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Lu Xun (188 1- 1936), a great litterateur in China, is one of the writers who used his pen name the most throughout the ages. According to statistics, he used as many as 146 pen names. He not only has many pen names, but also changed his name many times, which also reflects his life course.
1881On September 25th, Lu Xun was born in a feudal family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. At that time, his grandfather Zhou was an academician and an official in Beijing. When my grandfather received the letter from Lu Xun on the day of his birth, it happened that Zhang Zhidong, a bachelor of cabinet, visited. My grandfather took Zhang Zhidong's surname as Lu Xun's posthumous title "A Zhang", and later took the names of "Zhang Shou" and "Yushan" with the homonym of "Zhang". These three names were given to him by his grandfather. In China, everyone is called Lu Xun Zhang or.
Father (186 1- 1896) is a scholar, and his mother's name is Lu, (1858- 1943). Her home is in Anqiaotou Village, Shaoxing County. She didn't go to school, but she passed. Because Lu Xun was the eldest son of the Zhou family, his father was afraid that he could not raise him well, so he took Xiao Zhang to Changshou Temple to worship a monk as a teacher, from which Lu Xun got another legal name Chang Geng. Lu Xun talked about this in the article My First Master written in his later years. The dharma name Chang Geng is often used as a pseudonym by Lu Xun.
Lu Xun entered a private school when he was 7 years old. The school is located at the new gate where the Zhou family live together. Teacher Meng Kai is Uta's distant uncle. When Lu Xun went to school in a private school, he took the name of "Yushan". But "Yushan" is homophonic with "umbrella" in Shaoxing dialect, and students often call him "umbrella". Lu Xun didn't like the name and begged his grandfather to change it, so Zhou changed the word "Mountain" of "Yushan" to "Cai Yu". From then on, Lu Xun's word became "Cai Yu".
When Lu Xun 13 years old, an unfortunate thing happened at home. His grandfather was put into the prison of the Qing government because of the imperial examination case, and soon his father fell ill again. Since then, Lu Xun has fallen from a "well-off family" to a "poor family". In order to save grandpa and treat dad, the Zhou family is on the verge of bankruptcy. In recent years, 14-year-old Lu Xun has been in and out of pawn shops and pharmacies almost every day. The death of his father, the decline of feudal families and the indifference of the world ..... made young Lu Xun have a deeper understanding of society and "the true face of the world".
After his father's death, his family came down, and Lu Xun never returned to Santan Yingyue to study. He wants to go to Qiushi College in Hangzhou, but the tuition is too expensive for him to afford. It happened that his great-uncle Zhou Shusheng was the inspector of Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy, which didn't have to pay tuition. So Lu Xun 1898 went to Nanjing and was admitted to Jiangnan Naval Academy.
At that time, most people thought that studying and taking exams were the "right way" and it was disgraceful to enter a "foreign school". However, Lu Xun ignored these. He wants to "take different roads, escape from different places and seek different people" and still enter the naval academy to study the navy. Although Zhou Shusheng is supervised by people in the school, his thoughts are still conservative. He thought that the younger generation of his family went to school to learn sailors, which was beneath the magnanimity of the Zhou family's "noble family", so he called Lu Xun and changed his name to "Zhou Shuren", which means "it takes ten years to plant trees, but it takes a hundred years to cultivate people". Lu Xun was just 18 years old this year.
Lu Xun has three brothers. After he renamed Zhang Shou, his second brother Yan Shou, four years younger than him, and his third brother Song Shou, five years older than Xiao Jiu, were renamed Zhou Zuoren and Zhou respectively. Zhou Zuoren later became a famous writer. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zhou served as the vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).
Later, Zhou Shuren's name was replaced by "Lu Xun". It was 19 18 in May. At the invitation of a friend, Zhou Shuren published the first novel "Diary of a Madman" in the fourth volume of New Youth magazine, with Lu Xun as his pseudonym for the first time. Since then, he has participated in the editing work of New Youth magazine, often under the name of "Lu Xun". With the expansion of the influence of Lu Xun's works, the pseudonym "Lu Xun" gradually replaced his real name.
Xu Shoushang, a good friend of Lu Xun, read this work in Nanchang at that time and was deeply attracted and moved. He found this article profound in content and cool and refined in brushwork, much like that written by his old friend Zhou Shuren, but at first glance it was "Lu Xun" he had never seen before. So he wrote to Zhou Shuren and asked, Have you read Diary of a Madman? Do you know the author of this article? Lu Xun wrote back and told Xu Shoushang truthfully.
At the end of 1920, after Xu Shoushang returned to Beijing, he should ask Lu Xun about the details of his pen name "Lu Xun": "What's the point of using this pen name?"
Lu Xun personally said to Xu Shoushang at that time: "Because the editor of" New Youth "didn't want to be signed by another name, I used to use the nickname" Xunxing "you know, so I temporarily named this name. The reasons are: (1) mother's surname is Lu; (2) Zhou Lu is a country with the same surname "; (3) take the meaning of being stupid and quick. "He thinks he is all thumbs, and his efficiency is not as good as that of people with better talents, whether studying or doing things. In this case, only by being more diligent can we achieve the same effect as others in a certain period of time.
These are three reasons for taking the pseudonym "Lu Xun": First, his mother's surname is Lu, and Lu Xun has always been filial to his mother and took his surname as a souvenir; Second, Zhou Lu was a country with the same surname in the Spring and Autumn Period. Lu's founding monarch is his son. More than two thousand years ago, Zhou Lu was a family. The third is to show Lu Xun's modesty and fighting spirit. "Lu" is also called stupid; Fast means quick and agile. Although Lu Xun is outspoken, what you see is what you get, which embodies Lu Xun's tenacious fighting spirit.
The meaning of the pseudonym "Lu Xun" was later explained by Lu Xun himself. 192665438+February, he said in The True Story of Ah Q: "I use more than one pen name: L.S., Tang Yi, a living person, snow and wind; Even before, there were: self-tree, soil-seeking, flying and quick travel. Lu Xun came from Cheng Xunxing because the editor of New Youth at that time didn't want to have another name. " The pseudonym Xunxing first appeared in the article On Cultural Deviation written by Lu Xun during his study in Japan in 1907, and was published in the 7th issue of Henan Monthly, an anti-Qing revolutionary publication in August 1908. "Xunxing" means galloping and moving forward quickly.
Later, many of Lu Xun's pen names were inherited from Lu Xun. For example, "Xun" is the abbreviation of "Lu Xun"; "L.S" is the English spelling prefix of the word "Lu Xun"; "L" is the first letter of "Lu" in English, and so on.
"Lu Xun", a pseudonym that Zhou Shuren began to use when he published Diary of a Madman at the age of 38, took literature as a weapon and launched a fierce attack on the feudal system of "cannibalism". This is the cornerstone of China's new culture movement. Since then, Lu Xun's name has gone down in history as the founder of modern literature in China.
After Diary of a Madman, Lu Xun's writing broke out. Lu Xun's works are like daggers, throwing them at the enemy's heart; The name "Lu Xun", like lightning that cuts through the night sky, illuminates the hearts of the public. He cut through the thorns, charged on the dangerous and rugged road, and walked towards the truth step by step.