Traditional villages are the precious heritage of the nation and are also non-renewable and potential tourism resources. Traditional villages embody the local traditional culture, architectural art and spatial pattern of villages and towns, and reflect the harmonious relationship between the village and the surrounding natural environment. It can be said that every village containing traditional culture is a living cultural heritage, embodying the cultural essence and spatial memory of the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. For example, some villages are located among mountains, rivers, lush forests and bamboos. They are cleverly integrated with the surrounding natural elements to form ideal settlements for human beings. These villages are often cleverly conceived in terms of spatial layout and relationship with the natural environment. They have been passed down for a long time and contain the historical wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. For example, Cangpo Village in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province, uses natural mountains and rivers to integrate the four treasures of Chinese literature. It is not only conducive to agricultural production and life, but also entrusts the ancestors' good wishes for the unity of nature and man, and the inheritance of farming and reading. These traditional villages are undoubtedly the precious heritage of the nation and are also non-renewable and potential tourism resources.
Traditional villages are the key to maintaining the circular economy characteristics of traditional agriculture. China is the country with the longest history of agricultural civilization in the world. In traditional agriculture, everything comes from the land and goes back to the land, with minimal interference to nature. Currently, China advocates circular economy, which to some extent means learning from traditional farming civilization and drawing experience and wisdom from primitive ecological civilization. Traditional villages enable farmers to farm nearby, adapt to the local climate, organically combine local soil, geology and farming techniques to cultivate many unique traditional products with local flavor. For example, thousands of local famous products such as West Lake Longjing are representatives of China's high-quality agricultural and sideline products, and these high-quality agricultural and sideline products are all based on traditional villages. Internationally accepted regional trademarks also prove that the circular economy and green economic model closely integrated with traditional villages is a fruitful agricultural development model. For example, in France, the number of natural villages has always remained at a high level, and many agricultural and sideline products closely integrated with these natural villages have become famous brands around the world. For example, the famous champagne in France is the sparkling fruit wine produced by every household in the main producing areas of champagne. There are also a large number of different brands of cheese in France, which are also closely related to different villages. Some brands of cheese even directly use the names of local villages. It can be seen that in order to develop China's traditional high-quality agricultural and sideline products and increase their added value, we must pay attention to the protection and improvement of traditional villages.
Traditional villages are the basis for developing rural tourism and innovating the development path of rural agriculture. International experience shows that mid-term urbanization is bound to be accompanied by the rise of tourism. Judging from the experience of developed countries, rural tourism is an important part of tourism, and the development of rural tourism requires the protection of traditional villages. South Korea launched a new rural construction movement in the 1970s and 1980s, distributing a large amount of cement and steel bars. The large-scale construction that lasted for more than 10 years changed the appearance of many traditional villages. In the 1990s, Koreans seriously reflected on the large-scale demolition and construction of traditional villages in the past. They believed that many valuable tourism resources had been lost, so they restarted the rural beautification movement to correct the mistakes of the past large-scale demolition and construction, and restore local areas in a timely manner. The layout of the village, unique architectural style, cultural traditions, agricultural and sideline products, local folk festivals, etc., combined with the beautiful pastoral scenery, attract a large number of tourists to travel to South Korea's rural areas, causing the income of local farmers to continue to grow. According to Chinese practice, whether in Sichuan, Zhejiang, or Fujian, in any rural area that persists in protecting traditional villages and developing farmhouses, farmers’ incomes grow faster than in other areas. These places have been able to transcend the primary stage of industrialization where "every village is lit on fire and every household is smoking", and directly lead the cultivation and production of green agricultural and sideline products with farmhouse entertainment and rural tourism, realizing that the primary industry and the tertiary industry go hand in hand, and creating a new path. A green and sustainable new path for rural agricultural development. The development of these new roads to wealth must be based on traditional villages. Without the protection and utilization of traditional villages, innovative development paths are impossible.
Traditional villages are effective carriers of social capital for farmers.
The so-called social capital is, in addition to economic capital and natural capital, the sum of people's familiarity and understanding of the surrounding environment, nature and interpersonal relationships, as well as the traditional skills and knowledge they already possess. The loss of social capital is, to some extent, more serious than the loss of economic capital and natural capital. For example, in rural China, the poor people are often farmers in some reservoir resettlement villages. They are farmers who were forced to leave their homes and move to other places due to the construction of major projects. Although the government has provided large amounts of economic compensation, their lives are still relatively poor. Because they lost almost all their social capital, their familiarity and adaptation to the natural environment and climate, their knowledge of the surrounding mountains and rivers, and their interpersonal relationships with many relatives and friends, they fell back into poverty. Therefore, many immigrants who have been compensated sufficiently are now returning to their original places of life. An important reason is to reintegrate into places with social capital. Traditional farming and daily life in rural areas are inseparable from mutual help and learning. Traditional villages are not only the geographical environment that farmers brothers identify with psychologically, but also an effective carrier of their social capital. They are also home to many local dialects, customs, handicrafts, and traditions. An effective carrier of intangible culture such as festivals. These can become valuable resources for economic and social development. Destroying these resources is equivalent to cutting off a way for farmers to get rich.
Traditional villages are the cultural roots of overseas Chinese scattered around the world and the vast number of compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The Chinese nation is a nation that respects its ancestors. The core of a traditional Chinese village is the clan ancestral hall, which is completely different from the Western village where the church is the core. Traditional villages often become an important carrier for connecting family bloodlines and inheriting ethnic culture. They are a place where overseas Chinese, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan come to trace their roots and inquire about their ancestors. Although they are thousands of miles away, they always come back to find their roots. It can be seen that if these traditional villages are lost, the cohesion of the Chinese nation will be weakened to a great extent.
Traditional villages are an important barrier to homeland security. Some countries and regions attach great importance to the protection and development of settlements in border areas because these settlements play an irreplaceable role in homeland security and territorial disputes. China has a long national border, but some of its borders are disputed with some neighboring countries, posing serious threats to homeland security and territorial integrity. There is an important principle in the international practice of resolving territorial disputes, that is, if nationals of a certain country live within the disputed territory for a long time, it can be used as an important basis for determining territorial ownership. In recent years, some border provinces in China have ignored the special role of traditional villages in homeland security in the process of urbanization. They have unilaterally pursued the level of urbanization, are unwilling to invest in villages scattered along the border, and have unrealistic hopes of passing The overall relocation method has enabled the residents of these villages to quickly escape poverty. For example, some coastal provinces early put forward the idea of ??"relocating small islands to larger islands" and relocated residents from small islands to large islands or even land, turning some islands that had been inhabited for a long time into uninhabited islands. This approach is tantamount to "abolishing martial arts" in territorial and territorial sea disputes. Therefore, judging from historical lessons and international experience, traditional villages, especially those in border areas, are of great significance to homeland security.
From the analysis of the six functions of traditional villages, the protection of traditional villages is extremely important. However, China has yet to conduct a comprehensive survey of traditional villages, and has many concerns about this ancestral family heritage. In recent years, traditional villages have disappeared rapidly. Due to historical aging, the buildings in some traditional villages are dilapidated and cannot be repaired. In addition, the phenomenon of hollow villages caused by a large number of young laborers going out to work has accelerated the decline and damage of traditional villages; in some traditional villages, villagers who have gone out to work have seen the spacious and bright high-rise buildings in the city. Buildings and convenient and fast modern life have led to urgent changes in living conditions and disorderly construction and renovation of housing, resulting in new buildings that are extremely inconsistent with historical buildings and local features, and destroying the ancient style of traditional villages. In addition, excessive tourism development has led to blind demolition of old and new construction, demolition of real and fake construction, and some road and railway projects that have "disemboweled" villages, etc., have also destroyed traditional villages. In the next 20 years, China's urbanization will continue to develop rapidly.
In such a special historical period, it is necessary to grasp the basic situation of traditional villages, strengthen the protection of traditional villages, and avoid destroying traditional villages due to various reasons such as wrong concepts and short-term development interests, so that traditional villages can inherit history and culture and ensure homeland security. It is undoubtedly a very important task to play an important role in revitalizing tourism and promoting sustainable development in rural areas.
Beijing’s new plan: the protection of traditional villages should be included in the city’s master plan
On December 30, 2014, the 12th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th CPPCC Committee was held. The Standing Committee reviewed and approved the proposal, calling for the early study and promulgation of the "Beijing Traditional Village Protection Regulations" and the inclusion of traditional village protection into the "Beijing City Master Plan" and the "Beijing Historical and Cultural City Protection Plan". The meeting decided that the third session of the 12th CPPCC National Committee will be held on January 21, 2015.
Beijing’s 5 “Famous Historical and Cultural Villages in China”
●Cuandixia Village, Zhaitang Town, Mentougou
●Lingshui Village, Zhaitang Town, Mentougou
●Liuliqu Village, Longquan Town, Mentougou
●Jiaozhuanghu Village, Longwantun Town, Shunyi District
●Shuiyu Village, Nanjiao Township, Fangshan