1. What is indispensable in English and superfluous in Chinese can be omitted in translation;

2. Internationally used terms can be directly translated, such as CD, IT, WTO, etc.

3. Name, place name, etc. Transliterate (the name comes from the owner);

4. Semi-transliteration and semi-free translation;

5. Labeling in literal translation means that words in the source language have no corresponding words in the target language, and they can be labeled with brackets after literal translation.