The registration of trademarks and patents in Latvia is managed by the Latvian Patent Office (Patent Office) in accordance with the international conventions on intellectual property protection that Latvia has joined and the Latvian Patent Law, Trademark Law and other regulations. The Patent Office is an independent national agency established by the Latvia Cabinet and under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice. Its activities must comply with the Patent Law and the decrees issued by the Cabinet. The Patent Office accepts and examines applications from natural persons and legal persons to protect their inventions, industrial designs and trademarks in accordance with the law, grants patents, issues certificates, and is responsible for collecting and preserving documents and information related to patent and trademark registration. Its specific responsibilities are as follows: within the scope of its business, adopt relevant regulations on patents and trademarks, explain them, and guide relevant work; provide advice and consulting services on the payment of registration fees by natural persons and legal persons; issue official announcements; review And register patents and trademarks; cooperate with domestic, foreign and international organizations related to the protection of intellectual property rights. The Latvian Patent Office has a specialized patent and technology library and a complete computer network for modern management of trademark and patent registration documents. Prior to 1994, Latvia had created the basis for an independent legal system to protect intellectual property rights. On January 21, 1993, Latvia joined the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). On September 7 of the same year, Latvia restored its membership status in the Paris Alliance (the abbreviation of the International Alliance for the Protection of Industrial Property) and rejoined the Paris Convention. ” (the abbreviation of the 1883 Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property), and also joined the Patent Cooperation Treaty. On October 28, 1994, at the Diplomatic Conference in Geneva, Latin America signed a new international treaty on the harmonization of trademark laws. In 1995, Latin America acceded to the Madrid Convention (Convention on the International Registration of Trademarks, which entered into force on April 14, 1891). In addition, in 1994, Latin America also signed a cooperation agreement with the European Patent Organization in the field of patent cooperation. This was an important step for Latin America to join the European Patent Convention. The agreement between Latin America and the United States on intellectual property protection and trade relations was Effective January 20, 1995. Currently, Latvia is a formal member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The relevant provisions of the "Latvian Trademark Law" promulgated and implemented in May 1993 provide detailed provisions for trademark registration, including filing a written application with the Patent Office; the right of priority registration of the trademark; the preliminary review of the application, the formal review and the final review of the trademark. Registration; publication of registration announcements; objections to registered trademarks and review; acceptance of trademark registration appeals; trademark term and extension; trademark replacement, etc. The relevant provisions of the "Latvian Patent Law" that came into effect in April 1995 provide detailed provisions for patent registration, including filing an application with the Patent Office; priority registration of inventions; preliminary review of applications; announcement of acceptance of applications; formal review of applications and Grant of patents; objections to registered patents, etc. The above two regulations clearly stipulate that when the relevant domestic laws of Latvia conflict with the international treaties to which it is a party, the provisions of the international treaties shall apply. On July 14, 1995, Latvia established the Board of Appeal, marking the basic completion of the development of the management system in the field of industrial property protection. The committee is affiliated with the Patent Office and was established to resolve patent disputes. It works in accordance with the relevant regulations adopted by the Ministry of Justice. It gradually forms unified judgment standards for the decisions of the appeal committee on trademark registration, thus significantly reducing the number of appeals. Quantity