1. If wine is classified by color, it can be divided into red wine, white wine and rose wine (pink wine). Most red wine is made of red grapes (a few red wines are mixed with a small amount of white grapes), and the color of red wine mainly comes from the skins of black grapes and red grapes. White wine is made from white grapes or red grapes. Although there are two raw materials, white grapes and red grapes, both red grapes and white grapes need to be juiced before fermentation. Only white grapes will be extracted at low temperature, and the pigment in the peel will not be released into the wine, so white wine will not appear red, but the primary color of grape juice. Rose wine (also known as pink wine) Rose wine is generally brewed with peeled red grapes (such as Vert Eva Pinot Nior and Zinfandel), which are soaked for a short time before fermentation, so there is still pink residue after brewing. The difference between red wine and white wine \x0d\ Red wine and white wine \x0d\ Grape varieties are peeled when they are fermented? It is \x0d\ a kind of wine glass, which is purplish red when it is young, ruby red when it is mature, brownish red when it is young, blue when it is mature, and brown \x0d\ with a large mouth and a small mouth. Drinking temperature:15℃-18℃ 7℃-12℃ \ x0d \ Taste characteristics: the aroma of ripe fruits is dominant, mainly flowers and fruits \ x0d \ tannin content is rich and complex. If wine is classified according to sugar content, it can be divided into dry type, semi-dry type, semi-sweet type and semi-sweet type. Dry red wine and dry white wine usually belong to dry wine. The sugar content in the wine is less than 4 g/L, and the semi-dry wine is between dry wine and sweet wine. The sugar content is 4- 12g/L, which can distinguish the faint sweetness when tasting. Semi-sweet grapes can be divided into semi-sweet grapes and extra-sweet grapes, and semi-sweet wines generally contain sugar12-45g/L. Wine with a sweet sugar content of more than 45g/L is the real sweet wine. Many young women or people who have just tried wine prefer sweet wine. Ice wine and noble wine are both sweet wines. Iced wine Iced wine originated in Germany. As early as 1765, there was a heavy first snow in Germany, and the weather was very cold. Snow turned into ice and piled up on the grape clusters. The wine farmers thought that the harvest of that year was all over. As a result, in 1 1 month, the grape clusters were still hanging on the trees. Because of the late harvest, grapes are much more mature than normal and have higher sugar content. Under the influence of the cold climate, most of the water in the grapes turns into ice, but the sugar is not easy to freeze, so the grape juice after juicing has a high sugar content, so the world-famous iced wine is unexpectedly brewed. Falc is the most famous German ice wine and noble sweet wine producing area. The ice wine produced here is sweet but not greasy, pure and cool, and has a strong fragrance of fresh fruit, dried fruit, flowers and honey. In addition to Germany, some new world countries, such as the United States and Canada, have also begun to produce ice wine because of their unique climate characteristics. Canada has excellent climatic conditions. In the area around Lake Ontario, there are natural conditions for producing ice wine almost every year. In Germany, it is impossible to produce ice wine every year, but with strict production technology, Germany still maintains the best ice wine quality in the world. Noble wine is brewed from white grapes invaded by expensive rot fungi. Because the expensive rot fungus adheres to the ripe grapes, it absorbs the water in the grapes and leaves a strong sugar and taste, just like raisins. The wine brewed from this grape has a high sugar content, and the "participation" of expensive rot fungi adds some mysterious fragrance to the wine. Because the growth of pythium expensive is limited by the climate, this wine has also become very precious. Xie Su in Bordeaux, France, is the most famous wine producing area in the world. In addition, Germany and Hungary also produce expensive rotten wine. 3. If wine is classified according to the brewing process, it can be divided into static wine, sparkling wine and fortified wine. Static wine Most of the wine we drink every day is static wine, that is to say, in the process of wine fermentation, carbon dioxide is released to get static wine. Sparkling wine Sparkling wine is also called sparkling wine, which retains the carbon dioxide in the fermentation process during the brewing process. The alcohol content is 8%- 14%, including red (rarely), white and pink. Sparkling wine in the old world countries is generally made up of wines of different varieties, different years and different producing areas. In order to keep the quality of wine at a certain level, the label will not indicate the year and grape variety. Unless you encounter a particularly good year, you will use the grapes of that year to mark the year on the wine label. Sparkling wine in the new world is relatively simple, and it is usually marked with the year. Champagne's most famous sparkling wine is produced in Champagne, France, about150km northeast of Paris. It is the northernmost vineyard in France, and its unique soil structure and climate create unique conditions for grape ripening. Champagne region is also the first legal producing area in France, and it has become the love of many royal nobles because of its excellent wine quality. In order to protect the reputation of champagne, they registered the trademark of champagne. Champagne, according to French laws and regulations, is made from grapes in the Champagne area and by legal traditional techniques. It can only be called sparkling wine, and champagne will be marked on the label of the wine. If one of the conditions is not met, it can only be called sparkling wine. No matter how good the sparkling wine produced in other places is, it can't be crowned as "champagne" For the sake of "champagne", the French once fought several time-consuming and labor-intensive lawsuits in The Hague International Court of Justice, which made people all over the world have to stay away from champagne. Whether champagne is the earliest sparkling wine has not been confirmed, but almost every Frenchman insists that champagne is the ancestor of sparkling wine. However, no matter where sparkling wine originated, the status of champagne remains unshakable, and its unique geographical conditions and rigorous brewing technology make it different from ordinary sparkling wine. There are some differences between champagne and ordinary sparkling wine. There are three main grape varieties that can be used to make champagne: Chardonnay, Black Pi Nuo and Vitter's Pi Nuo. Because of the unique squeezing method in champagne production, the peel color of red grapes will not enter the grape juice, so champagne is generally charming golden yellow, and a few are romantic pink. Ordinary sparkling wine will not have too many restrictions on the variety of wine, and even grapes used to brew red wine can be used to brew sparkling wine. In champagne, sugar and yeast are added to the wine, and carbon dioxide is produced by secondary fermentation, while in brewing wine, carbon dioxide is directly pumped into the wine. Therefore, the brewing process of champagne is much slower and more complicated than that of soaking wine. The legal time for the second bottle to ferment in champagne area is three years or more. So the price of champagne is much more expensive than soaking wine. Adding alcohol to fortified wine during fermentation stopped the operation of yeast, increased the alcohol content to 15%-22%, and kept high sugar content. For example, sherry in Spain and Porto in Portugal. Sherry, produced in Spain, is made from sun-dried grapes, and brandy is added in the brewing process. During the brewing process, sherry should be put in oak barrels, exposed to the bright sunshine and put into storage three months later. This special brewing method gives sherry a special flavor, so it not only has high alcohol content, but also tastes sweet. There are two kinds of sherry, one is not sweet fino, which tastes good; Another sweet color, Oloroso, has a strong taste. Wine is produced in Portugal. Although it belongs to fortified wine like sherry, alcohol is added to it during the fermentation of grape juice. Before the grape juice was completely fermented, the fermentation stopped because of the addition of high-temperature alcohol, so the sugar in the wine was preserved, and the port wine was sweet. The production of port wine and sherry is attributed to the British at the end of 17 and the beginning of 18. In the process of transporting wine from Spain and Portugal to Britain, because glass stoppers and cork stoppers have not been invented, all wines are transported in oak barrels, which is a long way. Therefore, wine merchants add grape distilled alcohol to wine to protect wine from deterioration. Inadvertently, Britain is now in Macau, and this wine from Portugal can still be seen everywhere.