Article 12 A management system that combines national water resources basin management and administrative region management.

Relevant departments of the State Council under the supervision of water administration are responsible for the unified management and supervision of water resources in the country.

The departments of the State Council are responsible for the river basin management agencies of important rivers determined by the state (hereinafter referred to as the basin management agencies), and are in charge of water administration in the exercise of the current laws, administrative regulations and jurisdictions of the lake. The water administrative department of the State Council is authorized by the water administrative department of the State Council. Responsible for water resources management and supervision responsibilities. Local people's governments at all levels or above the county level

Water administrative departments are responsible for water resources within their own administrative regions? Under the unified management and supervision of water resources in accordance with its powers.

In this section, define the provisions of China's water resources management system.

The basic system of water resources management system, the water resources management system and the authority of national organizational departments, rational development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources and prevention and control of water hazards, in order to achieve sustainable use of water resources Organization guarantee. Reforming and improving the water resources management system and further strengthening the unified management of water resources is an important part of the revision of the "Water Law".

2. Watershed management and administrative region management of the national water resources management system. Water is the basic resource for human survival and irreplaceable for economic and social development, and a basic element of the ecological environment. Water resources, land, forests, minerals and other resources, it is a dynamic and renewable resource. The precipitation source of the river, water quality, the main line of the river, the boundary of the special area in the concept of watershed. According to the hydrogeological unit of the basin, which constitutes a unity, surface water and groundwater are mutually converted between the upstream and downstream, river water resources of main branches and tributaries, and the quantity and quality of water are interconnected and influence each other. The development, utilization and management of water resources in the basin can only properly handle the relationship between upstream and downstream rivers and other areas, and inter-departmental relationships can only follow this requirement. Other features of the resource at the bottom are its versatility, water can be used for irrigation, navigation, power generation, water supply, aquaculture, and has binary stakes. Therefore, the development, utilization and protection activities of water resources should be planned uniformly in the river basin, balanced and comprehensively utilized to maximize the economic, social and environmental benefits of water conservancy. At present, water resources management based on river basins has become a world trend. In 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development adopted Agenda 21: Integrated management of water resources, including surface water and groundwater, in terms of water quality and quantity, should be carried out at the basin level, with appropriate measures strengthened or developed as needed. System, China's major rivers, river basins, inter-provincial coordinated river basin management and the relationship between the natural characteristics of administrative region management are more important.

Formulated and promulgated in 1988, the original "Water Law" stipulated that "the state unified management of water resources and the combination of classification and departmental management have taken an important step in promoting the unification of water resources management in our country." However, the mutual relationship and responsibilities of the development and utilization departments of water resources are unclear, rather than a clear division of responsibilities and authorities of watershed management agencies, resulting in overlapping functions and misalignment of functions between departments. Phenomenon coexist, "Duolong's flooding problem still exists, mainly: first, the administrative division of river basin management, surface water, groundwater zoning management; third, separate management of quantity and quality. The main problems existing in this management system in practice are: first, it is not conducive to unified planning, river flood control dispatching and unified command. , in some places downstream during the flood season, left and right banks are fragmented, just protecting themselves, regardless of the overall global flood impact prevention efforts. Second, it is not conducive to unified control of water resources and solving the problem of water shortage. For example, some areas compete for a lot of water diversion during the dry season, and some upstream areas cause downstream rivers to dry up, which affects the economic and economic development of water. It has caused great harm to the downstream of social development and ecological environment. It is not conducive to the unified regulation and storage of surface water and groundwater, exacerbating the over-exploitation of groundwater. According to statistics, the average annual over-utilization of groundwater in the country is about 670 billion cubic meters, 164 of which have formed groundwater over-exploitation areas. Fourth, it is not conducive to solving the problem of urban water shortage in urban and rural areas. It is not conducive to cooperation and coordination to solve the problem of water pollution. Our cross-regional water quality pollution problem is getting bigger and bigger. Local governance, especially governance in downstream areas, cannot truly improve river water quality and water environment. Only unified governance and unified supervision of upstream and downstream areas can achieve results with water.

Sixth, the new "Water Law" that is not conducive to the overall efficiency of water resources in the economy, society and environment is based on its own characteristics, water resources and China's actual situation, drawing a *** that is different from that in some countries, establishing It adopts the principle of separation, resource management and development and utilization management, combines watershed management with administrative area management, and combines unified management and hierarchical management of water resources with water resources management practices and experience management systems.

Fourth, the water administrative department of the State Council is responsible for the unified management and supervision of water resources across the country. The core of unified management of water resources is water ownership. The new "Water Law" of human resources management stipulates that water resources belong to the state, and the ownership of water is represented by the State Council on behalf of the state. In order to achieve unified management and supervision of national water resources, the water administrative department of the state shall separately formulate a strategic plan for the state. Water resources, unified planning, unified allocation, unified dispatch of water resources, a unified system and the implementation of a water abstraction permit system and compensation for water resource use. The river basin management agency is to realize the unified management and supervision of the national water resources and water administrative departments established in the important rivers and lakes determined by the state and the State Council, and to exercise the laws, administrative regulations and water administrative departments of the State Council within the jurisdiction. In the early 1930s, major river and basin management agencies were set up in the modern sense, such as the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission, established in 1935, and the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission, established to be in charge of water resources management and supervision responsibilities. In 1933 and in 1929, the Central People's Government of New China gathered to lead the establishment of the Huaihe River Commission to strengthen the planning, governance and management of major rivers, and after the establishment of basin management agencies in the Yangtze, Yellow and Huaihe basins. After several changes during this period, the organization is currently in China. In the six rivers of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Pearl River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, and Taihu Lake Basin, the Ministry of Water Resources has established an agency resource dispatched by the river basin management agency to exercise "water law" and "flood control". Further responsibilities are clearly stated in the new "Water Law", the "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law", the "River Management Regulations" and other relevant laws, administrative regulations, and water resources management and supervision responsibilities granted to the Ministry and the Ministry of Water Resources. , river basin management agencies that supervise and manage water resources, including: (1) Dynamic monitoring of water resources and water quality monitoring in water functional areas (2) Trans-provincial, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government other than national rivers and lakes. Preparation of comprehensive river basin plans and comprehensive regional plans for rivers and lakes. (3) National review of water project construction to identify important rivers, lakes and rivers across provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. (4) Important rivers and lakes outside the country's provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government shall be subject to the review of the zoning of rivers, lakes and water functions within the jurisdiction. (6) The jurisdiction within the scope of water engineering protection. (7) The central government of each province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government shall formulate water allocation plans and water dispatch plans in case of drought, as well as annual water allocation plans and water dispatch plans within the jurisdiction. Collect water resources fees. (9) Water dispute resolution and law enforcement supervision and inspection.

The water administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level is responsible for the unified management of water resources within its own administrative region. Territory, all above-state differences in water resources and economic and social development levels, the implementation of regional management as a joint system of river basin management and administrative management must be closely combined with the actual situation of each place, giving full play to the water administrative supervisors of the local people's governments at all levels According to the laws and regulations at the department or county level, the river basin management agencies under the new "Water Law" have specific responsibilities for the supervision and management of water resources. The local people's government or the national committee or department at the county level or above will formulate supporting administrative regulations or government regulations for water and soil erosion, and further determine the functions of river basin management by drawing on foreign experience, in accordance with the "Water Law". According to the relevant provisions, generally speaking, river basin management agencies should highlight macro and democratic coordination in water resources management in accordance with the law, focus on some local administrative areas, and water administrative departments should regularly supervise and manage problems that are difficult to handle separately. The relevant local government water administrative departments are responsible for the specific implementation of water resources within their own administrative areas.

According to the unified system of local maintenance of the basic prerequisites for national integrated water resources management and water law, local water regulations and relevant government regulations can also be developed in conjunction with local actual conditions. The development of government is conducive to the sustainable use of local water resources and related planning. , plans to strengthen the unified management of water resources within this administrative region in accordance with the law.