In ancient times, the ancestors of Zhangzhou lived and multiplied in the Xiangcheng area. They were able to make stone tools in the Paleolithic Age, and had very exquisite carved stone tools; in the Neolithic Age (about 6,000 years ago), The ancestors of Zhangzhou were already able to make pottery with decorative patterns such as curves, tooth patterns, basket patterns and plain surfaces.
With the passage of time, especially in the late Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of people from the north immigrated, bringing with them the culture of the Central Plains. The agricultural production in Zhangzhou gradually changed from slash-and-burn farming to intensive farming, which subsequently led to the development of bronze and iron production technology. develop. After the Tang Dynasty, especially the Yuan Dynasty, professional streets for copper and tin making appeared in urban areas. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a high level of textile technology. The famous Zhang velvet and Zhang yarn were listed as "tributes", and the velvet craftsmanship was even more exquisite. Chinese patent medicines such as Babao Dan (Pien Tze Huang), Bronze Green Tea, and Divine Comedy Tea have come out one after another; "Zhang Ci" is famous at home and abroad. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Sun Xiniang of Zhangzhou made a small self-ringing clock, only one inch high, which could tell the time accurately. The Eight Treasures Ink Pad created in Zhangzhou is popular all over the country and is well-known in Kyoto. It is also listed as a "tribute"; its casting technology, artillery and gunpowder, and wine making are all very advanced. By the time of the Republic of China, a group of experts with modern technology had been created.
However, due to the constraints of feudal ideas and the suppression of the ruling class, the development of science and technology has been difficult. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China and the People's Government of China attached great importance to science and technology, focused on the cultivation of scientific and technical talents, and vigorously popularized science and technology. The vast number of scientific and technological workers have made remarkable achievements in industry, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, aquatic products, medical care and other fields. During the "Cultural Revolution", scientific and technological undertakings were destroyed, institutions were paralyzed, and people were persecuted. However, some scientific and technical personnel still eliminated interference and persisted in scientific and technological research and development, achieving scientific and technological achievements such as "lac sheet", "metal powder metallurgy", "zinc-air battery", and "tunnel reduced sponge iron". After the "Cultural Revolution", in December 1978, Zhangzhou City held a science conference to promote the transformation of science and technology into productive forces. When the district was built, a large number of enterprises and scientific and technological talents were placed under the jurisdiction of Zhangzhou City. The number of scientific and technological talents in Xiangcheng District was greatly reduced. However, Xiangcheng District still strives to develop scientific and technological undertakings, implement the Spark Plan, improve the four-level agricultural science network, increase investment in science and technology, and increase investment in science and technology every year according to the fiscal budget. 1% of the total expenditure will be allocated to three categories of science and technology funds; the science and technology team will be strengthened. There are currently 3,851 professional and technical talents in the district, including 65 with senior professional titles and 679 with intermediate professional titles. From 1982 to 1995, he won 4 scientific and technological achievement awards from the National Science and Technology Commission, the Agriculture Commission, and the Ministry of Agriculture; 16 scientific and technological achievement awards from the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial People's Government; and won scientific and technological achievements from the Provincial Department of Agriculture, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Light Industry, and the Department of Water Resources. 13 awards; 43 scientific and technological progress awards from Zhangzhou Municipal People’s Government (formerly Longxi District Administrative Office). The contribution rate of science and technology to productivity will be 47%.
From 1996 to 1998, Xiangcheng District *** invested 81.065 million yuan in technical transformation funds, implemented 40 technical transformation projects, developed 1,692 "four new" products, and organized the implementation of "Spark" and "Torch" " and other various scientific and technological research and scientific and technological achievement promotion projects, 155 projects (including 4 national-level projects, 9 provincial-level projects, 23 municipal-level projects, and 119 district-level projects); the district has achieved 33 scientific and technological achievements (including the National Science and Technology Spark Award 2 items, 11 provincial Science and Technology Progress Awards, and 20 Municipal Science and Technology Progress Awards).
In 2011, Xiangcheng District won the title of "National Advanced Area for Scientific and Technological Progress" in 2011, and newly recognized three high-tech enterprises including Zhangzhou Weide Welding Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Sanbao Special Steel Co., Ltd. Kehua Technology Co., Ltd.’s “Digital Energy-Saving Industrial Power Optimization Device” won the second prize of the Provincial Outstanding New Product Award. Intellectual property management and protection were strengthened and 125 patent subsidy projects were implemented. Zhengxing Wheel Group Co., Ltd. was identified as a provincial intellectual property advantageous enterprise. Brand building achieved new breakthroughs. In 2011, 1 new well-known trademark, 2 famous trademarks and 17 well-known trademarks were added. Zhangzhou City is now called Xiangcheng. Private private schools were established in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and rural schools were advocated in the Tang Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, Zhangzhou Fuxue, Longxi County School, academies, social studies and private schools were successively established, which played a certain role in the spread of culture.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, imperialist forces invaded, and the British and American churches set up churches and schools in Xiangcheng to spread religious culture. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), in accordance with the edict to abolish the imperial examination and establish schools, primary and secondary schools and normal training centers were established. From then on, feudal education gradually transformed into semi-feudal and semi-colonial education. In the early years of the Republic of China, under the influence of democratic revolutionary ideas, primary and secondary schools and various types of vocational and technical education in Xiangcheng developed.
However, due to the destruction and influence of the successive warlord melees and the civil war launched by the Kuomintang, Xiangcheng education has been in a state of turmoil.
On September 19, 1949, Zhangzhou City was liberated. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the People's Government, various old schools were taken over and transformed. Beginning in 1950, the socialist education system was fully implemented and education was vigorously developed. A campaign to eliminate illiteracy and improve the cultural level of workers and farmers was carried out in urban and rural areas, and an additional 137 primary schools, 4 middle schools, 4 secondary vocational schools, and 1 higher normal school were opened. By 1965, an education system from primary to higher education had been basically formed. During the "Cultural Revolution", all types of education were severely damaged.
In 1978, normal education was gradually restored. In 1979, we implemented the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, carried out educational reforms, strengthened basic education, developed secondary and higher vocational schools, and organized secondary and higher adult education in various forms and categories. By 1995, the coverage of nine-year compulsory education reached 100%, including 32,929 normal children of primary school age, with an enrollment rate of 99.88%; 15,895 normal children of junior high school age, with an enrollment rate of 99%; the non-illiteracy rate among urban and rural young adults rose to 97%. After evaluation and acceptance, it has fully reached the standards of basically universalizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eradicating illiteracy among young adults. There are 189 kindergartens in Xiangcheng; 109 ordinary primary schools (including schools for the deaf and mute and Kaizhi primary school); 17 ordinary middle schools; 3 secondary vocational schools, 8 secondary vocational schools; 1 higher vocational school; and secondary schools. There is 1 normal school; 1 higher normal school; 2 adult secondary vocational schools; and 3 adult colleges.
At the end of 2011, there were 14 ordinary middle schools in Xiangcheng District, with 9,774 students enrolled; 74 ordinary primary schools, with 32,904 students enrolled; 196 kindergartens, with 26,183 children in kindergarten; and 1 special education school, There are 46 students on campus. Zhang was known as the "miasma area" in ancient times, and its folklore believed in witchcraft. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (669), Chen Zheng led his troops into Zhangzhou and used traditional Chinese medicine to treat diseases of the people, gradually changing the pest poison caused by the indigenous witch doctors. In the second year of Chui Gong (686), the prefecture was moved to Longxi County (Xiangcheng), a doctor of medicine was established, and local medical talents began to be cultivated. Traditional Chinese medicine in the Song Dynasty made many achievements. Medical practitioners in the Qing Dynasty focused on specialties and each had their own strengths, forming "schools" and "schools". There were many families of traditional Chinese medicine and famous doctors emerged in large numbers. Medicine was also very developed in Zhangzhou's history. In the fifth year of Emperor Xiande's reign in the Southern Tang Dynasty (958), General Li from the town of Srivijaya (now Palembang, Indonesia) in Nanfan went to Zhangzhou to sell fragrant medicine. During the Song and Ming dynasties, Zhangzhou became one of the import bases for southern medicine.
In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), the London branch of the British Christian Church sent Dr. Ba Amei to preach in Zhangzhou, and Western medicine was introduced to Zhangzhou City. However, traditional Chinese medicine is still the main treatment method in urban and rural areas.
During the Qing Dynasty, severe infectious diseases such as cholera and plague were introduced to Zhangzhou from Hong Kong and Macao, and the government had no way to prevent and control the epidemic.
In the early days of the Republic of China, warlords separated the country, wars were frequent, and there was no way to deal with serious diseases. The working people had no choice but to place their fate on the blessing of ghosts and gods, but the gods and ghosts had no power.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, medical and health work followed the four major policies of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "facing workers, peasants and soldiers, focusing on prevention, uniting traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and integrating health work with mass movements." policy. Establish a health and epidemic prevention committee to focus on the prevention and control of epidemics that seriously endanger people's health, mobilize the masses in depth, launch a patriotic health campaign, and eradicate the "four pests". Through the efforts of the whole people, typical cholera and smallpox were quickly eliminated, and the epidemics of plague and malaria were controlled. In 1956, the city became a city with "three no's" (mosquitoes, fleas, and bed bugs). In 1958, it was rated as one of the province's "six no's" (no mosquitoes). , no flies, no sparrows, no rats, no fleas, no bedbugs) the honorable title of a sanitary city. In January 1959, the State Council and the National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee awarded it the honorable title of "Four Nos" Sanitary City.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a three-level health and medical network covering urban and rural areas was gradually established. The implementation of publicly funded, labor insurance, and cooperative medical systems allows the broad masses of people to seek medical treatment when they are sick, fully embodying the superiority of the socialist system. The social and political status of medical personnel is increasing day by day.
After the city was transformed into a district in 1985, through the reform of the medical system, medical institutions and facilities have been continuously enriched, the medical and health teams have been continuously expanded, medical technology has been continuously improved, and various difficult and complicated diseases and infectious diseases have been effectively treated and controlled.
The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, women's health care and other aspects have been strengthened, and the average life span of the population has increased significantly. Men are 66.57 years old and women are 71.37 years old, which is higher than the average life span of the national urban population before liberation. Zhangzhou City has a long history of culture and sports.
In the Kaiyuan Temple in Zhangzhou founded by the Tang Dynasty, its monks generally taught martial arts, called "Kaiyuan Quan". Until the mid-20th century, its descendants were still alive. Xiangqi and Go were also popular among the people in Zhangzhou during the Song Dynasty. Shaolin Wuzuquan, Taizuquan, Baihequan, and Hongjiaquan were successively introduced in the Qing Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, modern sports were gradually developed in Zhangzhou.
In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), gymnastics classes were opened in primary and secondary schools in Zhangzhou. In the 7th year of the Republic of China, the Guangdong army entered Zhangzhou and set up basketball, volleyball, tennis, track and field, gymnastics and other sports in Zhongshan Park. In September of the 8th year of the Republic of China, the Southern Fujian Dharma Protector District Sports Games was held in Zhangzhou with the participation of 17 counties. Affected by this, some young people interested in sports went to sports colleges in Shanghai and other places to receive formal and systematic physical education. Since then, modern sports in Zhangzhou have gradually become popular, and the technical level has also improved year by year.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhangzhou Youth Amateur Sports School was established in 1956. Especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xiangcheng's sports industry has developed rapidly. Provide a group of outstanding athletes for sports teams at all levels. In 1981, a traditional sports school was established in Zhangzhou. All types of schools have fully implemented the "National Physical Exercise Standards", and the work of popularizing physical education in schools has been rapidly launched; mass sports activities have gradually developed in breadth and depth, and a number of advanced units in mass sports activities have emerged. Due to the vigorous development of school sports and mass sports, traditional sports such as volleyball, swimming, gymnastics, sailing, modelling, and badminton have achieved remarkable results in the province and the country. Outstanding athletes such as Li Yifang, Chen Mei, Li Renjie, and Yu Bin have emerged. .
In 1995, Xiangcheng District formed an all-round, multi-level mass sports activity network, with 300,000 people meeting national physical exercise standards, and 8 primary and secondary schools were designated as provincial designated schools for traditional sports projects.