Li Qingzhao (1084-about 1151), named Yi'an Jushi, was from Jinan (now Shandong). There is "Shu Yu Ci". Li Qingzhao's father, Li Gefei, was a scholar and essayist, and his mother came from an official family and also had literary talent. Li Qingzhao was versatile, good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and he attracted people's attention very early. Wang Zhuo's "Biji Manzhi" said that she "has been famous for poetry since she was young, and her talent is so great that she is close to her predecessors." Zhu Bian's "Fengyuetang Poetry Talk" also records Chao Buzhi's poems that often praised her to others. When Li Qingzhao was eighteen years old, he married Zhao Mingcheng, a student of the Imperial College. Zhao loved the study of epigraphy and had a high level of cultural accomplishment.
After marriage, they lived a happy and harmonious life. The couple often sang poems together and appreciated stone rubbings. Although their parents experienced some changes due to changes in the political situation, their own lives Generally peaceful.
But as a talented and emotional woman, she inevitably has a more idealistic attitude towards life, so even though life is satisfying, Li Qingzhao often feels melancholy. She may not know whether this melancholy comes from society's suppression of women, or because her higher pursuit of life ideals cannot be realized, but this melancholy often appears in her early poems, intertwined with warmth and joy. Her two songs "Like a Dream" seem to reflect this complex emotion:
I often remember the sunset in the Xiting Pavilion, and I am so intoxicated that I don't know the way back. Returning to the boat late after all the fun, I strayed into the depths of lotus flowers. Fighting for the crossing, fighting for the crossing, startling a pool of gulls and herons.
Last night it rained and the wind blew, and I couldn't get rid of the remaining wine after a deep sleep. When I asked the person behind the curtain, I found that Begonia was still the same. Do you know, do you know? It should be green, red and thin.
The former song expresses her carefree, cheerful and lively character, while the latter song reveals her melancholy about the changes in her years. It seems that her youth has also been destroyed and disappeared in the wind and rain of late spring.
Most of Li Qingzhao's early poems were about his feelings about love, especially about farewell and lovesickness, which are traditional themes of poems. However, in the past, most male authors wrote such words in a female tone. Even if they did not have a playful appreciation mentality, there was still a layer of separation. Li Qingzhao writes about her own personal and inner experiences, so her words are particularly sincere, delicate, euphemistic and moving. Starting from women's psychology, she selects things that women can easily associate with when they are sad and sad, and organizes them with women's delicate brushwork, so they have a unique style, such as:
The fragrance of red lotus root lingers in the jade mat in autumn, and the light Untie Luoshang and board the orchid boat alone. Who in the clouds sent a brocade book? When the wild goose returned, the moon was full on the west tower. The flowers are floating and the water is flowing, a kind of lovesickness and two places of leisurely sorrow. There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I just frown, but it is in my heart. ("A Cut of Plum Blossoms")
The mist is thick and the clouds are dark, and the day is long, and the auspicious brain disappears the golden beast. It’s the Double Ninth Festival and the Double Ninth Festival. Jade pillows and gauze kitchens make it cool in the middle of the night. After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves. There is no way to lose one's soul. The west wind blows behind the curtain, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. ("Drunk Flower Yin")
"The lightness of undressing Luo Shang and boarding the orchid boat alone"; the lingering feeling of "just lowering the brows, but touching the heart"; "the west wind blows behind the curtain" , People are thinner than yellow flowers." The pain of lovesickness and the sharp feeling of the perishability of youth are not easy for male authors to experience.
In the feudal era, although many male authors wrote about love in a woman's tone, such creations by women had different meanings in reflecting their emotional needs. It is precisely because of this that while works written by male authors in a woman's voice are chanted repeatedly, similar works by Li Qingzhao have been unfairly slandered. Wang Zhuo's "Biji Manzhi" attacked her for "using lewd words in Luxiang and writing them wantonly. Since ancient times, the gentry's family has been able to write women, and I have never seen such careless borrowing." This view is both pedantic and absurd.
The great changes of the times broke Li Qingzhao's leisurely and peaceful life. Bianjing fell. At the beginning of the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Mingcheng was appointed as the prefect of Jiangning. Li Qingzhao also went south to Jiangning in the second year of Jianyan (1128) with "fifteen carts carrying books". Zhao Mingcheng died the next year, and then the Jin soldiers went south. She went into exile and was once falsely accused of collaborating with the enemy by "granting gold". Later, most of the gold and stone antiques that Zhao Mingcheng had collected during his lifetime were lost, and her situation became worse. It's getting harder.
" and so on, are all generous and tragic works involving national and national events after the southern migration. However, due to the constraints of the concept of "not a family" in the poem, this theme and style rarely appear in her poems.
But on the other hand, it is precisely because of the above-mentioned Ci theory that when expressing emotions, Li Qingzhao’s Ci pays great attention to the delicacy and depth that is different from poetry, and also pays great attention to the special language skills of Ci; Coupled with her outstanding talent and cultural literacy, as well as the complex emotions caused by her complicated life experience, her words have formed distinctive personal characteristics and have a high artistic achievement.
As a poet, Li Qingzhao, a female poet, has special strengths in describing psychological and emotional activities. She is not only good at capturing those small and vivid images to express indescribable feelings, but also good at expressing subtle changes in emotions, ups and downs. The complex mood is revealed layer by layer in the language. For example, the bottom line of "Yong Yu Le", after recalling the prosperous atmosphere of the Lantern Festival on the "Song of Zhongzhou", first says, "Now I am haggard, with wind and mist on my temples, and I am afraid of going out at night." , because the current scene of people chatting and cheering is something that the lonely protagonist dare not face. She would rather leave herself in loneliness; but then she said, "It's better to go under the curtain and listen to people's laughter." Because this scene brought back her old dream, she couldn't go far away. The two levels were connected naturally and smoothly, and at the same time, she went deeper and deeper. The image in the last sentence expresses the lonely and sad mood very well. It is vivid and makes people feel sad. Another example is the bottom line of "Wulingchun". First, it is said that Shuangxi Chun is good for boating, and then it is said that "I am afraid that the boat in Shuangxi will not be able to carry it, and there will be a lot of sorrow." In turning back and forth, he writes complex emotions in a tactful and tortuous style.
In terms of language skills, Li Qingzhao also shows a high level of artistic attainments. It appears with a simple and natural look. Like the beginning of "Slow Voice", seven pairs of overlapping words are used in a row, which not only pays attention to the beauty of the sound, but also has rich connotations (looking for a lost demeanor, deserted for feeling about the environment, and sad for the psychology). ), and has a coherent meaning (feeling desolate due to not being able to find it, and feeling sad in the desolation). The fourteen characters can be said with great pains, but they feel quite natural when read, without any harshness. . Another example is "Remembering the Flute on the Phoenix Platform", "There are so many things that I can't even talk about." "Newly thin, not dry wine, not sad autumn", looks very simple and plain, but if you experience it carefully, it is very delicate. In "I want to say it, but I still want to say it", it actually contains things that are difficult to express and endless. I am sad, so I simply don’t say it; two negative sentences are used below to echo it, never saying it from the front, but repeatedly highlighting it from the back, so that what I want to say is in a vague state of being ready to be expressed, implicit but not It is obscure and thought-provoking. Moreover, this section is not only clever in meaning, but also has harmonious rhyme, which is not easy to read. Secondly, it uses both elegant and colloquial language, which makes the language in the poem have an elegant literati taste. , and has the flavor of life. In Li Qingzhao's concept of poetry, the language of poetry should not only conform to the habits of the Yuefu system, but also be simple and lively, and should not be tainted with a vulgar citizen atmosphere. Therefore, she often uses elegant poetry. The language is used naturally, and the vulgar language is used elegantly. The two are blended together, and it has a unique style. For example, "There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I lower my brows, but it is in my heart." It is adapted from Fan Zhongyan's "Yu Street". "Everyone comes to this matter, between the eyebrows and the heart, there is no way to avoid each other", but she separates "eyebrows" and "heart", using one word at a time, changing the original static narrative into a dynamic description, the tone It becomes more vivid and adds a lot of charm. Especially in the last sentence of the poem, Li Qingzhao prefers to use simple and colloquial language, like "Trying the lamp is boring, walking in the snow is not in the mood". "This time, how can the word "sorrow" be used in "Slow Voice", "It's sunny, it's raining, it's windy" in "Xing Xiangzi", and "It's better to Xiang and Lian" in "Yong Yu Le" "Under the children, listen to people laughing" and so on. This makes the poem not fall into a stagnant state at the end, but is filled with a kind of vitality. Therefore, people are more interested in Li Qingzhao's poems. Many places have seen some of the true nature of words when they were first formed.