Eshan Yi Autonomous County

Eshan Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province was established on May 12, 1951. It is the first Yi Autonomous County after the birth of New China and the first in Yunnan Province. Regional ethnic autonomous county. The county has two streets, two towns and two townships, with a land area of ??2,908,869 acres, an average of 26.1 acres per capita, and a cultivated land area of ??174,099 acres, an average of 1.2 acres per capita. In this magical and ancient land, there are 140,000 hard-working, brave, wise and simple people of various ethnic groups such as Yi, Han, Hani, Hui and Mongolian. Ethnic minorities account for 62.8%. There are now Yi, Bai, Dai, Zhuang, Miao, Hui, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Yao, Tibetan, Jingpo, Bulang, Buyi, Achang, Hani, Xibe, Pumi, Mongolian, Nu, Jinuo, Deang, Shui, Manchu, Dulong and other ethnic groups are distributed.

Edit this historical evolution

Eshan has a long history. According to the Paleolithic human mandible, stone tools, bone tools, and animal bone fossils unearthed from Laolong Cave in Tadian, it is proved that it dates back to approximately Humans lived and multiplied 10,000 to 20,000 years ago.

According to historical records, the Ashan area was under the jurisdiction of the ancient Dian Kingdom in the pre-Qin period, and it belonged to Yuyuan County, Yizhou County in the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Yizhou County was divided into Jianning County, Eshan belonged to Yuyuan County of Jianning County, and in the Sui Dynasty it belonged to Nanning Prefecture General Administration Office. In the early Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Jiangxian County, Nanning Prefecture. Later it belonged to Nanzhao Tonghai Dudufu. During the Dali Kingdom of Song Dynasty, it belonged to Xiushan County. In the sixth year of Emperor Xianzong of the Yuan Dynasty (1256), thousands of households were established and subordinated to Abo Wanhu. In the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), it was reestablished in Qiangzhou, under the jurisdiction of Lin'an Road; in the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1289), it was reestablished in Qiangao County, under the jurisdiction of Anfu. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1382), Qiao'e County was still established and placed under the jurisdiction of Lin'an Prefecture. The Qing Dynasty followed the Ming Dynasty system. The founder of the Republic of China was still named Qiao'e County. In the 2nd year of the Republic of China (1913), the government was cut off and Tao was established, and it was subordinated to Mengzi Tao. In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), the Taoist system was abolished and it was directly under the Yunnan Provincial Government. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), it was renamed Ashan County.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Provisional People's Government of Eshan County was established in Dianzhong on October 24, 1949. On February 2, 1950, the Provisional People's Government of the county moved back to the county seat from Dianzhong. Ashan National Autonomous County was established on May 12, 1951.

On June 18, 1954, it was renamed Ashan County Yi Autonomous Region. On January 17, 1956, it was renamed Ashan Yi Autonomous County and affiliated with Yuxi Prefecture. In 1971, it was attached to Yuxi area. In 1998, it was attached to Yuxi City.

Edit the administrative division of this paragraph

Eshan Yi Autonomous County governs 5 towns and 3 townships: Shuangjiang Town, Xiaojie Town, Dianzhong Town, Huannian Town, and Tadian Town , Chahe Township, Dalongtan Township, Fuliangpeng Township; Huanian Farm? Now there are Yi, Bai, Dai, Zhuang, Miao, Hui, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Yao, Tibetan, Jingpo, Bulang The distribution of ethnic groups include Buyi, Achang, Hani, Xibe, Pumi, Mongolian, Nu, Jinuo, Deang, Shui, Manchu, Dulong and other ethnic groups.

Edit this paragraph Overview of Economic Development in 2005

In 2005, the total output value was 1.486 billion yuan, an increase of 585 million yuan over 2002, an annual increase of 1.486 billion yuan. 14.39; completed social fixed asset investment of 525 million yuan, an increase of 287 million yuan over 2002, an annual increase of 3.015; realized local fiscal revenue of 115 million yuan, an increase of 58 million yuan over 2002, an annual increase of 26.72; achieved a per capita net income of farmers of 2928 yuan, an increase of 802 yuan over 2002, an annual increase of 11.26 yuan; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 8,628 yuan, an increase of 2,498 yuan over 2002, an annual increase of 12.07 yuan.

In 2005, the industrial economy drove the county's GDP to grow by 11.2 percentage points, 6.7 percentage points higher than in 2002. Resource advantages and location advantages have gradually transformed into industrial advantages and economic advantages, and the dominant position of the industrial economy in the national economy has become increasingly apparent. At the same time, it has better stimulated the development of tertiary industries such as transportation and catering services.

The basic position of agriculture has been continuously strengthened. Focusing on increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income, agricultural investment has been increased, agricultural scientific and technological measures have been implemented, and the agricultural planting structure has been continuously optimized. The proportion of grain and economic planting in the county has increased from 50.4 in 2002: 49.6 was optimized to 41.5:58.5 in 2005. The pillar position of flue-cured tobacco has been consolidated, grain and rapeseed have developed steadily, the structural adjustment of animal husbandry and the introduction of improved varieties have been intensified, and forestry development policies have been further improved.

Under the leadership of the party, with the reform of the property rights system as the core and private ownership as the main form, the reform of state-owned and collective enterprises was completed. Further rationalize the system, clarify property rights, activate mechanisms, revitalize existing assets, optimize incremental assets, promote the concentration of production factors in advantageous and characteristic industries, support enterprises to increase technological transformation, strengthen development momentum, and continuously improve the level of industrial development, forming a It is a county characteristic industry focusing on "a bottle of wine, a piece of iron, a bag of fertilizer, and a pot of oil".

The tertiary industrial structure has been optimized, and the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries has been adjusted from 24:33:43 in 2002 to 22:36:42 in 2005. [1]

Comprehensive in 2011

[2] In 2011, the county's GDP was 3.792 billion yuan, an increase of 1.05%, and the primary, secondary and tertiary industries completed an added value of 618 million yuan respectively. yuan, 1.797 billion yuan, 1.377 billion yuan; total fiscal revenue was 765 million yuan, an increase of 3, local fiscal revenue was 386 million yuan, an increase of 12; the fixed asset investment of the whole society was 3.523 billion yuan, an increase of 3.24%; the total retail sales of consumer goods was 810 million yuan, An increase of 21.6%; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 18,446 yuan, an increase of 12.3%; the per capita net income of farmers was 6,089 yuan, an increase of 16.4%; the overall consumer price level increased by 4.6%; the urban registered unemployment rate was 2.8; the natural population growth rate was 2.2‰; unit production Total energy consumption decreased by 4.7%.

Agricultural Economy

The total agricultural output value was 995 million yuan, an increase of 7.8%. The total grain output was 55.91 million kilograms, an increase of 17%, ensuring food security. Flue-cured tobacco production achieved another good result, with 11.64 million kilograms of tobacco leaves purchased and sales revenue of 221 million yuan, exceeding the 200 million yuan mark for the first time. Tobacco farmers' income increased by 43.55 million yuan, and the tobacco leaf tax was 48.58 million yuan. Fully support Hongta Group in promoting the construction of China's first tobacco estate - Yuxi Manor and Ashan Fengwo Garden, and strive to build an organic tobacco leaf production base. 62,900 acres of rapeseed were planted, with an output value of 35.98 million yuan. 34,300 acres of vegetables were planted, with an output value of 98.37 million yuan, an increase of 53.9%. Actively promote the breeding of fine varieties, animal epidemic prevention, standardized production and other work, achieving a livestock output value of 354 million yuan, an increase of 15.6%. The "2213" project has been steadily promoted, and 24,300 acres of bamboo, 29,100 acres of walnuts, 10,200 acres of konjac, and 12,000 acres of pyrethrum have been newly planted; a total of 132,200 acres of bamboo and 173,300 acres of walnuts have been planted. Completed the transformation of 10,000 acres of medium- and low-yield forests. The coverage of agricultural insurance was gradually expanded, with 3.24 million yuan of agricultural insurance paid out. Policies to strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers such as subsidies for improved crop varieties and comprehensive direct subsidies for agricultural inputs were fully implemented, and 11.55 million yuan of subsidy funds were cashed in. The grassland ecological protection reward and subsidy work was launched, and 3.39 million yuan of reward and subsidy funds were cashed in. 16.56 million yuan was invested to implement 52 "one case, one discussion" financial reward and subsidy projects for the construction of village-level public welfare undertakings. 2.1 million yuan was invested to implement 17 new rural key village projects.

Industry and construction industry

The total industrial output value was 5.263 billion yuan, an increase of 14.8%. The "Four Ones" characteristic advantageous industries achieved an output value of 3.653 billion yuan, and their dominant position became more prominent. Implementing the opinions on strengthening the construction of industrial parks, the park's industrial aggregation function and radiation driving capacity have been significantly enhanced. There are 26 projects in the park, achieving an output value of 3.742 billion yuan, accounting for 71.1% of the county's total industrial output value.

Key industrial projects are progressing smoothly. The industrial relocation and expansion of Yuantian Biological Pyrethrum, the 100,000-ton packaging paper project of Shunxing Paper, and the 600,000-ton rotary kiln cement project of Hongfeng Building Materials were completed and put into operation; the deep mining technology reform and development of the Huanian Iron Mine of the Mining and Metallurgical Group Projects such as the magnetization and separation of 1 million tons of siderite and the deep processing of inferior lignite of Tianheng Tongtai Company are progressing steadily. The first-stage gantry power station of the cascade hydropower development in the Lvzhi River Basin is about to be completed, and the construction of the second-stage Hugo power station is actively advancing; New Galaxy Chemical Industry Preliminary work for a number of major projects such as relocation and expansion, COFCO's 150,000 tons of cassava fuel ethanol, and Xiangzhan Company's 30,000 tons of CNC machine tool castings and finishing are progressing in an orderly manner.

Tertiary Industry

The tertiary industry, focusing on trade circulation, transportation, national culture tourism, and real estate, has developed rapidly, achieving an added value of 1.377 billion yuan, an increase of 7.7%. Actively develop ethnic cultural tourism and complete the preparation of the "Eshan County Tourism Master Plan (Revised)", "Liangzi Road Love" Cultural Tourism Route Planning and the "Conceptual Plan for the Western Part of Tadian Town". Promoting the development and construction of scenic spots such as "Yi Valley", we received 760,000 tourists throughout the year and achieved total tourism revenue of 357 million yuan, an increase of 15.1%. We continued to implement policies to benefit farmers, such as bringing cars to the countryside, bringing home appliances to the countryside, and subsidizing the purchase of agricultural machinery, with subsidies totaling 15,338 units worth 6.71 million yuan throughout the year. Transportation and real estate have maintained rapid growth, effectively promoting sustained economic development. Market supervision and service capabilities have been further improved, and urban and rural markets are flourishing.

Edit this section's ethnic profile

There are now Yi, Bai, Dai, Zhuang, Miao, Hui, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Yao, Tibetan, and Jingpo , Bulang, Buyi, Achang, Hani, Xibe, Pumi, Mongolian, Nu, Jinuo, Deang, Shui, Manchu, Dulong and other ethnic groups are distributed.

Edit this section Transportation

Eshan has convenient transportation and good location advantages. National Highway 213 runs through the entire territory and is the transportation throat to Simao, Xishuangbanna and other southern borders. The county seat is 126 kilometers away from Kunming, 28 kilometers away from Yuxi, and 17 kilometers away from the Kunming-Yuzhou Railway Terminal. After the Kunyu and Yuyuan high-grade highways are completed, it will only take more than an hour to get to Kunming and 20 minutes to Yuxi. ?

Edit this section of natural resources

Eshan is endowed with abundant natural resources and its proven mineral resources include iron, coal, copper, cobalt, magnesium, lead, zinc, Silicon, kaolin, silica clay, granite, marble, etc. Most of these mineral deposits are distributed along highways. They are of good quality and have concentrated mineral spots, making them easy to mine. Among them, the iron ore reserves are over 100 million tons, with an average grade of over 50, and the coal reserves are nearly 30 million tons, most of which are high-quality anthracite coal. Ashan has beautiful mountains and clear waters, a pleasant climate, abundant rainfall, dense forests, good ecological environment and three-dimensional climate at low latitudes and high altitudes, which are extremely suitable for the growth of various crops and economic crops. The lush forests contain rich wildlife resources. ?

Edit this paragraph Infrastructure

Infrastructure construction has been continuously strengthened. The 110 kV power transmission and transformation project has been integrated into the national grid for operation. There are 73 villages (offices) in 8 towns and towns in the county. All are electrified and accessible; 1,356 kilometers of roads have been built. The newly built expressway (Yuyuan Highway) is expected to be opened to traffic in 2000. The total capacity of program-controlled telephones in urban and rural areas is nearly 10,000. Mobile phones and wireless pagers have been launched. 15 professional markets of various types have been built.

Edit this paragraph's physical geography

Eshan belongs to the plateau landform, with the terrain being narrow and long in the east and wider in the west. There are more than 60 mountains with an altitude of more than 2,000 meters in the territory. The larger ones include Gaolu Mountain, Daxi Mountain, Zongguo Mountain, Dahei Mountain, Huotou Mountain, etc. The terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The eastern part is cut by the Qujiang River (called the Yijiang River in the county), forming a landform of alternating mountains and valleys running from northwest to southeast. Chahe, Tadian, Fuliangpeng and other townships in the central part are limestone areas with relatively developed karst. They have undulating mountains, many caves and depressions, underground ditches and rivers, and a lack of surface water sources. In the west and north, the mountains are high and the slopes are steep, the valleys are deep and narrow, and the terrain is broken.

The average altitude of the county is 1,691 meters. The highest point is Huoshitou Mountain in Jinghu Administrative Village, Dianzhong Town in the north, with an altitude of 2,583.7 meters. The lowest point is Yale by the Lvzhi River in the west, with an altitude of 820 meters.

Eshan strata are relatively complete, ranging from the latest Quaternary to the ancient to ancient Kunyang Group strata, and the Mesozoic strata from 70 million to 225 million years ago are exposed. It is the most widely distributed, accounting for more than 60% of the total area of ??the county.

Eshan is located on the eastern boundary of the Kangdian Shield. During the Yanshan Movement (about 70 million years ago), the Kangdian Shield experienced strong folds and formed many fault zones. Shuangjiang, Xiaojie and other places are located on the Qujiang Fault Zone, where there are violent crustal movements and frequent earthquake activity. According to historical records, there were 7 major earthquakes in the 275 years from the 35th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1695) to 1970 AD. A major earthquake occurred at 1:00:34 in the morning on January 5, 1970, with a magnitude of 7.7 on the Richter scale. The epicenter was Meizishu Village, the residence of Daqia Administrative Village, Xiaojie Town. The earthquake affected most of southern Yunnan Province, with Ashan, Tonghai, Huaning, Jianshui and other counties the hardest hit. The affected area of ??Ashan reached 475.8 square kilometers, accounting for 23.58% of the county's total area. People's lives and properties in Xiaojie, Shuangjiang and other towns suffered serious losses.

Edit this paragraph Biological fossils

1. Dinosaur fossils. Now they are located near Xigu Ya Village in Dianzhong Town, on the hillside one and a half kilometers south of Gujing Village; on the hillside 200 meters east of Chahe Yanhe Village and Zhongzheng Village; Dalongtan Tucker Village; and 1 kilometer north of Xishedie Dinosaur fossils dating from the Late Triassic to the Early Cholas were found in many places such as the slopes of the Green Zhijiang River, dating back about 235 million to 170 million years ago.

2. Ancient ivory fossils. Fifteen ancient ivory fossils with a length of 0.11 meters, a width of 0.08 meters and a thickness of 0.025 meters and dating back 5 million years were discovered in Tuanshan Reservoir in Dianzhong Town. They are now collected and preserved by the Ashan County Cultural Center.

3. Other animal and plant fossils. A reptile fossil was discovered in Jialimu Village, Dianzhong Town, and was identified as a "new species of snake-necked turtle" and named "Eshan Snake-necked Turtle". The era is the late Chola period. Many fish fossils have been found in "Moruoyiduo" (in Yi language, it means a place where fish sleep) near Jialimu Village, which experts identified as "skeletal and scaly fish from the Early Choura Period". It is the ancestor of modern side fish and carp. In addition, "Moruoido" fossils have also been discovered near Heini Village, Tadian Township.

The cliffs along the Lvzhi River to the west of Daoxiang Village in Fuliangpeng Township are rich in Mesozoic plant fossils. On the carbonaceous limestone, there are a variety of tree species with clear layers. The fern fossils are so numerous in variety and quantity that experts call them a treasure trove of plant fossils in the Mesozoic Era.

4. Dinosaur footprints. On the limestone of "Fairy Pond" at the foot of Dongmao Mountain in Dianwei Village, a geological team discovered 17 dinosaur footprints in December 1982, each in the shape of a chicken's claw, 1.2 meters apart. The middle toe is 0.31 meters long. The toes on both sides are 0.25 meters apart.

According to investigation: 170 million years ago, the "Fairy Pond" area was a swamp and lake area with a hot climate and dense ferns growing beside the water, where dinosaurs lived and moved. places, so they often leave obvious footprints in the mud near the lake. Later, the lakes dried up, the plants died, and the dinosaurs became extinct as the climate and environment changed. However, the footprints left behind were preserved as the mud turned into rocks, becoming precious fossils.

Edit this section of local specialties

Small Street Braised Chicken

Huanian Roast Goose

Pojiao Mixed Vegetables

Walnut boiled eggs

Yulin Spring Wine

Yulin Spring Wine was founded in the middle of the Qing Dynasty and became famous in central Yunnan during the Republic of China. It has a history of more than 280 years. Yulin Quan Liquor has always adhered to the traditional Yunnan Xiaoqu small tank fermentation process and insisted on pure grain brewing. With its unique style and personality charm of soft, sweet, clean and refreshing, it has won the love of the majority of consumers, and its fragrance grows over time, bringing people Come for passion and joy.

In 2005, Yulinquan Liquor Industry took advantage of the situation and married the Thai TCC Group, a Fortune 500 company, to achieve a strong alliance and become the first wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China's liquor industry. Relying on the strong economic strength, advanced management concepts, good personal relationships and excellent product quality of Thailand's tcc Group, Yulinquan will be built into China's large-scale Xiaoqu fragrance liquor production base and an internationally renowned brand. The company has a registered capital of 60 million yuan and more than 500 employees. Through external recruitment and internal training, it has created a professional team that can endure hardship, understand management, be good at management, and have excellent technology. In 2008, the basic liquor output of Yulinquan Liquor Industry reached 7,000 liters, with sales revenue exceeding 100 million yuan and profits and taxes exceeding 20 million yuan. The company has successfully developed 53° puree liquor, 12-year 50° aged liquor, and 20-year 52° aged liquor. With its unique and excellent quality and exquisite packaging and decoration, the company has led Yunnan Xiaoqu Baijiu to join the ranks of mid- and high-end liquors, rewriting Yunnan’s reputation Good smoke, good tea, no history of good wine.

In the development journey of Yulinquan wine industry, good news has been received frequently. In 2007, Yulinquan wine won the first place in the expert rating in the "Yunnan Top Ten Famous Wines" selection. Obtained the "Yunnan Famous Trademark" and won the "Yunnan Province Consumer Favorite Product" for 8 consecutive years. In 2005, the China Brewing Industry Association rated Yulinquan as the "National Liquor Product Quality, Safety and Integrity Brand" and the National Liquor Evaluation Committee Reelection Assessment Sample wine, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China held a "Chinese Famous Wine" selection event, and Yulin Spring was the only participating brand in Yunnan Province and received praise from experts. The most gratifying thing is that Yulinquan Liquor Industry has become the only enterprise in Yunnan Province to participate in the formulation of China's "Xiaoqu Baijiu" national standard. As a typical representative of Xiaoqu light-flavor liquor in Yunnan Province, Yulin Quan Liquor has greatly improved its product quality and industry status, becoming one of the 37 key liquor manufacturers in the country.

Climate characteristics: Ashan belongs to the mid-subtropical semi-humid cool winter plateau monsoon climate zone, with a mild climate and sufficient sunshine. The general climate characteristics are: no severe heat in summer, no severe cold in winter, and the temperature difference is three-dimensionally distributed. The annual average sunshine is 2286.9 hours, and the sunshine rate is 52. The total solar radiation throughout the year is 127,130 calories per square centimeter. The annual average temperature is 15.9°C, the monthly average temperature is the lowest in January, at 8.4°C, and the highest in July, at 21.2°C.

Due to the great differences in altitude across the county, temperatures vary. The low-heat valley areas such as Huanian and Yale have the highest temperature, with an average annual temperature of about 20°C, and crops can be harvested three times a year. The high-cold mountainous areas such as Daxi and Zongguo have the lowest temperature, with an annual average temperature of about 13°C.

Due to the diverse topography of the county and its strong regional characteristics, low-heat valleys and dams are scattered among the mountains. In a small area, the difference in temperature is very obvious between the mountains and the mountains, on the south and north slopes. The frost-free period is about 268 days. On a local scale, frost occurs to varying degrees almost every year. Precipitation is moderate, with an average annual rainfall of 934.6 mm.

Their distribution characteristics are: there are more mountainous areas than dam areas, and there are more dam areas than river valleys, such as Fulianpeng, Tadian and other mountainous areas. The annual rainfall reaches 1000-1100 mm, and the annual rainfall in double small and small streets is 930 mm. , 800 mm in Dianzhong and Dalongtan, and only 700 mm in low-heat valley areas such as Yale and Huanian. Rainfall is concentrated in summer and autumn. The average rainfall from May to October is 765.6 mm, accounting for 82% of the annual rainfall. Especially in mid-to-late August, there are heavy rains or heavy rains. From November to April of the following year, the rainfall reaches 169.3 mm. It accounts for only 18% of the annual rainfall. There are large inter-annual differences in rainfall. For example, the rainfall in 1971 reached 1229.4 mm, while the rainfall in 1979 was only 518.1 mm, a difference of nearly 1.4 times. An annual rainfall of 850-1000 mm is considered a normal year. In the past 40 years, there have been 19 wet years, 8 normal years, and 13 wet years, of which 5 were drought years with annual rainfall of less than 750 mm.

Reference materials