In 2007, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Farmers' Professional Cooperatives came into effect. In recent years, various professional cooperatives have mushroomed. By the end of the third quarter of 201/kloc-0, there were 484,300 farmers' professional cooperatives in China, and more than 38.7 million farmers joined the cooperatives, accounting for 15.5% of the total farmers in China.
Standardized production
Pig raising is very common in rural areas, but it is not easy for farmers to obtain bank loans to regulate pig raising. There is a Peng Yue aquaculture cooperative in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province. Under the guarantee of the cooperative, members can get a benefit card of 30 thousand yuan per household for pig breeding and bring capital into the cooperative. The principal is repaid by the members and the interest is borne by the cooperative. Cooperatives provide loans, piglets, feed, disease prevention and acquisition for members.
"The pigsty area is not less than 20 square meters, with automatic drinking water facilities, and the pigsty is cleaned and disinfected every three days ..." Gao Jianbo, a villager from Banqiao Tang Ya Village, said happily while reading the standardized breeding manual issued by the cooperative: "My family never raised commercial pigs before, but after joining the cooperative, I immediately raised 15 pigs, so I was not worried about breeding technology and sales, but only fed pigs as required. You can make a net profit of 90 yuan every day, which is better than working outside. "
How does the standardized model benefit farmers? Peng Qingyue, the head of the cooperative, made a detailed calculation: in the whole process from buying piglets to selling pigs, farmers have an advantageous scale because of the unified purchase of piglets, which can reduce the procurement cost by more than 4%; Feed is purchased in a unified way, delivered to households directly, and intermediate links are omitted, so that the feed cost per pig is reduced by about 100 yuan; When slaughtering, compared with pig dealers, they can make a profit of 60 yuan to 100 yuan when buying each pig at retail; In addition, the pig slaughter specifications of the cooperative are neat, and the varieties are unified, so farmers can get profits from 200 yuan for each pig.
At present, more than 24,000 cooperatives in China have passed the quality certification of agricultural products, more than 25,600 cooperatives have registered trademarks, and 19.8% cooperatives in Guangdong Province have achieved traceability of product quality. Nowadays, every professional cooperative, members will proudly introduce their standardization process.
Science and technology service
Xue Chuanqian is a farmer in Mazhuang Town, Daiyue District, Tai 'an City at the foot of Mount Tai. Four years ago, he joined some villagers to set up two machine defense teams and Yueyang Crop Cooperative, whose main business is unified prevention and control of pests and diseases. At present, the cooperative has spray bar sprayers 10, 5 tractors and 70 backpack sprayers, with a daily service capacity of 2,500 mu.
Now, Lao Xue is the vice chairman of the cooperative. While guiding reporters to look at the whole prevention and control contract signed by cooperatives and farmers, he introduced: "In the past, pests and diseases were so hectic that pesticides could not solve the problem one by one. I took the lead in building a cooperative, which changed the original situation of individual combat, saved the cost of medicine and reduced agricultural non-point source pollution. The machine defense team members who participated in the cooperative had income, and the farmers who signed the contract also saved their hearts, killing two birds with one stone. " In recent years, cooperatives have provided comprehensive pest control services for 28,000 households with 2,365,438+0.7 million mu of wheat and corn fields in this town.
The emergence of service-oriented professional cooperative organizations represented by agricultural machinery cooperatives has promoted the progress of agricultural science and technology and improved efficiency. Now, the farm work that used to be completed by many people can be solved by one machine, which provides conditions for the transfer of rural labor and is deeply loved by farmers.
The modern agricultural cooperative in Liming Village, Ilaha Town, Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province is one of the 15 large-scale agricultural cooperatives with a total capital of10 million yuan. It has a complete set of tractors, soil preparation machines and sprayers, and the cooperative radiates around 6 villages. Wang Shumin, chairman of the cooperative, said that after using high-tech agricultural machinery for land preparation and drip irrigation, saline-alkali land has been developed, and the yield of corn can be increased by 400 kg.
According to statistics, at present, more than 95% of cooperatives can provide members with all kinds of urgently needed and effective agricultural technical services. Zhao Tieqiao, deputy stationmaster of the Economic Management Station of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that cooperatives are playing an increasingly prominent role in agricultural science and technology popularization and innovation and have become an effective channel for practical technology popularization.
Association of social organizations
"The members of the United Society have grown to 17000, and the marketing team in the market alone exceeds 100. They have also established their own websites, and customers from Zhuhai and other places have taken the initiative to come to the door. " Li Yuhua, chairman of Hongyuan Farmers' Professional Cooperative Association in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province, is very happy recently.
From the initial single household to the formation of order agricultural associations, from associations without legal personality to industrial and commercial registered cooperatives, from a single cooperative to a number of cooperatives to form a joint society ... joint is only a matter of course.
Experts pointed out that China's farmers' professional cooperatives are still in the primary stage, with small production scale, narrow service areas, weak driving ability and low ability to resist market risks. With the intensification of market competition, it is urgent to solve the problems faced by individual cooperatives through further cooperation, and the formation of joint cooperatives or companies has become a way.
Coincidentally. Eight cooperatives in Wuliming Town, Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang Province have established the operation mechanism of Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., forming a "1+8" model. "1" is agricultural development company, "8" is two agricultural machinery cooperatives, five corn planting cooperatives and one rice industry cooperative. From the operating profits of eight professional cooperatives, the head office draws 5% as the company's operating expenses, and each cooperative returns 60% of the profits to the farmers who join the cooperative, and 35% of the profits are used as the cooperative development and operation funds.
Xu, chairman of Pioneer Corn Professional Cooperative, told reporters that these eight cooperatives are independent legal persons and operate independently, but they are all around the industrial chain of corn. After the cooperative group was formed, the company was used as the carrier, and the effect was obvious: Longjiang Bank provided low-interest loans for cooperatives; Contact leading enterprises, and COFCO signed corn purchase orders with cooperatives; Experts from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences contact scientific research institutions to provide comprehensive guidance.