Classification standard of mental retardation (1) Traditionally, mental retardation is divided into three levels according to the ability to receive education: educatable, trainable and in need of supervision.
(2) According to the degree of mental retardation, it can be divided into four grades: mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe, which are also called mental retardation of Grade 4, Grade 3, Grade 2 and Grade 1.
The IQ and social adaptability corresponding to the four levels are:
Mild: IQ is between 2.0 1 ~ 3 standard deviation, and social adaptability is mild adaptation defect;
Moderate: IQ is between 3.0 1 ~ 4 standard deviation, and social adaptability belongs to moderate adaptation defect;
Severity: IQ is between 4.0l~5 and 5 to 5 standard deviations, and social adaptability is a serious adaptation defect;
Extremely severe: IQ is above 5.0 1 standard deviation, and social adaptability belongs to extremely severe adaptation defect.
According to the grading standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Association for Mental Retardation (AAMD), mental disabilities are classified according to intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptive behavior.
The list is as follows:
Intelligence level classification IQ range * adaptive behavior level
Extremely serious 1 grade
Severe level 2, 20? 34 serious defects
Moderate level 3, 35? 49 moderate defect
Mild level 4 50? 69 Mild defect
Several points of mental retardation indicate whether a child is mentally retarded, and there are two criteria. One is IQ standard, and the other is social adaptability standard. Only when these two criteria meet the conditions at the same time can he be said to be mentally retarded. Only one standard meets the requirements, and by definition, it cannot be regarded as mental retardation.
The reason why there are two standards is that intelligence test alone cannot accurately determine whether intelligence is backward, and social adaptability is also an important indicator to reflect intelligence. Therefore, social adaptability is regarded as one of the criteria.
However, in the practice of special education in China, due to the lack of corresponding social adaptability tests with good validity and reliability and the insufficient popularization of relevant knowledge, people often use intelligence tests to determine whether they are mentally retarded. This obviously does not conform to the definition of prudence.
Mental retardation is mainly manifested as 1, which is slow in perception and easier to accept visual pathway stimulation than auditory stimulation;
2, serious distraction, narrow attention span, no broad vision.
3, poor memory, learning new things must be repeated countless times to learn some knowledge, if not repeated learning, it will be completely forgotten;
4. Poor oral expression, only simple words and phrases, language barrier, it is difficult to communicate with normal people.
5, low thinking ability, lack of abstract thinking ability, imagination and generalization, can not draw inferences from others, calculation ability is not strong.
6, basically have no concept of numbers, and can learn simple addition and subtraction calculations by mechanical memory;
7, emotional instability, poor self-control, easy to do some very extreme things.
8, weak will, lack of self-confidence can not stand the blow,
9. Poor communication skills make it difficult to learn interpersonal communication.
What is mental retardation? Mental retardation, also known as mental retardation, generally refers to the persistent obstacle of cognitive activities and the obstacle of the whole psychological activities caused by organic damage or incomplete brain development. ; Due to genetic variation, infection, poisoning, craniocerebral injury, brain malformation or endocrine abnormalities and other harmful factors, the brain of the fetus or baby can not develop normally or incompletely, and the development of intellectual activities stays at a relatively low stage, which is called mental retardation. ; Dementia is called dementia because the brain is damaged by physical, chemical or virus, bacteria and other factors, which damages the original normal intelligence and causes defects. Mental retardation is not only a worldwide disease that seriously harms children's physical and mental health, but also a serious social problem. It is estimated that there are about 654.38+0.5 billion people with mental retardation in the world. With the rapid development of society and the increasingly fierce competition for talents, countries pay more attention to intelligence. Related researchers are also exploring the factors that lead to mental retardation in children. ; ; Among them, genetic factors are one of the main causes of severe mental retardation; Secondly, infection during pregnancy is another major pathogenic factor for children with mental retardation, especially in the first three months of pregnancy. In addition, malnutrition during pregnancy is one of the main reasons for intrauterine growth retardation.
After a lot of research, medical experts can now know the following reasons in the etiology of mental retardation:
1, genetic factors and chromosomal abnormalities, such as congenital idiots, account for 5% ~ 10% of mentally retarded children. Genetic mutations such as congenital metabolic disorders fall into this category.
2. Prenatal damage includes intrauterine infection, hypoxia, harmful poisons, drugs, radiation, mercury, lead and other physical and chemical factors, smoking, drinking, drug abuse, severe malnutrition of pregnant women or illness of pregnant women.
3, birth injury, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, premature infants, hypoglycemia, nuclear jaundice, sepsis.
4. Postpartum diseases include meningitis, encephalitis, craniocerebral trauma, cerebrovascular accident, toxic encephalopathy, endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism and epilepsy.
In order to reduce the occurrence of mentally retarded children, we must do a good job in prevention, strengthen publicity and education, avoid consanguineous marriage, and mobilize sterilization for serious genetic diseases as much as possible.
Avoid early marriage and women over 40 giving birth at an advanced age, because they are congenital idiots who are prone to chromosomal abnormalities.
Do a good job in prenatal care, improve the technology of dealing with dystocia, reduce birth injuries, and screen newborns for genetic and metabolic diseases in conditional areas, find patients early and treat them early, so as to reduce the occurrence of mentally retarded children.
What are the manifestations of mental retardation and how to diagnose it? 1, the perception speed is slow, and it is easier to accept the stimulation of visual pathway than auditory stimulation;
2. Serious distraction and narrow attention span;
3, poor memory, after countless repetitions, you can learn some knowledge. If you don't repeat your study, you will forget it completely;
4. Poor verbal skills, only simple words;
5, low thinking ability, lack of abstract thinking ability, imagination and generalization, can not draw inferences;
6, basically have no concept of numbers, and can learn simple addition and subtraction calculations by mechanical memory;
7. Emotional instability and poor self-control;
8. Weak will and lack of self-confidence;
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9. Poor communication skills make it difficult to learn interpersonal communication.
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