Longling County, where Longling yellow goats are produced, is 98% mountainous, with a forest coverage rate of 67.85%, abundant rainfall, bushes and rich plant species. In 1984, there were 636 species of plants in 135 families collected from the investigation of grassland resources in Longling County, which was suitable for the breeding of Longling yellow goats. There is a folk saying that "Miss Yang (sheep) lives in Yang (sheep) building, eats Chinese herbal medicine and drinks mineral water". The formation of Longling Huangshan mutton has the characteristics of tender quality, small smell and rich nutrition, which is deeply favored by consumers. Longling County has a long history of breeding yellow goats. According to the Records of Longling County, it was raised in Mucheng, Xiangda, Tianning, Longxin and Pingda during the Republic of China. The local people have a habit of raising sheep, which is also one of the main sources of family income. Sheep manure can be used as a high-quality fertilizer for the development of planting in mountainous areas. Raising sheep is closely related to the lives of the people and is also a social condition for the survival and development of Longling yellow goats. Under the special local natural environment, social and economic conditions, Longling Yellow Goat, an excellent local goat genetic resource, has been formed through long-term natural selection and artificial selection. In 198, the Yunnan Provincial Animal Husbandry Bureau organized a survey of livestock and poultry breed resources in the whole province, and found that this breed had unique appearance characteristics and excellent production performance, which attracted the attention of relevant leaders and experts. Because its coat was yellow-brown or brown, it was named "Longling Yellow Goat". Longling Huangshan Sheep was published in China Livestock Breeds and Their Ecological Characteristics in 1985, Yunnan Livestock and Poultry Breeds in 1987 and China Goat in 1988. Its variety was listed in the Catalogue of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources in China in 28, and in 29, it was identified as the List of Provincial Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Protection in Yunnan Province (Announcement No.15 of Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture in 29). Longling yellow goat has strong stress resistance and rough feeding resistance; Stable heredity and high reproduction rate; Rapid growth and development, high slaughter rate; The meat is tender and the smell is small. In order to protect this fine variety resource, the animal husbandry department of Longling County has carried out species conservation and breeding of this variety since the early 198s, and started systematic breeding of this variety in 1987. With the strong support of the central government, provincial and municipal departments, the construction project of breeding sheep base in Yunnan Province was implemented from 1991 to 1994. From 1994 to 1998, Yunnan's "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and "Ninth Five-Year Plan" key scientific and technological projects were carried out to select varieties; From 1996 to 1999, the continuation project of Huangshan goat seed supply base was implemented, and the core goat breeding farm of Longling County was established. In 21-22, the development project of planting grass and raising sheep was implemented, and the breeding bases of Mengbang and Wumushan were established. From 23 to 25, he participated in the implementation of the project "Yunnan Meat Goat Breeding and Research and Application of Supporting Techniques"; From 25 to 27, he participated in the implementation of the project "Research and integrated demonstration of key technologies of Yunnan mutton sheep and beef cattle industrialization"-the sub-project "Integration and demonstration of efficient breeding technology of yellow goats in Longling County"; In 25, Yunnan Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision issued the Comprehensive Standards for Breeding Longling Yellow Goat (Yunnan local standards DB53/T 142.1 ~ 142.6 _ 25), which came into effect on October 1, 25. Through long-term efforts, several generations of animal husbandry and veterinary technicians have continuously purified, rejuvenated and improved Longling Yellow Goat, forming a local excellent meat variety with consistent appearance characteristics, stable genetic performance and greatly improved production performance. In Longling County, an improved breeding system with Longling County Yellow Goat core breeding farm as the leader, expanded breeding base as the core and specialized sheep farmers as the basis has been established, which has the ability to provide high-quality breeding sheep in batches. In 24, the embryo engineering and industrialization project of improved meat goat won the second prize of Yunnan Science and Technology Award, in 25, the development project of artificial grass and sheep raising in Longling County won the third prize of Yunnan Science and Technology Award, and in 211, Longling Huangshan goat was rated as one of the six famous sheep in Yunnan by Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture.
Longling Yellow Goat is an excellent local breed with both skin and meat, which was formed by long-term natural selection and artificial selection under the special natural environment of Longling. The body is reddish brown, and the dorsal line from the posterior occipital fossa to the caudal root is black. Strong adaptability and tolerance to extensive feeding management. Big body, fast growth, easy fattening and high slaughter rate. Adult rams weigh more than 5 kilograms, and one-year-old rams can reach 4 kilograms. The meat is tender and the smell is less; The board has a large area and a fine, solid and dense texture. It has been recorded in books such as Yunnan Herd Variety Records and China Goat, and ranked fourth among the nine meat goat breeds recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, China Village and Town Information Newspaper and Herd Magazine. The breeding base of Longling Yellow Goat has been basically established, with 42 groups of nuclear population and more than 1,46 breeding sheep, which are distributed among 1,61 farmers in 126 societies in 86 villages of 12 townships in the county. Good results have been achieved in the purification and rejuvenation of varieties. There are 247 breeding groups and more than 5,4 goats. There are more than 35, goats in the county, of which 76% are Huangshan goats.
advantages and disadvantages of germplasm resources: large body, fast growth and easy to fertilize. High slaughter rate, strong heat and moisture resistance, large board area, solid and dense texture. The reproductive rate is low.
geographical scope
the breeding areas of Longling yellow goats are 1 towns in Longling county, Baoshan city, Yunnan province, including Longshan town, Zhen 'an town, Longjiang town, Longxing town, Xiangda town, Pingda town, Lameng town, Bizhai town, Mengnuo town and Mucheng town. The geographical coordinates are: 98 25'-99 11' east longitude, 24 7'-24 5' north latitude, with a horizontal distance of 64km from east to west and a vertical distance of 78km from north to south, with a breeding area of 2,884 square kilometers and a population of 8,.
product quality characteristics
1. External sensory characteristics: Wool color of Longling Huangshan Mountain is yellow-brown or brown. Ram has long black hair on his forehead, a mustache under his jaw, a black topline from the pillow to the tail, and a circle of black nape from the shoulder blade to the chest intersecting the topline in a cross shape (commonly known as "collar coat"), while ewe has no collar coat. Body shape: Longling Yellow Goat is symmetrical and compact in structure, strong in constitution, long in body and well-developed in hindquarters. The whole body shape is barrel-shaped, and it has male ferocity. Head: moderate size, short and wide forehead, straight nose, big eyes and spirit. With or without horns, the horns grow upward and backward in an inverted figure of eight. Neck: Ram is thicker, ewe is medium, and it is well combined with shoulders. Ram has long black hair on its neck. Body: The back and waist are straight, the chest is wide and deep, the rump is plump and moderately inclined, the ewe's abdomen is large and full without sagging, the breasts are large and soft, the size of is moderate, the left and right sides are symmetrical, the ram is large and symmetrical, and the vertical length is moderate. Limbs: the limbs are strong, the limbs are correct and the hoof is solid. 2. Intrinsic quality index: Longling yellow goat mutton is rich in flavor, its meat is tender and juicy, its smell is small, it tastes fragrant but not greasy when eaten, its soup is milky white and rich in nutrition. Among them, the protein content is ≥17_, the crude fat content is ≤2_, the water content is ≤77_, and the total amount of amino acids is ≥15_. 3. Quality and safety requirements: The production and sales of products must comply with the Law on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, the Law on Animal Epidemic Prevention and other relevant laws and regulations, and the product quality is strictly in accordance with GB/T9961-28 Fresh and Frozen Carcass Mutton.