Xinghua Village, Fenyang, Shanxi
Xinghua Village, the wine capital, is located on the north side of National Highway 307 in the north of Fenyang City, Shanxi Province. It is crossed by Qingyin Expressway and the national east-west railway trunk line. Bank of China Railway has built a passenger and cargo station and a large container yard here, making the transportation very convenient. Fenjiu is famous all over the world. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties more than 1,500 years ago, the Xinghua Village wine here has been famous in China. Moreover, Xinghua Village has been famous for its wine making and wine culture in the past dynasties. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, this place became the ancient capital of wine culture with "springs of wine in Xinghua Village" and "green curtains on every street". Historically, my country's famous literati and scholars Li Bai, Du Fu, Er Mu, Song Yanqing, Gu Yanwu, Fu Shan, Ba Jin, Guo Moruo, etc. all wrote poems praising it.
Today in Xinghua Village, the factory scenery is picturesque and wine flows like a fountain. The famous wines Fenjiu, Zhuyeqing, Baiyufen, Rose Fen and Beitejia have all entered the domestic and foreign markets and become the best wines. Xinghua Village Winery is experiencing its most prosperous period. There is a pavilion on the ancient well called Shenming Pavilion. According to ancient inscriptions, the well water "tastes like wine, sweet and clear." The water is used to make wine, which is fragrant and fragrant. It is the water source for Fenjiu and Bamboo Leaf Green Liquor.
Xinghua Village winemaking began in the Northern Wei Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,500 years. Literati from past dynasties wrote poems and carved steles praising the fine wines. The most popular hotel is the legendary "Zui Xianju" hotel. There was an old Taoist immortal, dressed in rags, who drank three times without paying a penny. He skillfully exhaled the fragrance and turned the water into wine, turning the ancient well into a sacred well. Xinghua Village is adjacent to Wenshui in the north and Fenyang in the south. It has a good natural environment and convenient transportation. Since the reform, the Fenyang Municipal Government has made great efforts to expand the popularity of Xinghua Village at home and abroad, and to make famous special wines (Fen Liquor, Zhuyeqing) more attractive, and has devoted great efforts to the four industries (service industry, catering industry, entertainment industry, and tourism industry). Construction has achieved remarkable results. It has the only independent Fenjiu Museum in the country, which houses more than 3,000 calligraphy and painting works by celebrities from all walks of life at home and abroad, and has built a "Liquor Capital Stele Gallery". Now, Xinghua Village, the wine capital, has a pleasant climate and comfortable environment, and is looking forward to the visit of guests.
(Note: The pictures shown in this entry are of Fenjiu Group in Xinghua Village, Fenyang, Shanxi.)
Research article on Xinghua Village, Fenyang, Shanxi
Shanxi Xinghua Research on the origin of the village name Huacun and its ancient environment
Abstract: According to the records and research in wine culture books of the past dynasties, almonds were needed for brewing Fenjiu in ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the need for winemaking, Fenzhou wineries widely planted apricot trees, so apricots The name of Hanamura has become a custom. The name of Xinghua Village originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties and is related to the ancient Fen wine craftsmanship, which has never changed for thousands of years. The ancient environment in the Xinghua Village area was very different from today's. The ancient Xinghua Village was located in the north of Guozha Town, and its geographical location was in line with the hygiene of wine making. Brewing requires clean water. The terrain of the Guxinghua Village area is high in the north and low in the south. It is located in the piedmont alluvial fan zone and is rich in groundwater resources.
When the name of Xinghua Village in Fenyang, Shanxi came from, there is a lack of clear records in local documents and insufficient research in modern times. The author has been paying attention to the origin and changes of the name Xinghua Village for several months, and found that the name Xinghua Village in Fenyang, Shanxi Province has been around for a long time and has never changed. The name Xinghua Village originated from the Tang and Song Dynasties and is related to the ancient Fen wine craftsmanship.
1. The name of Fenyang Xinghua Village originates from the craftsmanship of Fenjiu during the Tang and Song Dynasties.
In 1922, when the writer Xiao Xiang was collecting folk songs in Xinghua Village, Fenyang, he had already collected the oral history of local people: “In the Tang Dynasty, there were thousands of apricot trees in Xinghua Village, called Xinghua. "Wu." The author believes that the name of Shanxi Xinghua Village has been established in the Tang and Song Dynasties and is related to Fenjiu craftsmanship. The reason why Xinghua Village has “ten thousand trees with apricot blossoms” reflects its practical value rather than its ornamental value. 1 At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, it developed into lamb wine. Zhang Nengchen's "Jiu Mingji" of the Northern Song Dynasty recorded it as Fenzhou almond dew.
The "Beishan Wine Classic" of the Song Dynasty records the recipe of bamboo leaf green and lamb wine, and mentions the role of almonds in wine making many times, "Almond koji, one hundred pounds per side, make twelve taels of almonds, peeled Tip, soak the soup in a sand basin, grind it until it resembles milk, soak the almonds in two buckets or four liters of cold boiled water to make juice, and mix them into five parts." It shows that the winemaking in the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to almonds. The book specifically mentions that porcelain pots were used in the south and sand pots were used in the north, so almond koji mainly refers to the north. In Gao Lian's wine-making writings of the Ming Dynasty, it was further clarified: the formula of Fenzhou lamb wine is "fourteen taels of Qu, one pound of almonds". This means that at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, several famous medicinal wines Fenqing, lamb wine and almond dew produced in Fenzhou were inseparable from almonds.
There are naturally a lot of apricot trees near the winery, so people gradually call the winery village apricot flower village. This may be the origin of the word Xinghua Village becoming synonymous with wine village in the late Tang and early Song Dynasties. The author believes that the famous wine Fenqing produced in Fenzhou during the Northern Qi Dynasty may also be a health wine, so "the emperor drinks two cups every day". This health wine evolved into lamb wine and almond milk in the late Tang and early Song Dynasty, so the earliest Xinghua Village in China was Fenzhou makes sense. Three miles north of Guozha Town, Fenzhou, the old road between Fen and Tang Dynasty, is the Fenzhou Xinghuawu Winery. Since the Xinghuawu Winery is located on a high ground, passing merchants can see the apricot forest at a glance and naturally want to drink quickly. Among the poets of the late Tang Dynasty, four poets used the term Xinghua Village. These poets were all related to Shanxi. Two of them were from Fenyang, namely Xue Neng and Wen Tingjun (whose grandfather was named the Duke of Xihe County, Fenzhou). ), although some scholars have suggested that Xinghua Village gradually evolved into a poetic and wine connotation in the late Tang and early Song dynasties, the wine cultural connotation of the word "Xinghua Village" should have originated from this. Judging from the age of the poems, the Tang poems "Qingming" and "Xinghua Village" are the origins of this intention.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the government exported lamb wine to Britain, France and other countries as a Chinese specialty, and affixed the Xinghua Village trademark on the export bottles. There was also a couplet on the trademark: "Golden Horse Riding Fangcaodi; Yulou people are drunk in apricot flowers. "This is the first time that China has exported labels. It also confirms the existence of the name Xinghua Village in the Yuan Dynasty.
2 The apricot blossoms in Xinghua Village, Shanxi Province, bloom just in time for the Qingming Festival
It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival. Passers-by on the road want to die and ask where the restaurant is, and the shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village. People today are quite curious about what is the background of Du Mu's poem. The Anhui theory was popular in the past, and now the general theory is popular. Many scholars believe that Xinghua Village in the poem refers to a "village with blooming apricot flowers." The author still insists Shanxi said.
Judging from the combination of Qingming Festival and apricot blossoms, it cannot be in the south. Up to now, the apricot blossoms in Fenzhou still bloom during the Qingming Festival, while the apricot blossoms in Jiangnan bloom as early as February. The so-called apricot blossoms in February are far different from the Qingming Festival. Please see the statistics of apricot flowers in historical records:
Statistical table of the beginning of flowering of apricot flowers in the modern north of "Fenyang County Chronicles" and "Beijing Phenology Chronicles"
Many-year average date (Gregorian calendar) The earliest date is the latest The number of days between the late date and the average
The time when Fenyang apricot flowers begin to bloom is 4/6 4/3 4/10 7
The time when Beijing apricot flowers begin to bloom is 4/4 3/25 4/ 13 18
"Fenyang Foreign Trade Chronicle" records that "in the rocky mountainous area in the west of our county, domestic apricots and wild apricots have grown for many years. They were exported before liberation. After liberation, almonds became the main export commodity of our county." . The above data proves that the combination of "Qingming, apricot blossoms, village wine" comes from the north, so the author believes that "apricot blossoms, spring rain, Jiangnan" is another thing and has little connection with wine. In the late Qing Dynasty, Shanxi Juren recorded the oral history of wine workers in "Shen Ming Ting Ji". The Tang poem "Ask where the wine shop is, the shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village in the distance" is the origin of Shanxi Fenjiu Bamboo Leaf Green.
Until the Ming Dynasty, lamb wine was a specialty of Fenzhou. The book "Shi Ganzhu" compiled by Yangzhou people in the Ming Dynasty said that lamb wine was produced in Fenzhou and other counties. With the evolution of Fenjiu craftsmanship, it is said that Fu Shan reformed the craftsmanship of Zhuyeqing in the late Qing Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Perhaps since then, lamb wine has been lost, and almonds are no longer an ingredient in wine. For poor farmers, apricot trees are also It became redundant, so gradually there were no apricot trees in Xinghua Village.
So Du Mu’s poem about Xinghua Village during the Qingming Festival should also refer to Xinghuawu, the place where Fenzhou Qianhe wine was produced in Bingfen Tang Dynasty. For a detailed description of the Qing Dynasty, please refer to my article "A Study on the Exact Location of "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's Qingming Poems - Discussion with Mr. Lang Yongqing". (2005, 3 China Fangyu)
2. The evolution of the ancient Xinghua Village name during the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1. The evolution of the first names in the Xinghua Village area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties
The "Old Tang Book" records the system of the Tang Dynasty: "A hundred households are a li, and five li are a township. The interior of the county is divided into squares, and the outskirts are villages. Each village in the main square village has a chief, with a division supervisor." The Xinghua Village area had the famous Guozha Town in the Tang Dynasty. Guozha Town was located at the strategic point where the township chief was established. It was located two miles southeast of today's Xinghua Village, and the ancient Xinghua Village belonged to it. This situation lasted until the Yuan Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty, the name "Jinshan" appeared.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Lijia system was implemented to manage local affairs. One hundred and ten households were considered to be one li, and ten households were considered to be one jia. There are 11 villages, including 3 villages in Jinshannanli. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xinghua Village belonged to Jinshan Beili, and the head of the village may have lived in Xinghua Village.
This means that in the early Ming Dynasty, Zuishan was not the name of the village, but just the name of Lijia. At that time, due to the sparse population, a natural village did not have the concept of an administrative village. A single household can become an independent village, and three households can be called a small village. Villages are very unstable, so most county annals in the Ming and Qing Dynasties only record the first name. Due to the establishment of the name "Jinshan" in the early Ming Dynasty, the village of Jinshan gradually came into being. According to Wanli's "Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicles", there were already Jinshan South, Jinshan North and Jinshan Town in Fenyang Fort. It can be seen that the concept of Jinshan Village came into being around the Wanli Period, and it replaced the status of Guozha Town.
The origin of the name Jinshanli was the transformation of "Jingshan Pavilion" during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. According to Ming history, Shenming Pavilion was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, in the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), as a place for reading, clarifying principles, advocating good and suppressing evil, resolving minor disputes and lawsuits, and assisting in the administration of punishments. Where the Shenming Pavilion is set up, the Jingshan Pavilion must also be set up. Those who have a plan for county governance will probably indicate the location of the two pavilions. In fact, there are no records of Shenming Pavilion in Fenyang except for Xinghua Village. The south of Jingshan Pavilion was named Jinshan Nanli, and the north of Jingshan Pavilion was named Jinshan Beili. Gradually, Jinshan Village evolved. Coincidentally, the famous Jingsheng Village in the Wang Family Courtyard in Lingshi County also evolved from Jingshan Village. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, village and village were completely different concepts. Now many names of Ming and Qing villages have disappeared without a trace.
Despite this, we can still prove from other data that the place name of Shanxi Xinghua Village was still used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The best historical evidence is the "Shanxi Industrial Chronicle". The Yishun Kui Winery in the early years of Guangxu and the Sanshengkui Winery in the 34th year of Guangxu both clearly indicate the place of origin: Xinghua Village. There are many certificates for other poems and essays. First of all, there is a handwriting written by Mr. Fu Shan in Xinghua Village in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, "De Zao Hua Xiang". The ancients wrote in a different direction than today, so it should be pronounced "Xiang Hua Zao De", and Xiang Hua should refer to Apricot blossom. Secondly, "Fenyang County Chronicles" of the Qing Dynasty records the poem "Fen Jiu Qu" written by Cao Shugu, a Qing Dynasty native: "The dew brewing method is sparse in the Ganlu Hall, and the spring birds are urging the pot to be lifted when the workers are tired." A wine lover is a good companion for a spring horse. Have you ever been to the depths of the apricot blossoms? "Deep in Xinghua" refers to Xinghua Village. The third one is "Shen Ming Pavilion Jiuquan Ji" written by Shen Jizhuang in the Qing Dynasty. "Fen wine has the best reputation in the world, and Shen Ming Pavilion is the best. A Tang poem says: Where can I find a restaurant? The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village. It's all for this reason." Xinghua Village is also emphasized. Fourth, ancient folk songs such as "Fenzhou Prefecture, Fenyang City, and Xinghua Village thirty years from the city" and "Perfect Xinghua Village" also mention Xinghua Village.
2 Fenyang Xinghua Village is different from southern gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Du Mu’s "Qingming" poem has a very high cultural value of wine, which has triggered questions about the time and date of the creation of the poem. There are many disputes about the location, especially about the exact location of "Xinghua Village". There is a lot of controversy about where exactly it is. Several Xinghua Villages have appeared across the country. In fact, Xinghua Village in Shanxi is different from Xinghua Village in other places.
Private gardens in the south flourished during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although they were created by people, they seemed to open from the sky, supplemented by the sentiment of ancient literati's poems, making them as poetic as picturesque. Therefore, there are several Daoxiang Villages and Xinghua Villages in the south of the Yangtze River, and there are also twelve scenic spots. They are probably just using wine to increase the aesthetic effect. In fact, "Jiangnan Tongzhi" of the Qing Dynasty also made it very clear that it was "named because of Tang poetry." In other words, they borrowed the name of the village from Tang poems and created several beautiful gardens to satisfy the masturbation of several scholars who wanted to "live in a quiet village with flowers, wine, and wine". From an aesthetic point of view, apricot trees are rarely used as the main scenery of gardens, especially in the south. It is common to occasionally add one or two trees.
Xinghuawu in Fenyang Ancient Village is not a garden, but a winery. The thousand-acre apricot forest there is not for viewing but for wine making. There are no flowers there, because the flowering period of apricot flowers is very short, and the rickety apricot trees are not worth seeing. There are only the hard work of wine workers and the lingering fragrance of wine lees. Director Zhang Yimou has made a movie called "Red Sorghum". The naked and sweaty scene is probably the true face of Xinghua Village during the agricultural civilization period.
Xinghua Village in Shanxi is not a garden, so the winegrowers naturally have no time to appreciate poetry. Taking exams to determine one's status and being a romantic has nothing to do with people's livelihood, and naturally it has nothing to do with the wine workers of Xinghua Village. Therefore, Shanxi Xinghua Village has less historical materials and more folk stories.
3. Historical records of the name of Fenyang Xinghua Village during the Republic of China
1. Records of the village name
The newspaper record was written by the writer Xiao Xiang in 1922 Ta Kung Pao published a travelogue titled "Xinghua Village Sung by Poets," which wrote: "It turns out that Xinghua Village is a village in Fenyang, Shanxi, about thirty miles away from the county seat."
The writer also said with emotion: "I originally wanted to use the wine in Xinghua Village to eliminate my long-standing blockade. Who knows that this Xinghua Village, which has had a population that has been growing for hundreds of years, has nothing but a myth told by the villagers here? In addition, I can't find any information for people to rely on, or records that are recognized as reference in history and culture." This document shows that during the Republic of China, Xinghua Village was referred to as Fenyang Xinghua Village among the people.
It can be seen in historical records. The "Shanxi Manufacturing Yearbook" of the Republic of China recorded that "Fen Liquor from Yiquanyong Brewing Factory in Fenyang Xinghua Village, Panama in 1915" Won a gold medal”. Chapter 68 of the "Geography of Shanxi Province in Greater China" published in the 8th year of the Republic of China introduces the products of Fenyang County: "Fen wine is famous all over the world, and the wine brewed in Xinghua Village is especially good." Mr. Guo Shouqian's introduction to the Republic of China classics about Fenyang collected from Japan is also: "The first brewery in Fenyang is Yiquanyong in Xinghua Village. This factory sells throughout the country. The raw materials are obtained from Xinghua Village in this county and is famous all over the world." "Fenyang Legacy" written by squire Liu Tiancheng during the Republic of China records that "Xinghua Village has many wineries". These documents indicate that during the Republic of China, the official name of Xinghua Village also referred to Xinghua Village in Fenyang, Shanxi.
But on the maps of the Republic of China, and even on the "Shanxi Map" published relatively early after liberation, the area around Xinghua Village in Fenyang was named "Jinshan Village". What's going on? Some people explained based on folk stories that Xinghua Village was renamed "Jinshan Village" after King Li Chuang "relyed on his horse to write a book and perfected it". In fact, the above views are misunderstandings caused by not clarifying the relationship between Xinghua Village and Jinshan Village. Xinghua Village and Jinshan Village are not the same village. Because they are very close to each other and because Jinshan is the seat of the township, some maps from the Republic of China marked Jinshan Village.
So, what was the relationship between Jinshan Village and Xinghua Village during the Republic of China? The following historical information can illustrate that the two were not the same village.
Table 2. Fenyang winery listed in "Shanxi Industrial Chronicle" in the 25th year of the Republic of China:
Factory name, location, establishment time, organization of employees
Yishun Kuixing Huacun was a joint venture in the early years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty 14
Dehou became a joint venture in Jinshan Village in the third year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty 15
Yiquanyong was a joint venture in Jinshan Village in the 23rd year of Guangxu 14
The Thirty-Fourth Year of Sansheng Kuixinghua Village
From the historical data above, perfection is perfection, and Xinghua is Xinghua. During the Republic of China, the district and township system was implemented. Jinshan Township was established in the Xinghua Village area, and Jinshan Village was located in it. It managed more than ten natural villages, one of which was Xinghua Village. Due to population growth, Xinghua Village, a small village in the north of Jinshan, gradually became one village with Jinshan, and the people mixed the two, creating a situation of two people in one village.
Chuang Wang wrote: "The mellow Fenjiu is dedicated to the heroes, and all the people support the rebels. The inscription left by Chuang Wang is here to perfect Xinghua Village." Historical data shows that King Chuang did pass through Xinghua Village when he entered Beijing, and he would definitely drink. However, the so-called "Zhishanmei Xinghua Village" was just King Chuang who linked the names of the two villages together. King Chuang did not invent King Chuang, and Xinghua Village did not do anything for it. This name change.
2 Survey on the location of ancient Xinghua Village in the Republic of China
The article "Xinghua Village West Fort" in the second volume of "Visits of Fenzhou" introduces the location of ancient Xinghua Village: "There were originally three places in the area The village's name is Maolin Village, commonly known as Mao'er Village, and its general area is the northern part of the village. The locals mistakenly call it Xiuhua Village. According to "Fenyang Heritage", there are many wineries in Xinghua Village. head". "Xinghua Village East Fort": ""Fenyang Legacy" records that Xinghua Village is in the northwest, with many wineries in front and the well water in Xinghua Village is sweet."
The ruins of Xinghua Village in the Republic of China are located in the north of today's Xinghua Town. There are two sacred wells in Hedong and Hexi. The old site of Yiquanyong is still left in the east. On the lintel of the gate, there are three characters "Xinghua Village" carved in late Qing Dynasty bricks, and on the wall There is an ancient monument after the Panama Games.
4. Research on the location and scale of ancient Xinghua Village
The ancient Xinghua Village is located in the north of Guozha Town, and its geographical location is in line with the hygiene of wine making. Brewing requires clean water. The Xinghua Village area is high in the north and low in the south. It is located in the piedmont alluvial fan zone and is rich in groundwater resources. He Mingqing's Jinshanli in Guozha Town in the Tang Dynasty was located on a traffic thoroughfare and had a large population. Therefore, in order to ensure that the water source of Xinghua Village was not polluted by residents, the population naturally concentrated towards the south over time. Xinghua Village Winery The pattern of northward movement. Xinghua Village has been a wine-making base since ancient times, which is why Xinghua Village is located in the north.
The national population in the Tang Dynasty was only tens of millions, and the population of ancient Xinghua Village was very small. The "extremely deserted place" in Tang poetry is a reflection of the historical environment.
The wine shop is a highly polluted place. Although the aroma of wine drifts from time to time in the alleys, smelling the smell of wine for a long time is not a problem. The pollution of the winery is, first, the pollution of the atmosphere, the second is the accumulation of distiller's grains, and the third is the discharge of sewage from the winery. It is still difficult to remove the sewage from the Fen Distillery today, not to mention the ancient times when production conditions were backward. It is conceivable that the rich and wealthy people at that time did not live in Xinghua Village, and banquets were not arranged in the wine shop. Therefore, I think there were almost no human settlements around Xinghua Village at that time. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the population growth With the growth, a new residential area, Jinshan Village, was gradually formed between Guozha Town and Xinghua Village. This is why, in the late Ming Dynasty, Mr. Fu Shan inscribed the name Xinghua Village and wrote the poem "Drinking wine will improve the village, with the intention of clarifying". Only the poor wine workers known as Jiujizi would live in Xinghua Village for a long time, which is one of the reasons why Xinghua Village was so small in ancient times. In addition, the level of agricultural production in the feudal era was limited, the government focused on agriculture over commerce, and the transportation methods were relatively backward. No matter how many wineries there were, the scale of production was extremely limited. Until the Republic of China, when capitalism developed and Fenjiu was sold all over the country, the winery was no bigger than a courtyard. This is another reason why Xinghua Village has been a small village for a long time.
Today, the population of Xinghua Village in Fenyang has grown to tens of thousands, and it has annexed several surrounding villages. However, at the beginning of liberation, the population of Fenyang was only 120,000. The environment of Xinghua Village has undergone tremendous changes. No wonder it is difficult for us to find ancient towns.
Xinghua Village is a place where wine is made. In ancient times, there were only wineries and the fragrance of wine. There would never be any fragrance of flowers or gardens. Except for the occasional chants of poets after drinking, it was the sweat and poverty of the wine workers. According to reports, It is recorded that during the Republic of China, the monthly salary of Fenjiu workers was only 4 yuan. That's why the writer Xiao Xiang lamented that "this Xinghua Village, which has had a huge population for hundreds of years, can't find any information for people to pay tribute to." In fact, it's not that there is nothing, it's just that the writer didn't find it. Gujing Pavilion already existed at that time.
5. Conclusion
Shanxi Xinghua Village originated in the Tang Dynasty. Since almonds were needed for the Fenzhou health wine Fenqing, lamb and almond dew at that time, apricots were widely sold near the winery. Tree, over time the name of the village became customary. Later, with the changes in Fenjiu wine craftsmanship, almonds were no longer used as a raw material for brewing. The apricot trees in Xinghua Village lost their protection and gradually disappeared. The name of the village was gradually passed down as Embroidery Village, and was replaced by the name of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The name of Xinghua Village has always existed. After liberation, Xinghua Village was established, and the name of Xinghua Village was changed from the village name to the town name.
During the writing process of this article, I received the careful guidance of Professor Wang Guoliang of Shanxi Normal University and the enthusiastic help of Mr. Zhang Zhiliu of Shanxi Xinghua Village Fen Distillery. I would like to express my gratitude here.
Reference materials
1 Xiao Xiang, Xinghua Village sung by poets, Xinghua Village Collected Works [M] Volume 1, Beijing Publishing House, 1992
2 Jiang Ground, a preliminary study on the history of Fenjiu, the first volume of Xinghua Village Anthology compiled by Wen Jingming and Liu Jing'an [M], Beijing Publishing House, 1992
3 Zhang Lixin, Xibao of Xinghua Village, vicissitudes of Fenzhou compiled by Wang Kairen and Liu Ruixiang [M ] Volume 2, Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, 2003
4 Li Yumin, Ma Xiamin Dianjie, Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicles [M], Shanxi People's Publishing House, 1994
5 Fenyang County Chronicles Office, Fenyang County Chronicles [M], Phenology Volume Foreign Trade Volume, Haichao Publishing House 1998
6 Hou Tingliang, On the Feasibility of Developing Jingsheng Ancient Town, Cultural Relics World [J], 2007, 1
7 Guo Shuangwei, The Culture of Fenjiu [M], Shanxi Publishing House 2004
Origin of village-name abaut Shanxi Xinghua Village
LV Shi-hong
< p>(The Institute of Urban and Environment Shanxi Teachers'Universty,Linfen,041004 China)Abstract:Tim