What effect does ozone have on people?
Ozone has a disinfecting effect. Ozone, also known as oxygen-rich oxygen, trioxygen, and superoxide, is one of the strongest oxidants known to be available. It can oxidize the protein shells of bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. Denaturation, thereby killing bacterial propagules and spores, viruses, fungi, etc.
Ozone’s killing rate for Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus is over 99%, and it can also kill hepatitis viruses, cold viruses, etc. Ozone has outstanding sterilization, disinfection, and pesticide degradation effects, and is considered an efficient and broad-spectrum fungicide.
Ozone can sterilize and purify the air, prevent cross-infection of diseases, and remove odors in bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, etc. Ozone gas has the effects of sterilizing, disinfecting, preventing mildew, and removing dust mites on indoor bedding, clothing, carpets, wardrobes, shoe cabinets, coins, etc.
The most suitable way to use ozone for disinfection and sterilization is to dissolve ozone in water to form so-called "ozone water". Some developed countries in Europe and the United States call "ozone water" "universal water".
"Ozone water" sterilizes bacteria many times faster than chlorine. In daily life, using "ozone water" to sterilize and disinfect underwear, diapers, bags, etc. used by women and children can have particularly obvious effects.
"Ozonated water" can sterilize, disinfect, preserve and remove odors on fruits, vegetables and meat. It also has the function of degrading phosphorus-containing pesticides remaining on the surfaces of fruits, vegetables. We can also use "ozone water" to clean and maintain the skin to reduce the damage caused by cosmetics to the skin.
Using "ozone water" to apply cold compresses and soak burns, cuts, and bruises can speed up wound healing and prevent infection; using "ozone water" to soak can prevent skin diseases and athlete's foot caused by fungi. ; Washing your hair with "ozone water" can remove dirt from the pores of your hair and reduce hair loss. Scientific use is harmless. According to experts, the safety and environmental protection of ozone have been recognized, and its application technology is quite mature. Gray? br>When used scientifically, ozone will not cause harm to human health.
In many countries, ozone is widely used in disinfection of drinking water, air purification, food processing, medical care, aquaculture and other fields. In 1902, Paderborn, Germany built the first large-scale water plant that used ozone to treat water quality, pioneering ozone water treatment.
Now, there are thousands of ozone water plants in the world. The application of ozone in water plants in European and American countries has reached a popular level, and almost all mineral water and purified water manufacturers are equipped with ozone equipment.
The United States has been using ozone to treat domestic sewage since the early 1970s, mainly to achieve sterilization, disinfection, removal of pollutants, decolorization, etc. to meet emission standards. Japan treats sewage with ozone and uses it as reclaimed water in water-scarce areas.
The United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries have all established large-scale ozone sewage treatment plants in recent years. Ozone is still in the industrial field? hiss? ぁ⑹? Ting ⒃ 熘 Jian ⒎ noisy? Oupu? ⑾Confused? br>Industry, the application of ozone in the food industry is more popular.
A Swedish beef company applies ozone to the storage and preservation of beef, and it has been used since 1870. As early as 1904, Europe was using ozone to preserve milk, meat products, cheese, protein and other foods.
In the late 1930s, 80% of refrigerated egg warehouses in the United States were equipped with ozone generators. Recently, European and American countries have applied ozone to all aspects of storage, manufacturing, and transportation in the preservation of fruits and vegetables.
In terms of medical treatment, Japan used ozone for human body physiotherapy as early as World War II. At present, ozone has many uses in medical and health care, such as air disinfection in wards and operating rooms, using "ozone water" to disinfect medical instruments, using ozone to treat dental diseases, using ozone combined with radiation therapy to treat cancer, and drinking "ozone water" "Water" is used to treat women's diseases, and ozone gas injection is used to treat fistulas, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, etc.
In terms of health care, it is popular in Japan to inhale "strong air" (air containing low concentrations of ozone) to strengthen the body, and use ozonated water to shower the body to kill bacteria and beautify the body. Ozone can kill viruses and bacteria without harming healthy cells of the human body because the latter have a powerful balanced enzyme system.
As long as ozone is used scientifically, ozone is not dangerous to human health.
In fact, since ozone has been used for more than 100 years, there has not been a single fatal accident due to ozone poisoning in the world.
In addition, there is now a saying that while ozone is disinfecting, it can also "kill" vitamins in fruits and vegetables and other components that are beneficial to the human body; however, it has been confirmed by testing by the Environmental Health Monitoring Institute of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine. , using qualified ozone equipment to work normally and soaking fruits and vegetables for 10 to 15 minutes will have no obvious impact on the vitamin C in fruits and vegetables. Blind abuse of ozone will also damage lifespan. The scientific use of ozone will not cause harm to human health, but if ozone is blindly abused for "detoxification" without restraint, it is not something to sit back and relax.
Ozone itself is a non-toxic and safe gas, and its "toxicity" mainly refers to its strong oxidizing ability. Experts believe that when the ozone concentration is higher than 1.5ppm, personnel must leave the scene because ozone can damage the human respiratory system and, in severe cases, can cause harm.
At present, many countries and organizations have formulated safety and health standards for people in ozone gas environments. The product of its concentration and contact time can be regarded as the benchmark point: the International Ozone Association’s standard is: 0.1ppm , contact for 10 hours; American standard: 0.1ppm, contact for 8 hours; standards of Germany, France, Japan and other countries: 0.1ppm, contact for 10 hours; Chinese standard: 0.15ppm, contact for 8 hours. Reports indicate that people with a sensitive sense of smell can detect ozone when the concentration is 0.02 ppm.
The concentration of 0.15ppm is the critical value of smell, and most people can smell it. When the concentration reaches 1~10ppm, it is called the *** range, and above 10ppm is the poisoning limit.
There are also reports that when the human body is exposed to a high concentration of ozone environment, symptoms such as skin and eye irritation, difficulty breathing, coughing and headache may occur; longer exposure time may also cause transient Abnormal lung function can cause lung tissue damage; people with allergies may also cause chronic lung disease and even permanent damage such as pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, experts remind consumers that when purchasing an ozone generator, they must check the product's safety inspection certificate and sterilization and sterilization report.
Moreover, the more ozone produced, the better. It is more suitable to produce 200 mg/cubic meter of ozone per hour. For household use, the ozone should generally not exceed 400 mg/cubic meter per hour. It takes about 60 minutes to make drinking water with an ozone machine, and another 15 minutes will pass.
What is an ozone hole? Causes and dangers?
The ozone hole refers to the phenomenon of destruction and reduction of the atmospheric ozone layer due to the diffusion and erosion of air pollutants. The ozone layer is located 20-25 kilometers above the ground. It is a protective layer against solar radiation and ultraviolet rays and protects the earth's biosphere. The most effective "protective umbrella". In 1982, scientists first discovered a decrease in ozone over the Antarctic. Later, similar ozone holes were discovered over the Arctic and high altitudes over Tibet. The cause of the ozone hole: a substance widely used as a refrigerant, aerosol, Chlorocarbons in chemical preparations such as foaming agents are the "culprit" in the reduction of ozone. In addition, cold is also the key to the thinning of the ozone layer, which is why ozone holes first appeared in the coldest regions of the Arctic and Antarctic regions of the earth. Data show that, The ozone hole is still likely to continue to expand. It will take at least 20 years to significantly recover the Antarctic ozone layer, and the true oxygen hole will not be completely eliminated until 2050. It refers to air pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides and halogenated oxygen. The diffusion and erosion of aerosol pollutants such as hydrocarbons cause the destruction and reduction of the atmospheric ozone layer. The cause of the ozone hole: A large number of chlorofluorocarbons used in chemical preparations such as refrigerants, sprays, and foaming agents are responsible for causing ozone The "culprit" for the decrease. In addition, cold is also the key to the thinning of the ozone layer. This is why ozone holes first appeared in the coldest regions of the Earth's Arctic and Antarctic. Ozone holes have threatened human survival for more than 10 years. According to research by scientists, in the atmosphere For every 1% decrease in ozone, the ultraviolet rays hitting the ground increase by 2%, and human skin cancer increases by 3%. People are also attacked by diseases such as cataracts, immune system defects, and developmental arrest. Now living in Chile, which is closer to Antarctica Residents of Cape Helena at the southern end have already experienced the pain. As long as they step out of their homes, they must apply sunscreen on the skin that cannot be covered by clothes and wear sunglasses. Otherwise, their skin will turn bright pink in half an hour. , accompanied by itching and pain; the sheep often suffer from cataracts and are almost completely blind. It is said that the rabbits there are completely blind. Hunters can easily pick up the rabbit ears and take them home. The fresh fish caught in the river are also blind fish. By extension, if the ozone layer is completely destroyed, the sun's ultraviolet rays will kill all terrestrial life, mankind will also be "annihilated", and the earth will become a barren land without any life. It can be seen that the hole in the ozone layer has It threatens human survival. In 1987, major industrial countries signed the Montreal Convention, requiring the gradual cessation of the use of chemicals that harm the ozone layer. And now, a healthier third-generation refrigerant has emerged, which is ammonia. Ammonia It is a naturally occurring substance composed of hydrogen and nitrogen elements and has minimal impact on the environment.
What is ozone?
Ozone, also known as triatomic oxygen, is named after its fish-like odor. Its molecular formula is O3, which is an allotrope of oxygen and has its own unique properties:
1. Under natural conditions, it is a light blue gas;
2 .It has a fishy smell similar to that after lightning;
3. Under standard pressure and normal temperature, its solubility in water is 13 times that of oxygen;
4. Ozone is more toxic than air Heavier, 1.658 times that of air;
5. Ozone has a strong oxidizing power and is one of the strongest oxidants known;
6. Under normal circumstances, ozone is extremely Unstable and easy to decompose into oxygen;
7. Ozone molecules are diamagnetic and can easily combine with an electron to become a negative ion molecule;
8. The half-life of ozone in the air is generally 20 -50 minutes, which accelerates as the temperature and humidity increase;
9. The half-life of ozone in water is about 35 minutes, which varies with water quality and water temperature;
10. The half-life of ozone in water is about 35 minutes. It is extremely stable in ice and has a half-life of 2000 years.
Uses
Used for water disinfection and air ozonation, and as a strong oxidant in the chemical industry.
Preparation or source
The main ozone production technologies are: electrolysis, nuclear radiation, ultraviolet, plasma and corona discharge. The most widely used ozone generator is to discharge and oxidize air or pure oxygen into ozone. That is, high-energy interactive current is applied to oxygen in the air to ionize oxygen molecules to form ozone.
Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen. At normal temperature, it is a blue gas with a special odor.
What is ozone?
Ozone (O?), also known as superoxide, is an allotrope of oxygen (O?). At room temperature, it is a light blue gas with a special odor. Ozone mainly exists in the ozone layer in the lower stratosphere 20 to 35 kilometers away from the earth's surface. Under normal temperature and pressure, it has poor stability and can decompose into oxygen by itself. Ozone has the smell of grass. Inhaling a small amount is beneficial to the human body. Inhaling excessive amounts is harmful to human health (non-flammable, pure substance). Oxygen can be converted into ozone through electric shock.
Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen. At normal temperature, it is a light blue gas with a special odor
. The English word ozone comes from the Greek word ozon, which means "smell".
Ozone mainly exists in the ozone layer in the lower stratosphere 20 kilometers away from the earth's surface, with a content of about 50ppm. It absorbs short-wave ultraviolet rays that are harmful to the human body and prevents them from reaching the earth to shield organisms on the earth's surface from ultraviolet rays.
In the atmosphere, oxygen molecules are decomposed into oxygen atoms (O) due to high-energy radiation, and the oxygen atoms combine with another oxygen molecule to form ozone. Ozone will react with oxygen atoms, chlorine or other free substances to decompose and disappear. Due to this repeated generation and disappearance, the ozone content can be maintained at a certain equilibrium state.
What is the function of ozone?
The effects of the ozone layer are crucial to life on earth, but these effects are not related to each other, and some effects are detrimental to humans.
1. Absorb ultraviolet-B band ultraviolet light
In the solar spectrum, ultraviolet light and visible light can reach the earth's surface, among which the ultraviolet-B band ultraviolet light can be absorbed by O3 . The wavelength range of ultraviolet-B band ultraviolet light is 240~320nm, and the ultraviolet wavelength range is 200~400nm. Ultraviolet rays can promote the synthesis of vitamin D in human skin, which plays a beneficial role in the formation and protection of bone tissue, but ultraviolet-B Excessive exposure to belts can cause skin cancer, immune system and eye diseases, and is also harmful to animals and plants. Therefore, the ozone layer can absorb ultraviolet-B band ultraviolet light, thus protecting life on earth. The ozone layer allows visible light in sunlight to pass through and absorbs more than 99% of harmful ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, some people call the ozone layer the "protector", "protective umbrella" or "ozone barrier" of life on earth. This is beneficial to the ozone layer. affim.
2. The ozone layer causes temperature inversion
Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which inevitably increases the temperature, which causes the stratosphere to heat up, causing the temperature of the stratosphere to rise with altitude. High, causing temperature inversion. This temperature inversion phenomenon is the same as the tropospheric temperature inversion phenomenon, which increases the stability of the atmosphere, meaning that it is difficult for the upper and lower convection of the atmosphere to proceed. The waste products discharged from the atmosphere mix very slowly in the vertical direction, but their propagation and horizontal propagation are It is relatively fast and can spread to all longitudes on the earth in about a week, and can reach all latitudes within a few months. Therefore, those substances that damage the ozone layer will spread around the world no matter where they are emitted. Therefore, like CO2, the problem of the ozone layer has also become a global problem. If any country or region wants to protect the ozone layer above it, it must Powerless.
3. Ozone is a greenhouse gas
The issue of greenhouse effect has been discussed in the previous section. O3 is also a greenhouse gas. It absorbs in the wavelength range of the atmospheric window. O3 in the troposphere The increase will contribute to the increase in atmospheric temperature. Therefore, the increase in O3 concentration in the troposphere close to the ground will cause the greenhouse effect to strengthen, which is an adverse effect on humans.
4. Ozone formed by photochemical smog
Photochemical smog is a secondary pollutant formed by exhaust gas emitted by cars and other vehicles under the action of sunlight. O3 is also one of the main components of photochemical smog. First, it will cause damage to the human respiratory system and harm animals and plants. Therefore, at the bottom of the troposphere, the increased q concentration in local areas will cause increased atmospheric pollution.
What is the ozone layer
The stratosphere is located about 10-50 kilometers above the ground, but most of the ozone in the atmosphere is concentrated about 25-30 kilometers above the ground. In the stratosphere, it is called the "ozone layer".
Although it is called a layer, in fact, the distribution of ozone is not uniform everywhere, and the total content of ozone in the atmosphere is very small, less than 1ppm. This extremely thin layer of ozone is very important to life on earth, because ozone can absorb ultraviolet rays in sunlight and convert these short-wavelength and potentially lethal radiation into heat energy, with only a very small amount reaching the surface.
Ultraviolet rays can damage biological molecules including DNA, increase the risk of skin cancer and cataracts, and are related to many immune system diseases. In addition, ultraviolet rays can have negative impacts on crops and even marine ecosystems.
However, this important layer of ozone has been severely damaged, and the situation is getting worse year by year.
What is the ozone layer
1. Reason: There is a protective film on the earth that exists in the atmosphere surrounding the earth, which is the ozone layer. The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet rays from the earth and protects it. No living thing on earth will be harmed. Humans have created a large number of substances that can destroy the ozone layer, causing damage to the ozone layer at the North and South Poles of the Earth.
2. Impact: The destruction of the ozone layer causes an increase in ultraviolet rays on the earth. Ultraviolet rays can damage biological molecules including DNA, increase the chance of skin cancer and cataracts, and are related to many immune system diseases. Plankton in the ocean are fatally affected and marine ecosystems are damaged. Crop yields decrease. Strengthen the greenhouse effect.
3. What we should do: When using chlorofluorocarbons, when buying air conditioners, refrigerators, cars, sprays, etc., you should choose products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons.
4. Supplementary information: Most of the ozone in the atmosphere is concentrated in the upper stratosphere, about 25 to 30 kilometers above the ground, called the "ozone layer." Although it is named a layer, in fact, the distribution of ozone is not uniform everywhere, and the total content of ozone in the atmosphere is very small, less than 1ppm. This extremely thin layer of ozone is very important to life on earth, because ozone can absorb ultraviolet rays in the sun. These ultraviolet rays have very short wavelengths and contain lethal and dangerous radiation. It can only convert these ultraviolet rays into heat energy. A small amount can reach the surface.
Since ozone maintains a dynamic balance with oxygen, oxygen atoms and other ultraviolet rays in the stratosphere, the oxygen consumption and upward emissions in major parts of the biosphere may participate in or affect such reactions (including O3 ═O2+O′+2O3═3O2) substances (such as chlorine atoms) may threaten the ozone content of the "ozone layer". It is therefore very important to call for energy conservation and emission reduction, afforestation, and conscious maintenance of the ecological environment.
Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen (made up of the same elements but with a different molecular structure.) As the name suggests, ozone also has a pungent odor, hence its bad reputation. In the area between 10 kilometers and 50 kilometers in the atmosphere, ozone has a considerable concentration, which is called the ozone layer.
After the ozone layer has been greatly depleted, its ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation has been greatly weakened, resulting in a significant increase in ultraviolet B reaching the earth's surface, which has caused many harms to human health and the ecological environment. It has been widely recognized by people. The main areas of concern include impacts on human health, terrestrial plants, aquatic ecosystems, biochemical cycles, materials, and tropospheric atmospheric composition and air quality.