——Southwestern Jiangxia Culture (2014 Chongqing) Forum Paper

Author: Huang Jingze

"Historical Records" records: Xie Gong Chun Shenjun was knowledgeable and generous by nature He was rugged, knowledgeable, and talented. He not only had political vision, but was also famous for his eloquence. He was a famous politician, military strategist, and social activist at that time.

In "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian, it is only said that he was from the Chu State, without specifying the location of the Chu State. So, where is Chun Shenjun’s hometown? It has become a great historical mystery.

According to the "General History of Chinese Surnames·Huang Surname", "Heping Pu, Chaozhou Pu, etc. say that his ancestral home is Renyi Village, Huanghe Township, Jiangxia County, Wuchang, Huguang. He was born in Silla (now North Korea). He returned to Chu The country still resides in Jiangxia." "The Genealogy of the Huang Family in Hunan" believes that Chun Shenjun still lives in the ancient Huang Kingdom, and says: "When Huang moved to Chu, his clan did not move to others." Today, when various places are scrambling to play celebrity cards, Huangchuan, Henan Province relies on Huangchuan is the ancestral land of the ancient Huang Kingdom. The King of Chu once granted 12 counties in Huaibei and Lord Chunshen, so it is presumed that this place is his hometown. The giver is not his former residence. In Shayang County, Hebei Province, there is only one record in the "Jingmen Prefecture Chronicle" that Chunshenjun's former residence was there, but there are no detailed records. With one ambition in mind, difficulties have been determined. Changde, Hunan, also relied on the "Four Revised Genealogy of Zhongxiang" to say that Huang Xie lived in central Guizhou (Changde). In one sentence, it was self-described as Huang Xie's former residence, which is also unconvincing. Chongqing Wuxi, which had a history of bordering Taiping County, also moved the Wanqing Pond in Wanyuan City to Hongchi Dam, which is hundreds of miles away from the original border. The Chongqing Municipal Government also allocated hundreds of millions to create the so-called hometown of Chun Shenjun. There are no official historical records in the above four places. It can only be said that Huang Xie visited and stayed in those places; either traveling or serving as an official.

Where is Chun Shenjun’s hometown? There is no definite conclusion in the academic circles. Judging from the existing historical documents, Chun Shenjun's hometown should be in Dazhou, Sichuan.

1. According to historical records, Chun Shenjun’s hometown is in Dazhou

There are not many historical records about Chun Shen Jun’s hometown. The earliest record is in "Illustrations": "Wanqing Pond, the former residence of Chun Shen Jun "It's a legacy." Some subsequent history books also had similar expressions. In other words, Chunshenjun's hometown recorded in official history is Wanqingchi. As long as Wanqingchi can be found, Chunshenjun's hometown can be determined. So, where is Wanqingchi?

In the eighth year of Yuanfeng's reign in the Song Dynasty, the "Dazhou" section of the "Yuanfeng Nine Cities Chronicles·Appendix" says: "Wanqing Pond, "Illustrations" says: It is also the legacy of Chun Shenjun's former residence." This is the earliest historical classic. Records linking Wanqingchi, Chunshenjun and Dazhou together.

In "Records of Yu (Yu) Land" written in the third year of Baoqing's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, according to Volume 21 of "Records of Scenic Spots in Central Sichuan", the article "Taiping County" quoted from the previous book says: "( Eighty miles northeast of the county, Wanqing Pond is the former residence of Lord Chun Shen. There are thousands of flat fields nearby, and all the water in neighboring towns originates from it. "

In the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Dazhou was transferred to Daxian County. All counties are provinces. The "Daming Yitongzhi" written in the fifth year of Dashun in the Ming Dynasty records that Wanqingchi is in Daxian. The direct description of Wanqingchi is the same as that of "Yuanyitongzhi".

The "Taiping County Chronicle" edited by Zhong Lian in the 60th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty records: "Wanqingchi, three hundred miles east of the county, is called Qianqingchi. It is south of Xiakou Mountain, close to the boundary of Jiaodaning County. Wanqing Mountain has deep valleys and pools of water. There are four water channels, one coming out of Beijiang in the county, one coming out of Daning, one coming out of Fengjie, and one coming out of Yunyang."

"Lei Shu": "The pond is in Dazhou, and it is said to be the former residence of Chunshenjun. There are thousands of hectares of flat fields next to it, and there are many flowers and fruit gardens."

2. The hometown of Chunshenjun Huang Xie is here Maliu, Da County

(1) The "Father of Shanghai" was actually from Dazhou

Recently, Mr. Deng Gao, a well-known local tourism and culture history scholar in our city, made an appointment with the reporter of "Dazhou Daily". Announced an astonishing conclusion he reached after 11 years of arduous research: "One of the four princes of the Warring States Period, Chun Shenjun, known as the father of Shanghai, was from Dazhou!" If this research is finally confirmed, then our city will The history and culture of the country will add another brilliance.

How did the famous Chun Shenjun in Chinese history become a native of Dazhou? According to Mr. Deng Gao, as early as 1992, he read the record about Chun Shenjun's hometown in the Maliu Ancient Wanqing Pond in Da County from the first draft of the newly compiled "Da County Chronicles". This discovery aroused Deng Gao's keen interest.

However, because the records in "Da County Chronicles" were suspected of being legendary, Deng Gao did not draw a hasty conclusion, and then began an 11-year careful research process. In 1995, he obtained further evidence of Wanqingchi, the hometown of Chun Shenjun, from Taiping County Chronicles annotated by Chen Yingluan of Sichuan University. In 1997, he learned about Dazhou from Dachuan District Chronicles·Jianzhi Volume. Historically, Wanzhou was named Wanzhou because of the Wanqing Pond in its territory; in 1999, he checked the records in the "Daxian Chronicle" of the Republic of China that Chun Shenjun's hometown was Wanqing Pond; in 2000, he read it from the "Shanghai Municipal Chronicle·Jianzhu Volume" It was learned that Shanghai was named Shencheng during the Warring States Period when it was a fiefdom of Chunshen Lord; in 2003, after on-the-spot investigation and extensive reading of "Cihai", "General History of China", "Historical Records", "General Chronicles of Sichuan" and other books, Mr. Deng Gao finally It is concluded that Wanqingchi, the hometown of Chunshenjun, is indeed located in Maliu, Da County today.

Chunshenjun is from Dazhou! If Mr. Deng Gao's conclusion is finally proved, it will not only solve the unsolved mystery of where Chun Shenjun's hometown is, but also add great color to the history and culture of our city.

(2) Wanqing Pond, the hometown of Chun Shenjun, is located in Maliu, Da County

It is recorded in "Da County Chronicles·Social Customs·Folklore": "Ma Liu is 90 miles southeast of Da County. There is a pond in the dam with a circumference of about several hundred feet. It is long and flat in shape. The mud is quite deep and cannot be cultivated. Farmers set it aside for water storage. According to legend, it is called the "Land Ni Lake" in ancient times, also known as Jianhu Lake in Chu. Chun Shenjun's hometown."

According to Qianlong's "Dazhou Chronicle", there is also a record about Chun Shenjun's hometown in Dazhou. Zhizhou Song Mingli wrote in the preface: "The embroidered soil of Weisha River is actually the famous area of ??Western Shu, with rugged wind ridges and sloping Baqu (sound: Yu); the name of the pond is ten thousand hectares, the hometown of Chun Shenjun's guests, and the mountains No. E City, the place where Wuyang Hou [Fan Kuai] wields his sword; the night moon shines on Dingxi Pavilion [Yuan Zhen], Du Yu cries red; the spring breeze rumbles from the spring in Bingxue, and the good fish raises green beans, and he produces on behalf of others. A great man; he was a great man of great rank (sound: Qiong Zhang), and he was passed down from generation to generation." This also proves that the events recorded in "Da County Chronicles" are not groundless.

Chen Yingluan of Sichuan University noted: "There are three people named after Wanqingchi, one at the entrance of the city, one at Shitangba in Wanyuan, and one in Daxian." "Taiping County Chronicle" also contains: "Guanmao Mountain, 120 miles southeast of the county, there is a pond in the middle of the mountain. Its depth is unpredictable. In the past, the dam fields were short of water, so the water was used to irrigate the fields. However, there was a loud roar in the pond, thunderstorms came suddenly, and the water stopped flowing. At night, the residents had a dream and told the people to hide. So the people built temples in the ditch, Qianshan and Qinglong, named Huilong Temple. The rain has not dried up, and the temples are still there. "County Chronicle" records: Guanmao Mountain is the main mountain of Shitangba. Halfway up the mountain is a dragon pond, which is more than ten acres in size and never overflows. According to legend, it is a thousand-hectare pond. Therefore, it is not the Maliu Wanqing Pond in Daxian County.

Comprehensive analysis: Chun Shenjun’s hometown is Maliu Wanqing Pond in Daxian County. First, because Wanqingchi in Chengkou County is located in deep mountains and old forests with high terrain and is the source of four rivers. During the Warring States Period, the place was still an ancient and inaccessible animal world, so it was not the hometown of Chun Shenjun. Second, the Dragon Pond in Guanmao Mountain, Shitangba, Wanyuan City, is only ten acres in size, which is very different from the Wanqing (150,000 acres) Pond, so it is not the hometown of Chun Shenjun. The third is Lanni Lake, the site of Wanqing Pond in Maliu today. It currently covers an area of ??nearly 500 acres. Before the lake was built for farmland, it was nearly 1,000 acres. Today's Lannihu Village is named after it. According to field surveys, the ancient Wanqing Pond was centered on today's Langnihu Village, with Mingyue River as its axis, and was bounded by today's Nianpan Bay, Dizang Temple, Tonggudui, Sifangbei, Lianzhai, Dafengchang, Tuqiao, Shuangyan Pond, Shahe River, Shibaozhai and Maliuchang are lakeside, and their area is not much different from ten thousand hectares, so they are worthy of their name. Fourth, there are traces of dredging on the river bank at the current Gale High Arch Bridge. According to analysis, in ancient times, there were huge rocks blocking this place, forming a waterfall. The inner side blocked the water of the Mingyue River and formed a pool of ten thousand hectares, while the outer waterfall was overhanging and washed away to form today's Dafeng Pool. Today, the work of dredging the river below the Mingyue River has never stopped. Especially during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Chengfang, an official in Huayuan Village, Tingzi Town, advocated water transportation on the Mingyue River. It is still passed down that Wei Ge Lao opened the river. Stories among the people.

In the second year of Datong (536 BC) during the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, Wanzhou was established in Tongchuan District, Dazhou City today because of the Wanqing Pond, and the state governed 6 counties. This shows the far-reaching influence of Wanqing Pond.

According to historical research, today's Tongluo Mountain Range (Leiyinpu) was the natural boundary between the ancient Chu Kingdom and the Ba Kingdom. At that time, the transportation from Wanqingchi to Ying, the capital of the Chu Kingdom (now Jiangling County, Jingzhou, Hubei Province) was relatively convenient. The main route was via Tanmu and Kaijiang to Wushankan, Tieqiao and Linjiang in Kaixian. You can then take a boat along the Xihe River and From Xiaojiang to Yunyang, the Yangtze River is connected and everything is smooth sailing.

In the Lanni Lake area of ??the ancient Wanqingchi site, there was a Ksitigarbha temple, with a couplet on the main entrance: "The forest is dense and the stream is secluded, recalling the spring application and registration; the bells ringing in the valley echo, and the Buddha statues are hidden in the mountain here." Baiyun Temple has the poem "Baiyun Temple Poems" written by the poet Li Bai to pay homage to Chun Shenjun, which says: "A phoenix fell on Nanya, and two real dragons played on the sand of Zhusha. White clouds grew continuously in Wanbao Village, and the red sun shone high in Qili Gorge." There is an ancient mound in Lannihu Village, which is about ten feet high and is said to be Huang Xie's tomb. In the past, it was said that the local people were "Ren Xia Shang Qi, and have the legacy of Huang Xie". Through detailed investigation of place names in Maliu and Dashu areas, a large number of place names containing historical information were found, especially those with strong correlations such as "Huangdu Township" and "Huangting Township".

(3) The Daxian County Government made every effort to build the hometown of Chunshenjun

1. The statue of Chunshenjun in Daxian County was installed at the World Expo

Recently, the Daxian County Party Committee, County The government presented a statue of Chun Shenjun to the Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee.

Shanghai and Da County have developed deep feelings because of Chun Shenjun. In order to strengthen the economic and cultural exchanges between Shanghai and Da County and build a bridge of friendly cooperation between the two places, Da County specially invited my country's top sculptor Ye Yushan The professor created a realistic bronze statue of Chun Shenjun with a height of 85 cm and a 1.2-meter-high ebony base, which was presented to the Shanghai World Expo for display.

2. Deng Gao from the Dazhou City Local Chronicles Office told reporters that it is understood that Daxian County has promoted the local area as the hometown of Chun Shenjun on many occasions in recent years, and the Sichuan University of Arts and Sciences also held an academic seminar for this purpose.

3. On March 16 this year, when the leaders of the Daxian County Party Committee met with the crew of the Daxian episode of the CCTV Chinese International Channel's "Traveling in China" column, they made it clear that Daxian County will make every effort to build the hometown of Chun Shenjun. Historical and cultural business cards.

The prime program "Traveling in China" of CCTV International Channel (CCTV-4) aired the feature film "The Legend of Spring" in 30 minutes at 20:00 on the evening of June 6, 2010. "Shen Jun's hometown is Daxian" has aroused the curiosity and attention of many people. In 262 BC, the King of Chu agreed to change his fiefdom to Wu. Chun Shenjun developed water conservancy in the fiefdom, developed the economy, and made the people prosperous. He was deeply loved by the people of Wu and passed it down from generation to generation. He was respected by Shanghai as the "Root of Shanghai—— "Chunshenjun" and "Father of Chinese Cities - Chunshenjun". Therefore, the feature film "The Legendary Chun Shen Jun's Hometown is in Daxian" is also a special program created by the "Traveling in China" column for the Shanghai World Expo.

4. CCTV focuses on the "Fire Dragon" in Daxian County and explores the legend of Chun Shenjun's hometown.

Chunshenjun was the only one of the Four Gentlemen of the Warring States Period who was not a member of the royal family. It is said among the people that Chunshenjun’s hometown is Daxian. There are many legends about Chunshenjun in the Maliu area of ??Daxian County. Recently, CCTV 4's "Traveling China" column team went to Daxian County and filmed "Fire-Burning Dragon" and "The Legendary Hometown of Chunshenjun" in Shiqiao Town and Dongxing Township. The column team also went to Maliu, Huangdu, Huangting and other places in Daxian County to explore the "Hometown of Chun Shenjun". The TV documentary excavated the city's characteristic culture and historical monuments and displayed Dazhou's rich history and culture.

5. The Internet has recognized that Chun Shenjun’s hometown is Dazhou.

6. The State Administration for Industry and Commerce approved the registered trademark named Chun Shenjun.

7. The song "Chunshen Jun's Hometown is in Dazhou" has been produced by the Chongqing Song and Dance Troupe.

8. The Daxian County Party Committee and Government decided that the relevant county departments will organize and take Maliu Town as the main host to prepare a construction plan for Chunshenjun’s hometown.

In 648 BC, the ancient Huang State was destroyed by the Chu State. The nobles and people of the Huang State were exiled by the Chu State and fled in panic. They left their hometown and went to the Wanqingchi area at the junction of the Chu State and the Ba State. It is the Maliu and Dashu areas in today's Daxian County. "Huangdu" and "Huangting" fully reflect that the people of the Huangguo country, whose country was destroyed and their family was destroyed, miss their homeland and hometown, and their dreams of returning to the country, which are no longer possible, are vividly immersed in the second hometown that provides blessing and hope.