refer to words that treat people, things, things, time, place, emotions, concepts and other entities or abstract things. Nouns are a kind of part of speech, which can be divided into proper nouns, common nouns and sets in different languages ... In addition, there are "collective noun" or countless "mass noun" in English and other languages, but there is no such difference in Chinese.
definition and usage nouns are names that represent people, things, places or abstract concepts.
For example: desk desk time time life book book room honesty worker worker pencil pencil computer
Usage:
A word used as the subject or object of a verb in a sentence, or a word representing a name in an independent structure, Or words used as predicative words after linking verbs
Classification
Classification of nouns in Chinese
Represents things: Example: Mooncakes on trees
Represents people: Example: Writers and teachers
Represents time: Example: Spring Festival in the dark
Represents place: Example: School city
Represents orientation: Example: Upper east
. Another classification method is to divide nouns into "concrete nouns" and "abstract nouns". The former refers to certain things with entities (such as cats, beds, pyramids, etc.); The latter refers to abstract things (such as freedom, justice, etc.) such as feelings, opinions and concepts. The difference between the two is not very obvious, and there are many cases of mutual infiltration.
In some language sentences, nouns may have different inflections due to the number and category of the referent or the use relative to the action. The main inflectional changes of nouns are case, number and sex, and there are also relatively rare inflections of little fingers. When nouns are inflected in sentences, sometimes verbs or adjectives associated with nouns in meaning will also have corresponding inflections; When pronouns are used to refer to nouns, different pronouns are often used to refer to nouns because of their different case, number and sex. In some languages where nouns are inflected, there are articles before or after nouns.
In a sentence, a noun usually appears in the form of a subject or an object, and it is often used as an attribute to directly modify another noun, or as an appositive or address. In some languages, nouns can also be used as predicative and adverbial.
nouns in various languages
All nouns and nominalized parts of speech in German should be capitalized, which is an interesting special case in the major languages all over the world. Many languages, such as English, which use the alphabetic writing system of Latin letters and Cyrillic letters, only use uppercase to mark proper nouns, such as names of people, places and trademarks. There is no inflectional change or article in Chinese, so when common nouns and proper nouns appear in writing, there is no formal difference without adding proper names and other marks. In addition, English and other languages also have "collective noun" or uncountable "massnoun" to express groups, but there is no such difference in Chinese. Chinese expresses the number of nouns by attaching quantifiers. There are also uncountable words in Chinese, such as "justice". But this is usually semantic, not grammatical. For example, words like "two kinds of justice" sometimes appear.
See
pronoun
sex
number (grammar)
case (grammar)
Classification of nouns in Chinese
Represents things: Example: Tree moon cakes
Represents people: Example: Writer and teacher
Represents time: Example: Night Spring Festival
Represents places. Another classification method is to divide nouns into "concrete nouns" and "abstract nouns". The former refers to certain things with entities (such as cats, beds, pyramids, etc.); The latter refers to abstract things (such as freedom, justice, etc.) such as feelings, opinions and concepts. The difference between the two is not very obvious, and there are many cases of mutual infiltration.
In some language sentences, nouns may have different inflections due to the number and category of the referent or the use relative to the action. The main inflectional changes of nouns are case, number and sex, and there are also relatively rare inflections of little fingers. When nouns are inflected in sentences, sometimes verbs or adjectives associated with nouns in meaning will also have corresponding inflections; When pronouns are used to refer to nouns, different pronouns are often used to refer to nouns because of their different case, number and sex. In some languages where nouns are inflected, there are articles before or after nouns.
In a sentence, a noun usually appears in the form of a subject or an object, and it is often used as an attribute to directly modify another noun, or as an appositive or address. In some languages, nouns can also be used as predicative and adverbial.
nouns in various languages
All nouns and nominalized parts of speech in German should be capitalized, which is an interesting special case in the major languages all over the world. Many languages, such as English, which use the alphabetic writing system of Latin letters and Cyrillic letters, only use uppercase to mark proper nouns, such as names of people, places and trademarks. There is no inflectional change or article in Chinese, so when common nouns and proper nouns appear in writing, there is no formal difference without adding proper names and other marks. In addition, English and other languages also have "collective noun" or uncountable "massnoun" to express groups, but there is no such difference in Chinese. Chinese expresses the number of nouns by attaching quantifiers. There are also uncountable words in Chinese, such as "justice". But this is usually semantic, not grammatical. For example, words like "two kinds of justice" sometimes appear.
See
Pronouns
Sex
Number (Grammar)
Case (Grammar)
Functional nouns are used as subjects, objects, prepositional objects, object complements, predications and noun phrases as adverbials in sentences.
The bag is in the desk. bag is the subject.
The schoolbag is in the desk.
I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes as the object.
I washed my clothes yesterday.
This is a good book. book as a predicative.
this is a good book.
we elected himour monitor. monitor as an object complement.
We elected him as our monitor.
Mary lives with her parents. Parents as the prepositional object.
Mary lives with her parents.
He is a Party member. Party is the attribute.
He is a party member.
they study hard day and night. day and night as adverbial.
they study day and night.
the number of nouns English countable nouns have both singular and plural forms, indicating that one person or thing is in the singular form and that more than one person or thing is in the plural form.
a book, two books, two books, a bag, three bags, three bags
The singular form of nouns is the form that appears in the dictionary, and there is no change, such as: a pen, a bed, a room, an English book.
plural forms of nouns. Most plural forms of nouns are formed by adding -s or -es after their singular forms. The plural forms of nouns are changed as follows.
1) In general, add -s at the end of words. For example,
bags, maps, pens, desktops, workers
2) Nouns end with [s], [z], [], [t], [d] and then add -es, if the end of words is existing.
cloths, boxes, buses, horses, watches, dishes
3) nouns end with -f or -fe, and change -f or -fe into -ves.
bookshelves, wives, knives
4) nouns end with consonants +y,
cities, babies, factors.
5) nouns ending in consonant+o, plus -es, become plural.
heroes, potatoes, tomatos
Although a few nouns end in -o or -f, only -s is added when they become plural, which is rare, such as radiopianos photos roofs.
The plural forms of some nouns in English are irregular, so it is necessary to remember the common ones one by one.
man-women-women's foot-feet-teeth mouse-niceox-oxen sheep-sheep dead-dead fish-fish
irregular change of plural nouns
1) child-children foo. T-Feet Tooth-Teeth
Mouse-Miceman -men woman
Note: The plural forms of compound words with man and woman are also-men and -women.
For example: an Englishman, two Englishmen. But German is not a compound word, so the plural form is German; Bowman is a surname, and its plural is the Bowmans.
2) Simplex isomorphism, such as:
deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese
li, jin, yuan, two li, three mu, four jin
But except RMB, jiao and extra, USD, GBP and FRF all have plural forms. Such as:
a dollar, two dollars；; A meter, two meters
3) collective noun, which appears in singular form, but it is actually plural.
For example, people police cattle itself is a plural number, and you can't say a people, a police, a cattle, but you can say
a person, a police, a head of cattle, the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Swiss and other nouns, which are used in the plural when expressing the national name.
The Chinese are industries and brave. The people of China are hardworking and brave.
4) nouns that end in s and are still singular, such as:
a. maths, politics, physics, etc., are uncountable nouns and are singular.
b. news is an uncountable noun.
c. the United States, the United Nations should be regarded as singular.
The United Nations was organized in 1945. The United Nations was founded in 1945.
D. titles of books, plays, newspapers and magazines appearing in plural can also be regarded as singular.
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
& lt； & lt； One thousand and one nights &; gt； & gt； It is a very interesting story book.
5) means something that consists of two parts, such as glasses, clothes
If you express a specific number, you should use the quantifier pair (pair, double); Suit (set); a pair of glasses； Two pairs of troupers
6) There are also some nouns whose plural forms can sometimes express special meanings, such as: goods, waters, fishes
The plural nouns of attributive nouns are generally singular, but there are the following exceptions.
1) use the plural as an attribute.
such as: sports meeting
students reading-room student reading room
talks table
the foreign languages department
2) man, woman, gentleman, etc. as attributives, their singular and plural numbers depend on the singular and plural numbers of the nouns they modify.
For example, men workers women teachers
gentle officials
3) Some nouns ending in s are reserved when used as attributes.
if: goods train
arms produce weapons production
customs papers
cloths brush
4) the numeral+noun is used as the attributive, this noun generally keeps the singular form.
For example, two dozen/(twenty-four eggs)
a ten-mile walk Shili Road
Two hundred trees
a five-year plan
A seven-year child <