, border guards gave Zhang Han 1, reinforcements.
After Zhang Han surrendered to Xiang Yu, he whispered from the "Qin officials and soldiers:' General Zhang and others cheated me into being a vassal, and now they can enter the customs and break the Qin Dynasty, which is great good; That is, if we can't, the princes will take us to the east, and Qin will do everything to punish my parents and wives. " "It can be seen that the composition of Zhang Han's army had a fundamental change.
So Xiang Yu has to face more than 4, elite regular troops of the Qin Dynasty, and the generals are all famous generals.
Secondly, I am extremely weak
The composition of Xiang Yu's army is very complicated. Let's discuss the composition of Xiang Yu's army in detail here. It is generally believed that the number of troops of Xiang Yu is between 5, and 6,. Among them, the pioneer of 2, records is Ying Bu, the army of General Pu. That is, the main force of Xiang Yu still has 3, to 4,.
Xiang Yu's army composition dates back to the Xiang Liang era. Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu trained an elite Xiangjia army in Jiangdong in their early years. Xiang Yu once took this 8,-strong son across Huai River to attack Qin. Later, Xiang Liang collected tens of thousands of rebels from Chen Ying, merged with Qin Jiajun, and incorporated various rebel forces with miscellaneous brands to form Chu Army. Each of these forces has its own army. Xiang Yu, on the other hand, took a small number of soldiers and Liu Bangjun together to form a deviant division and attacked Qin Jun elsewhere.
After Xiang Liang died, people from all walks of life gathered in Pengcheng. Xiang Yu was in command of Xiang Liang remnant army and his own partial division. Huai Wang, Xiang Yu Army and Lu Chenjun will be the main force to save Zhao. This army includes Xiang Yu's Qinbing people, Xiang Liang's miscellaneous army, and Lv Chen's peasant rebels. Later, Tian An followed Xiang Yu, and it is estimated that he did not participate in this battle.
In other words, Xiang Yu's leadership is a hodgepodge, and it is hard to say how effective it is, and it is very difficult to command.
Third, there is no back road, so you can't fight for a long time
Because of the rights of Xiang Yu and Huai Wang, Xiang Yu is in a place where there is no foreign aid and no retreat. Qin Jun is defeated, so you can escape. Xiang Yu's defeat is estimated to be about to raise his head to see Huai Wang. At this time, it is estimated that Huai Wang will not let go. The hay is even more problematic. Not only does Xiang Yu's army have no supply, but what is more worrying is that Song Yi stayed on the road for a month and a half. At this time, it is December, and there are three months from the Julu around Qin Jun. The Julu will break for Qin Jun at any time.
fourthly, allies are afraid of fighting and save their strength.
Although all the vassal reinforcements know that the situation in the world is at stake, no one wants to accompany themselves because of the small number of soldiers and their different hearts. Therefore, it is more difficult to count on vassal reinforcements to help yourself than to ascend to heaven.
The above four conditions can be said that the situation is extremely sinister. It is undoubtedly an idiotic dream to quickly defeat several times the elite with a small number of mixed brands! But genius is genius, genius is to break the rules, and genius is to create miracles from the impossible.
5. Formulation and implementation of battle plan
Genius is a genius, and Xiang Yu immediately discovered Qin Jun's weakness-the layout of Qin Jun was that Wang left the army to surround the giant deer, and Zhang Han army stuck to its south, while building a tunnel to lose the millet, it attacked the reinforcements who rescued the giant deer at any time. This army was like two vises, firmly staring at its prey. And the weakness lies in the heart between the two pliers. To directly implement Hei Hu's Tao Xin strategy, Xiang Yu can only hope to win by cutting off the connection between the two vises and concentrating on one of them.
In order to get more information, Qin Jun was exposed. Xiang Yu sent Ying Bu first, and General Pu took his 2, troops to cross the river and attack the Qin Jun tunnel. Ying Bu, General Pu lived up to expectations and defeated Qin Jun who was guarding the tunnel. From this small victory, Xiang Yu saw Qin Jun's problem-the tunnel was weak, and the Zhang Han army was exhausted, so he decided to seize the opportunity to attack Qin Jun. At this time, Chen Yu sent someone to well-documented Xiang Yu, and Xiang Yu agreed. Just let Chen Yu make a gesture to save Zhao to attract the attention of Wang Lijun.
Xiang Yu crossed the river with the remaining main forces. After crossing the river, Xiang Yu gave an impromptu speech to boost morale, and then he burned his bridges and brought only three days' dry food to show his fearless spirit of "give me victory or give me death". This fully embodies Xiang Yu's strategic vision, tactics and fearless determination. First of all, Xiang Yu has an army of miscellaneous brands, with many military factions and uneven combat effectiveness, and Xiang Yu is commanding them for the first time, so it is difficult to command them with ease. In this case, Xiang Yu made full use of "the death of being trapped"