The "New Deal" presided by the rulers in the late Qing Dynasty and the anti-Qing revolutionary movement led by Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of modern democratic revolution, are two incompatible events in the same time and space, which have great influence on later generations. As for how to treat the value and function of the two, later generations also have different opinions and lawsuits. Once upon a time, in the research vision and value system of revolutionary historical view, historians mostly emphasized violent revolution, ignoring the reform role of the rulers in the late Qing Dynasty. Many works on the history of the Revolution of 1911 and the general history of modern times either ignored the "New Deal" and made no mention of it, or copied the viewpoint of Chen Tianhua, a revolutionary writer at that time and dismissed it as "pseudo-reform" and "pseudo-reform". At best, as a background of the Revolution of 1911, they mentioned it lightly. In the past ten years, based on the realistic enlightenment of reform and opening up, coupled with the development of academic exchanges between China and foreign countries and the deepening of historical research, works to re-examine the "New Deal" in the late Qing Dynasty have emerged from the previous perspective, and complex historical scenes and related truths have gradually surfaced. It can be said that in recent ten years, the breakthrough in the study of the Revolution of 1911 in China historians benefited from the breakthrough in the study of the "New Deal" in the late Qing Dynasty to some extent. However, on the level of value evaluation, some people, in the name of criticizing "radicalism" and advocating "authoritarianism" or "conservatism", would rather reform than despise the revolution, regret the interruption of the "New Deal", accuse the violent struggle against the Qing Dynasty as unnecessary efforts, and try to fundamentally deny the historical inevitability and rationality of the Revolution of 1911, which will inevitably lead to academic disputes.

In all fairness, whether it is a unanimous denial of the "New Deal" or a total denial of the Revolution of 1911, although the conclusions are diametrically opposite, there are some striking similarities in the way of thinking, that is, they are all based on the bipolar thinking of caring for one thing and favoring the other, thus ignoring the temporal and spatial relationship between historical events, oversimplifying complex history and causing readers to be at a loss.

It should be admitted that after the heavy blow and humiliation of Eight-Nation Alliance's blood loss, the "New Deal" announced by Empress Dowager Cixi on her way to xi 'an was not completely insincere, nor was it without specific measures and actual investment. Therefore, just because the purpose of the "New Deal" is to maintain the ruling order of the Qing Dynasty, it cannot be denied. Due to different historical conditions, the depth and effectiveness of the reform in the "New Deal" undoubtedly surpassed the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898 in the19th century. It is through the "New Deal" that the signs of China's transformation from a traditional small peasant to a modern industrial and commercial society really appear. The promulgation of economic freedom policy provides a certain institutional basis for the development of capitalist economy; The modern military system, system and modern talent concept have also begun to settle down; Modern systems and judicial systems have also begun to take shape. In addition to the articles of association for rewarding companies, articles of association for the registration of pilot trademarks, general rules for businessmen, company law, bankruptcy law, detailed rules for judges and assembly and association law, the three major laws are the Criminal and Civil Procedure Law of Qing Dynasty, the Criminal Law of Qing Dynasty and the Draft Civil Law.

However, we should also see that the "New Deal" began after the rulers delayed several reform opportunities in the19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, China was beset with crises. 19 1 1 The climax of the anti-Qing revolution came just when the rulers of the Qing Dynasty could no longer rule as usual, so it was not the wishful thinking of professional revolutionaries such as Sun Yat-sen, as some extremists said, but artificially created.