First have a good brand, a world-famous brand. Once you have a brand, you can then understand the different models of this brand. It also depends on who plays the flute. If you are a beginner, you can sell it at a lower level. Model, if you are a flute master, you should buy a high-end model, which ranges in price from a few thousand yuan to hundreds of thousands. The higher the grade, the more expensive the model and the better the instrument. Here are some world-famous flutes:

There are many well-known flute brands in the world. The author has compiled some well-known brands in the world to share with you. There must be some well-known brands missing. I hope Experts can make up for it. Thanks!

Currently, most well-known flutes are made in Japan and the United States. American handmade flutes are more expensive than Japanese ones. For Brannen, the price of pure silver is more than 100,000 yuan

A.D.GeoffreyGuoBrothersFlutemakers

Akiyama Japan's Master Akiyama handmade and characterized by guarantee

Altus Gongxue Society agent

AustralianFlute/RecorderMakersRobert Bigio features wooden blowpipes

Brannen is currently the most popular brand in the world

Burkart/Phelan

Casey Burns

David Chu

Dean Yang

Emanuel

Emerson flutes and piccolos

Alexander Eppler

Eva Kingma

Folkers amp; Powell

GemeinhardtGemeinhardt

HaynesFlutes, an old American brand, was the favorite of the late master Rampal (both Brannen and Powell were branched out from this)

Heartsong FlutesP.Hammig (A.R. Hammig) These two brands are famous German brands with different names and should be related to each other, so they are independent

Landell

Lunn

TerryMcGee

Miyazawa Japanese Miyazawa flute

Muramatsu Japanese Muramatsu flute

Mateki Japanese magic flute, commonly known as the Japanese flute community above

3M Natsuki Japanese Natsuki flute

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Native Americanandrish Flutes

Parmenon Flutes

Pearl previously produced popular flutes and now produces high-end flutes.

Peter Noy Flutes Powell, an American-made brand

Sankyo Sankyo

Selmer is a French brand, famous for its SAX origins

Shakuhachi

Straubinger Flutes is very famous for its leather cushions, and many major manufacturers use its leather cushions

Sweetheart Flute Company

Tom Green

Sunami Flutes

Trinity Handicraft Flute Work-room Williams Flutes, Inc.

Wind's Song Flutes Native American flutes Yamaha

In fact, foreign flutes are mainly divided into Japanese Yamaha, Muramatsu, and San Hibiki, Miyazawa, Atas, Master, Magic Flute, Pearl.

American flutes such as Powell, Hans, Boca, Armstrong, Amadeus, and Chinese flutes that are acceptable include: Jinming, Jinbao, Xinghai, Bailing, and Jinyin

Yamaha Yamaha

Pipes by Peter-Lukas Graf, Julius Baker, Andrea Lieberknecht and Shigenori Kudo. The quality of flutes produced in recent years has obviously improved. The 674, 684 and 684H in the 600 series are worth recommending. They are reasonably priced, adopt new designs, and have first-class intonation and volume. The EC mouthpiece is so good that the handmade mouthpiece masters in Germany and France are convinced. It is a miracle among the "popular" (according to European and American income levels) like the Powell Signature mouthpiece (the difference is that the Signature emphasizes good pronunciation and professional level. Only by blowing the Yamaha EC can you really blow out the rich colors). If you are spoiled for choice when choosing a flute, it is best to buy a Yamaha to avoid changing your mind in the future. The disadvantage is that the quality of each batch produced (100-400 series) varies greatly. Another disadvantage is that the brand is not as rich as the following ones.

Introduction to YAMAHA flute models (models will be updated, for reference only)

YAMAHA’s 5, 6, and 7 series are all professional flutes. They all use EC type mouthpieces. The 5 series has an EC silver mouthpiece with a nickel silver body and tail; the 6 series has an EC silver mouthpiece with a silver body and silver tail; and the 7 series is different from the 6 series. , using a higher quality silver flute head, silver flute body and silver flute tail, and the buttons are also made of silver. The three series also have B tail or C tail to choose from.

5 series

514 is a closed-cell curved array with E-segmentation

574 is an open-cell curved array with E-segmentation

584 is Open-hole inline without E-segment

6 series

614 is a closed-hole inline with E-segment

674 is an open-hole inline with E-segment

684 is an open-cell in-line series without E-segment

7 series

714 is a closed-cell curved series with E-segment

774 is an open-cell curved series With E split

784 is an open hole in-line without E split

Series 8 is a silver flute (925 silver, with three wall thicknesses: .35; .38; .43). Series 9 is a gold flute (9K, wall thickness .35mm or 14K, wall thickness .30mm)

8, Series 9 flutes are customized

811 is a closed hole curve With E-divided extraction holes

814 is a closed-hole curved array with E-divided welding holes (extracted holes can be customized)

871 is an open-hole curved array with E-divided extraction holes

874 is a straight-hole series with E-divided welding holes (can be customized)

881 is a straight-hole series without E-divided holes

884 is a straight-hole series No E-divided welding holes (can be customized to pull out holes)

891 is an in-line with E-divided welding holes

894 is an in-line type with an E-divided welding hole (can be customized to pull out holes) )

9 series

911 is a closed-hole curved array with E-divided holes

914 is a closed-hole curved array with E-divided welding holes

971 is an open-hole curved array with E-divided holes

974 is an open-hole curved array with E-divided welding holes

981 is an open-hole series without E-divided holes

984 is an open-hole in-line without E-divided welding holes

991 is an open-hole in-line with E-divided welding holes

994 is an open-hole in-line with E-divided welding holes

There are 3 models of wooden flutes: 814, 874, 894

814W is a closed hole curve with E split C tail

874WH open hole curve With E split B tail

874W is a perforated straight row with E split C tail

894WH is an open perforated in-line with E split B tail

894W is an open hole In-line with E split C tail

Muramatsu

The quality of Galway and Nicolet's flutes goes without saying (although Galway's gold flute fell apart during Quantz's concert) After a fight), the main flutes are all drilled, which is very special. The intonation is excellent, the flute sounds full, and the overtones become thick and powerful. There is not much difference in timbre between the three octaves, and the sound can travel far. Because the sound is loud, the wind band has a good effect.

However, due to improvements in volume in recent years, the sound quality seems to be slightly inferior to previous years. If you want to buy a flute for both solo and band use and are not short of money, buy Muramatsu.

Background introduction

In 1923 AD, flute maker Mr. Muramatsu (1898-1960) made Japan’s first flute. At that time, there were only 15- 20 flute players!

Due to the lack of machines and tools, Mr. Muramatsu, who has a mechanical and logical mind, started by dismantling an imported flute. After various setbacks, he finally completed his first flute in more than a year. work! With no income, Mr. Muramatsu used his excellent painting skills to make a living by painting advertisements and exterior walls for theaters and public bathrooms. On the other hand, he was still obsessed with making flutes. Even though the factory was severely damaged by the Great Tokyo Earthquake and the Second World War, and production was interrupted several times, Mr. Muramatsu still completed the production of his 10,000th flute in 1957. Become the only flute factory in Japan and the world's top quality and scale.

Mr. Muramatsu unfortunately passed away in 1960, but his dedication and passion for flute making was passed on to his son.

In the face of Japan's gradually expanding market and world demand, the young Mr. Muramatsu promptly changed the company's policies and led a group of young flutists as the backbone to start working hard in the field of high-end musical instruments beloved by world experts. With the rapid advancement of technology, these successful first-class experts finally carved the proud MURAMATSU arc-shaped trademark on the instrument, inheriting Mr. Muramatsu's tradition and production culture. Some employees left the company to build Japan's booming flute factory based on Muramatsu technology.

Currently, the production project of "Muramatsu" ranks first in the production of high-end flutes in the world. In 1996, the 50,000th flute came out of the company, and it set the world's largest output of K gold and K platinum, becoming the world's top high-end flute manufacturer respected by world masters. Muramatsu Flute has become one of the world's top flute manufacturers in the late 1960s, and has successively introduced many of the world's top technologies, leading several industrial revolutions in the flute production industry. Muramatsu's flute scientific research department, led by Mr. AOKI, has been committed to the detailed improvement and refinement of flutes for many years. Based on the launch of the second generation of improved products, in 2003 it completed the upgrade of the third generation of Muramatsu flutes. all over the world, and will be launched in China simultaneously with the world to serve Chinese music lovers. The above and more have made Muramatsu the world leader in flutes, leading the field of flutes in various countries.

Introduction to MURAMATSU flute models

EX handmade economical flute, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, nickel silver body and buttons, handmade sterling silver mouthpiece with holes, Silver plated barrel. The tone is smooth, beautiful and thick. This is a great value in the Muramatsu handmade flute family. EX flutes are favored by many flute players for their comfortable feel, good workmanship and performance. Standard configuration: curved row, C tail section. Inline and optional B tail sections are available, but the inline version does not have E division.

GX handmade high-grade silver tube flute, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, sterling silver tube body. Nickel silver keys, open-hole GX type is a handmade all-silver body flute with mellow and sweet tone. Compared with other products of the same level, this flute is affordable but has superior performance. You will be amazed when you try it. It is also an ideal choice for players with less financial means. Standard configuration: curved row, C tail section. Inline and optional B tail sections are available, but the inline version does not have E division.

DS high-end handmade all-silver flute, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, sterling silver body and buttons, open-hole DS type is an all-silver handmade high-end flute with hole-drawing technology. The outstanding feature of this flute is the reaction It's sensitive, the tone is wide and thick, and it can be played clearly and sweetly even when played quickly. As far as the flutes made by the hole-drawing process are concerned, the technical content of Muramatsu flutes has been applied to the extreme. The mouthpiece of this flute allows the player to easily play various note areas, with quick response and obvious vibration of the tube body. The mechanical structure is also the latest design that has been improved over a long period of time by professional technicians. When ordering, you can choose B or C tail, straight, curved or thickened tube wall.

SR top handmade all-silver flute, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, sterling silver body and buttons, hand-welded holes, open hole SR type is a top-quality handmade all-silver flute, welded hole technology, sound hole material is Muramatsu's own technological development enables the entire musical instrument to perform perfectly and balancedly in each sound zone. Each note frequency of the SR flute can reveal its beautiful tone. Each SR flute is carefully crafted to meet the player's individual needs and performance. Standard configuration: Optional straight-line configuration, E split, B tail section.

SR PTP top-grade platinum-plated silver flute PTP type is an all-silver flute with platinum-plated solder hole technology exclusively produced by Muramatsu. The actual playing effect is basically the same as that of a flute made of pure platinum material. The repeated processing during the production process gives the overall characteristics a very high quality connotation, and the performer can easily cope with the dramatic jumps from strong to weak in each sound range. The surface of this flute has the same color and brightness as pure white gold. Standard configuration: Optional straight-line configuration, E split, B tail section.

The 9K gold special flute has high-quality sound. The 9K gold is a top-grade handmade all-silver flute. The welding hole technology and the sound hole material are developed by Muramatsu's own technology, making the entire instrument perform perfectly and balanced in each sound zone. Each note frequency of the SR flute can reveal its beautiful tone. Each SR flute is carefully crafted to meet the player's individual needs and performance. Standard configuration: Optional straight-line configuration, E split, B tail section.

14K gold performer-level professional flute. The 14K gold flute is made of a special alloy material, which makes its response and response extremely sensitive and its overall performance is outstanding. The production of this 9K gold flute embodies unique precision craftsmanship and core technology. This flute is widely used around the world.

Standard configuration: Optional straight-line configuration, E segmentation, B tail segment.

18K gold master-level refined flute. When many first-class flutists describe Muramatsu's 18K gold flute, they say that it has an alluring soft and pure tone. This flute is made of high-density 18K gold material, which enables it to produce smooth, deep, sensitive and clear, colorful and concentrated tone characteristics. This specially made flute allows players to easily vent their emotions through music and impress the audience. Standard configuration: Optional straight-line configuration, E split, B tail section.

A 24K all-gold expert-level refined flute, Muramatsu’s 24K gold flute has more unique timbre characteristics. The ups and downs of each note are more coherent and expressive, just like the continuous flow of mountains and rivers. There are only a handful of this flute in the world, making it a rare and precious treasure for players. This flute embodies rare characteristics that can only be found in pure gold flutes. Standard configuration: Optional straight-line configuration, E split, B tail section. Handcrafted top quality platinum flute. Only the Muramatsu platinum flute has rich and delicate expressive power, and can fully realize its potential from weak to strong. The characteristics of platinum flute are clear, beautiful tone and strong penetrating power. The surface of the platinum flute is bright and will never fade or oxidize. This product fully embodies the elegant and noble temperament of Muramatsu flute. Standard configuration: Optional straight-line configuration, E split, B tail section.

A handmade all-silver special alto flute, this flute truly reproduces the rich and soft tone of a silver flute. When used as a solo instrument, it produces a sound that is clear and powerful and can be heard throughout the concert hall. When used in an ensemble, its soft tone can blend in with the band. Only Muramatsu can produce alto flutes with this kind of quality characteristics.

About Hiroshi Aoki: Hiroshi Aoki, the world's number one flute player, was born in Japan in 1946. He started learning the flute in 1960. In 1967, he joined Muramatsu Company as an instrument assembler and manufacturer. In 1971, he participated in the All-Japan Flute Competition and won the championship. He has been involved in Muramatsu flute design and research since then, and has successively developed Muramatsu flutes in different periods. His improved flute products have caused a wave of improvement in the world's flute industry, and he can be said to be the first person in the world's flute industry. In his spare time, Master Aoki frequently interacts with world flute masters, and often performs on the same stage with masters such as Sir James Galway, Wolfang Shule (Vienna Philharmonic Principal), and Aule Nicolet.

Miyazawa Miyazawa

PCM alloy and RoseSilver are recommended. The advantages of Miyazawa's flute are that it is easy to pronounce and has a large volume, making it a good choice for playing modern works. The tone is slim and lightweight. The disadvantage is that the intonation is not very good.

The word Miyazawa is translated as "Miyazawa". It was founded by a man named Miyazawa Masaru in 1969 in Tokyo as "Miyazawa Flute Manufacturing Co., Ltd." Later, as the sales volume of Miyazawa flutes grew and expanded around the world, the factory was moved to Asaka City, Saitama Prefecture, and continued to produce high-pitched flutes. Miyazawa specializes in handmade flutes. There are three main types: professional type, performance type and golden flute type. The professional type is divided into four series: PA-101, PA-202, PA-302 and PA-402.

In the key system, in order to take into account the stability and balance of the keys and ease of adjustment, only F (the three linkage keys on the right index finger), which is most prone to air leakage, is made without adjustment screws. The adjustment screws of other linkage key groups are retained. Arranged from left to right, the larger the number, the higher the level, and the higher the price. The performance types are mainly Type I and Type II. The difference is that the former is made with drawn holes and the latter is made with welded holes. The pumped-hole production method is to directly extract the sound hole from the tube body and close the edges. Although the sound hole and the tube body can be tightly connected, the wall of the extracted sound hole is thinner, and the vibration effect is slightly different from the tube body; the welded hole The production method is to manually weld the sound holes one by one with the same thickness as the pipe wall at the reserved sound hole positions, and then trim and close the edges one by one. This is very labor-intensive, but in terms of pitch control and perfect sound. The effect is naturally better than that of drawing holes. For Type II and above models, the key system is completely designed without adjustment screws, which provides better stability. Next is the golden flute type, which is the Boston Classic series. Mainly GS, 9K gold, 14K gold.

Three-ring Sankyo

Alain Marion’s flute was absolutely French. It is also a brand that Galway admires privately (of course it does not suit his own style, so he does not brag about it). The pitch is impeccable and the tone is purer than Miyazawa, so it is the first choice for soloists. Unfortunately, the volume was too low and the audience couldn't hear it once it joined the orchestra. The timbre is too sharp, and sometimes it doesn't work well when playing chamber music. The exterior design is first-rate, and it is a work of art from sight to sound. The three-shot flute is Japan's most famous master-level flute, designed and manufactured by Kikuo Kuzo, Hideo Takei and Taizu Ohgi to meet the needs of professional flutists and students of high artistic levels.

In 1970, Mr. Chashi met the French flutist Alain Marion (Master Marion), and soon became SANKYO’s global envoy. I believe that this great artist’s decision was not blind; Kuzo Kikuo The gentleman himself said: "The so-called perfect tone is the 'French tone'. Famous flutists have recognized this tone and admitted that the SANKYO flute has become their most loyal instrument. Artists currently using SANKYO flutes include Ronson Wilson from the United States, Marzio Conti from Italy, Antonio Arias from Spain, and many world-famous artists. This is also the reason why SANKYO flute can be popular all over the world, because all flute lovers know: when you are famous. When many flute scholars insist on using flutes of the same brand, this fully proves the quality and advantages of this brand.

Japanese Sankyo FLUTES model introduction:

Etude. (CF201), student grade, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, nickel silver barrel and buttons, perforated, new built-in E key split

Silversonic (CF301), professional grade, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, Sterling silver barrel, nickel silver buttons, perforated, new built-in E key split

Aritist (CF401), college grade, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, sterling silver barrel and buttons, perforated, new style. Built-in E-key splitting.

Hand-Made DT (CF501), expert grade, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, barrel and buttons, 10K platinum spring, open hole, new built-in E-key splitting, tube wall can be Thickened 0.42 or 0.46

Hand-Made DT (CF601), master-level, sterling silver handmade mouthpiece, tube body and buttons, hand-welded hollow, 10K platinum spring, opening, new built-in E key split , the tube wall can be thickened by 0.42 or 0.46

Altus

Bennett and Trevor Wye's high-end flutes are produced in Japan and are comparable to Muramatsu in all aspects, with special features. Silver flutes made of different materials have very attractive sounds and can be said to be the best among silver flutes. Gold flutes are not recommended because they have no distinctive features.

Altus - a handmade flute brand born in Azumi County, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, known as the Alps. Mr. Shuichi Tanaka is the head of Altus Company and the designer of Altus. Altus has achieved today's achievements. The culmination of Mr. Tanaka’s countless efforts. At the age of sixteen, Tanaka began his flute career and learned flute from Mr. Takahashi Toshio. When he was twenty, he decided to devote his life to flute making. In 1977, he met flutist William Bennett. His unique musical style and rich musical knowledge had a great influence on Mr. Tanaka. In 1981, Mr. Tanaka developed the first Altus flute. Since he was both a performer and a manufacturer, he used a special alloy combination and product design to give Altus a more perfect soul. Under the joint research and development of Mr. Tanaka and Mr. Bennett, Altus flutes continue to make progress, working towards the concept of creating the flute that players really need. Mr. Tanaka has an excellent eye for what kind of instrument a player needs. The flutes he designed have unique timbres and incorporate the style of traditional French flutes. In recent years, we have continued to research and innovate in materials, and have even developed materials unique to Altus.

In order to create tools that allow musicians to fully express music, Altus constantly communicates with many flute-loving musicians to gain a deep understanding of the methods of expressing music, and cares about the needs of players more than anyone else. So Altus always listens to your voice first, and then listens to ours.

Altus spokespersons: William Bennett, Gaspar Hoyos, Emily Beynon, Robert Aitken and other famous flute artists.

Japanese ALTUS FLUTES handmade flute model:

AFL - 907 type 2, 958 silver mouthpiece, silver-plated body tube and keys. The popular flute for the advanced player with a 958 Britannia silver headjoint

AFL - 1107SREB, full silver body, silver-plated keys

An Altus model manufactured out of a 958 Britannia silver tube with the versatile sound typical of Altus

AFL - 1207SREB, the entire tube The professional full silver instrument combining the homogeneous richness of sound typical of Altus with an extremely durable and precise mechanism.

AFL - TS, Solid silver flute made out of 925 Sterling silver

Haynes

Haynes' exquisite craftsmanship and design style have set a good example for the flute manufacturing industry established a standard that continues to this day. William Hans's attitude of striving for excellence has become the working tenet of the company named after Hans. Founded in Boston's historic Bay Harbor, the Hanes Company continues to provide the finest flutes to the world's most renowned soloists, chamber musicians, symphony players, enthusiasts and students.

Among the many great and famous historical landmarks in New England, American history continues to write a new page. Boston Bay Harbor, with its quaint narrow alleys, colonial buildings, and flickering lighthouses, Hanes Company is located here.

William Hans, the young and talented son of a sea captain and a Virginia high school teacher, later became a silversmith. He established his own flute-making shop in Boston in 1888. For a century, Hans has introduced classic flutes and piccolos to the world...

Through the unremitting efforts of a dynamic and truly talented group of artists, Hans' rich craftsmanship The legacy lives on. Because of this, Hans's process technology and innovative design are recognized and far ahead in the same industry.

Hans is like a dancing beautiful butterfly, carrying you to a happy and wonderful paradise.

"I have a dozen flutes, but none of them can compare with Hans in sound or color."

--Gary Shaw

“From the first day I played the Hans flute, I fell in love with it, every day.”

--Jenny Backstrasse

Whether in the past or now, Hans flute has been recognized and respected by masters around the world. Among them are Georges, who became famous at the beginning of the last century, and the great Jean-Pierre Rampal.

All sterling silver "virtuoso" handmade French flute: extraordinary workmanship, no matter thin or thick wall, open or closed hole. This handmade flute has it all.

Hans Gold Flute: The sound is sweet and unparalleled, the sound range is wide, and the sound intensity is variable, making it stand out among flute styles.

All sterling silver "classical" flute: handmade seamless silver-plated tube body, rich tone, optional open and closed holes, extruded sound holes, smooth interlocking keys.

Solid silver body "Soloist" type: extraordinary tone, extruded sound hole, no other similar flute can be found, it combines the advantages of all flutes.

New member of the Hans family: "AMADEUS"

In 1930, William Hans expressed at the company's opening ceremony that he hoped to make an instrument suitable for the public to play. Finally, it realized its dream. The self-designed Amadeus Amadeus flute launched by Hans Company not only meets the quality required by artists, but also has a price acceptable to the public.

This flute designed by Hans Company has been debugged by Hans manufacturers in the United States. Each flute is made according to strict standards.

The avant-garde design concept makes Amadeus a symbol of the careful production and processing of Hans. Just like every Hans flute, Amadeus has its own unique sound - the pure sound quality pursued by the world's top artists. Today, it’s easier to be inspired by Hans’s voice.

In Boston, Hans hired the best designers and carefully designed every detail using ancestral craftsmanship. In a short period of time, Hans became a model for American flute manufacturing. In Hans's studio, artists can find the flute they want.

Introduction to various models of American Haynes flutes (prices are for reference only)

Amadeus AF600 model, market price 12,200 yuan

All silver The flute head, silver-plated flute body and keyboard adopt the technology of Hans Company. The C key tail flute, key cover and key beam adopt unique non-welded one-piece technology. Straight or inclined keyboards are provided. The standard pitch is A. =422.

Amadeus AF700 model, market price is 21,000 yuan

All silver flute head, flute body, flute tail, silver-plated keyboard, the whole adopts the technology of Hans Company, C key The tail flute, key cover and key beam adopt unique non-welded integrated technology, providing straight or inclined keyboard, standard pitch A=422.

Amadeus AF800 model, market price is 23,700 yuan

All silver flute head, silver-plated flute body and keyboard, the whole adopts the technology of Hans Company, C key tail flute, French key beam, straight or inclined keyboard available, standard pitch A=422.

The price of the above models with B-key tail flutes will increase by 1,000 yuan.

Performer type

Handmade 14K Gold, market price 30,000 yuan

14K rose gold mouthpiece, flute body, flute tail, keyboard

Platinum Flute, market price is 40,000 yuan

Platinum flute, 14K rose gold keyboard

Welded sound hole, Hans company technology, French key beam, 10K platinum spring, straight row available Or inclined keyboard, standard pitch A=422.

Soloist type

Concerto, market price is 43,600 yuan

All silver flute head, flute body, flute tail, silver-plated keyboard, Hans Company technology , C key flute, French key beam, 10K platinum spring, straight or inclined keyboard available, standard pitch A=422.

Classic type

Classic, market price is 74,000 yuan

All silver flute head, flute body, flute tail, keyboard, 14K gold blow hole, Hans Company Technology, C key flute, French key beam, 10K platinum spring, straight or inclined keyboard available, standard pitch A=422.

Performer type

Handmade SolidSilver, market price is 97,000 yuan

All silver flute head, flute body, flute tail, keyboard, welded sound hole, 14K gold Blowing hole, Hans Company technology, C key flute, French key beam, 10K platinum spring, straight or inclined keyboard available, standard pitch A=422.

The price of the above models with B-key tail flutes will increase by 1,000 yuan.

Performer type

Handmade 14K Gold, market price 180,000 yuan

14K rose gold mouthpiece, flute body, flute tail, silver keyboard, welded sound hole , Hans company's technology, French key beam, 10K platinum spring, providing straight or inclined keyboard, standard pitch A=422.