Hazard 2: It will cause the patient to lose protein and other nutrients. Due to the shedding of a large amount of psoriasis from acne, it will lead to a large loss of nutrients such as protein. Due to the massive shedding of psoriasis, proteins, vitamins, folic acid and other substances that make up the skin are lost. If the skin damage persists for many years without healing and spreads throughout the body, it will lead to hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition anemia. The clinical manifestations include fatigue, fatigue, pale complexion, susceptibility to colds and other symptoms. You can make things like (萱(change to 廯)?萶? Cream=========

=============The Great Wall is not just A single city wall is a complete defensive engineering system composed of various defensive fortifications such as city walls, watchtowers, gates, piers, camps, guards, and town beacons. It is commanded and controlled step by step by military command systems at all levels. [1] The wall is the main part of the city wall, with an average height of 7.8 meters, and some areas are built lower where the hills are steep. , the flat places are built higher; critical places are higher, and ordinary places are lower. The wall is the main part to defend against the enemy. Its total thickness is wider, with the base width being 6.5 meters, and the average width of the wall and floor also being 2.5 meters. 5.8 meters, ensuring that two baggage carriages can run parallel to each other. The wall is composed of an outer eaves wall and an inner eaves wall. The inner eaves wall is filled with soil and gravel. The outer eaves wall refers to the side of the outer wall that is built toward the outside of the city. , The score is generally 125% of the wall height. The score of the wall can increase the width of the lower part of the wall, enhance the stability of the wall, strengthen its defensive performance, and make the outer wall majestic. The inner eaves wall refers to the outer skin. On the inner side of the wall, there is usually no obvious cutoff during construction. It is constructed as a vertical wall. Regarding the thickness of the outer eaves wall, it is generally based on the thickness of the wall at the "creas". The thickness here is generally one and a half bricks. The bricks are thicker as they go down. The wall of the Great Wall is the main part of this defense project. It is built in high mountains or dangerous plains. It is built according to the needs of terrain and defensive functions. It is built very tall and strong in plains or key passes, while it is relatively low and narrow in dangerous places in high mountains to save manpower and costs. It is even convenient to build in some of the steepest places where it is impossible to build. The methods of "dangerous mountain wall" and "split gable wall" were adopted. The Great Wall walls in Juyongguan, Badaling, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu and other regions are generally about 7.8 meters high on average, about 6.7 meters thick at the bottom, and wide at the top. About 4 or 5 meters. On the top of the city wall, there is a wall on the inside, more than 1 meter high, to prevent patrol soldiers from falling. There is a crenel wall on the outside, about 2 meters high. There is a lookout on the upper part of the crenel wall and a shooting hole on the lower part. There are also stone-pounding holes for observing the enemy's situation, shooting, and rolling stones. There are also layers of barrier walls on the top of some important city walls to resist enemies who might climb the walls. When Qi Jiguang was transferred to the post of Commander-in-Chief of Jizhen, he made major improvements to the defenses of the Great Wall. Watchtowers or enemy towers were set up on the top of the city wall to accommodate patrolling soldiers and store weapons, food and socks, which greatly enhanced the defensive function of the Great Wall. [1] The structural content of the wall is determined according to the local climate conditions. Overall, there are several types of construction methods of the Great Wall: 1. rammed earth wall; 3. adobe wall. Brick wall; 5. Brick-and-stone mixed construction; 7. Earth-connected brick construction. When the terrain is small, the bricks or strips of stone are laid parallel to the terrain. When the slope of the terrain is large, the horizontal falling method is used. There are a large number of beacons (beacon towers) set up in the Beacon Great Wall system as an information transmission system, which is the oldest but effective way of transmitting messages. In ancient times, there were two types of border alarm signals. When there was an enemy situation, smoke was set off during the day to call "beacon", and fire was raised at night to call "feng". The platforms were connected to each other to transmit messages. Burning smoke during the day and raising fire at night is because the sunlight is very strong during the day, the fire is difficult to see, and the smoke is relatively eye-catching; while the smoke is not visible at night, the fire can be seen from a long distance. This is a very scientific method. In order to report the number of incoming enemy soldiers, the number of smoke and fire was also used to distinguish them. In the Ming Dynasty, the sound of cannons was also added to the smoke and fires to enhance the alarm effect and enable military information to be quickly communicated thousands of miles away. According to the system of the Ming Dynasty, raising one smoke and firing one cannon indicated the arrival of about 100 enemies; raising two smokes and firing two cannons indicated the arrival of about 500 enemies; raising three smokes and firing three cannons indicated the arrival of more than 1,000 enemies.

According to the location and function of the beacons, the beacons can be divided into four groups: the beacon towers located deep in the desert are the frontline for issuing warnings, the beacon towers set up along both sides of the Great Wall transmit information along the line, and the beacon towers leading from the Great Wall to the capital A series of beacon towers were connected to the central government of the dynasty, and a group of beacon towers were connected to the local government and garrison near where the Great Wall was located. The construction of beacons preceded the Great Wall, but since the emergence of the Great Wall, the beacon towers along the Great Wall have been closely integrated with the Great Wall, becoming an important part of the Great Wall's defense system, and some are built on the Great Wall. In the Han Dynasty, beacons were called beacons (fenghou) and pavilions. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, they were called beacon towers. The word "beacon" was also extended to beacon towers. In the Ming Dynasty, they were generally called yandun or piers (Northwestern Ming Dynasty piers). , the big ones also have the function of fending off enemies, while the small ones only have the function of beaconing without any hope). Beacon towers are generally about 10 miles apart, and some were about 5 miles apart in the Ming Dynasty. The layout of the beacons is also very important. The key is to place them in dangerous places on mountains or winding roads, and the three adjacent beacons must be within sight of each other so that they can be viewed and transmitted at any time. In addition to conveying military information, beacons also provided services such as protecting the safety of envoys, providing food and accommodation, and supplying horses and fodder. In some sections of the Great Wall, there are only beacon towers and pavilions without walls. [1]? Castles Castles are divided into acropolis, garrison or ganhusuo castle and castle castle according to their levels. They are arranged inside the Great Wall according to the requirements of defense system and military system, and some are located outside the wall. The first platform of the Great Wall - Zhenbei Taiwei and Suo City are about a hundred miles apart. The Acropolis has a circumference of 6-9 miles, and the Qianhu Suo City has a circumference of 4-5 miles. It is built with brick walls and has horse faces and Corner towers and urn walls were built at the city gates. Some city gates also had a moon city or a wing city opposite the urn city gate to strengthen the control of the city gates. There are government offices, barracks, residences and temples in the city. The distance between the guard and the Suo City and the Great Wall may be close or far, depending on the location within the Great Wall, where the terrain is gentle and convenient for settlement.

1.?

Forts, also called side forts, are about 10 miles apart and 1-3 miles in circumference. They are surrounded by brick walls, with 1-2 gates and urn gates. There are garrison barracks, schools, and temples in the city. The distance between the border fort and the Great Wall is generally no more than 10 miles, so you can quickly board the city in case of police.

Guancheng

The most powerful pass in the world - Jiayuguan

Guancheng is the most concentrated defensive stronghold along the Great Wall defense line. The location of the Guancheng is very important. They are all chosen in favorable terrain for defense, so as to achieve the effect of resisting powerful invaders with very few troops. In ancient times, it was said that "one man can guard the pass, and ten thousand people cannot open it", vividly It illustrates the importance of Guancheng.

There are many Guanchengs along the Great Wall, large and small. Take the Guancheng of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty as an example, there are nearly a thousand places, large and small. Some large pass cities also have many small passes near them. For example, there are more than ten small pass cities near Shanhaiguan, which together form the defense engineering construction system of the Great Wall. [1]?

Length

Edit

Due to their long history, most of the Great Walls in the early dynasties are incomplete. The ones that are relatively well preserved are those built in the Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall, so people generally refer to the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, and the length of the Great Wall refers to the length of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.

The State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping jointly announced on April 18, 2009

Badaling Great Wall

The Ming Great Wall starts from Hushan, Liaoning in the east and ends in Gansu in the west. Jiayuguan passes from east to west through 156 counties in ten provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) including Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai, with a total length of 8851.8 kilometers. It passes through 359.7 kilometers of trenches and 2232.5 kilometers of natural hazards.

On June 5, 2012, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced at the Juyongguan Great Wall in Beijing that after nearly five years of investigation, it was determined that the total length of the Great Wall in China is 21,196.18 kilometers, including Great Wall walls, trenches, and individual structures. There are 43,721 Great Wall heritage sites including buildings, forts and related facilities. This is the first time in China that the total length of the Great Wall has been measured scientifically and systematically. This survey and identification of the Great Wall not only confirmed the length of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty measured in 2009, but also carried out a survey of the resources of the Great Wall of the Qin, Han and other eras.

[30]?

Main Passes

Editor

Shanhaiguan Pass in 1580

The Great Wall Passes include: Jiayu Pass, Shanhaiguan Pass, Juyong Pass, Yumen Pass, Jingxing Pass, Niangzi Pass, Yanmen Pass, Piantou Pass, Pingxing Pass, Gubeikou, Xifengkou, Yulinsai, Huangya Pass, Waqiao Pass, Hushan Great Wall, Yafu Pass, Niuzhuang City, Fenshui Pass, Ningyuan City , Yangguan, Pingdingbaocheng, Qingyangguan, Xin'anguan, Zhenyuanguan, Jinzhou City, Mashuikou, Daomaguan, Jiumenmenguan, Laolongtou, Dongjiakou, Liujiakou, Malanguan, Xinkou, Chajianlingguan , Jinshanling, Dushikou, Zhangjiakou, Mashikou, Yangfangpu Pass, Shuikou Pass, Zijing Pass, Xuanhua City, Santunying, Sandao Pass, Damaoshan Pass, Yiyuankou, Jielingkou, Chongyukou , Xuliukou, Lengkou Pass, Baiyangyu Pass, Qingshan Pass, Tiemenguan, Panjiakou, Longjing Pass, Hongshankou, Shangguan, Changyukou, Langwogoukou, Xinhekou, Baishikou Pass, Futu Yuguan Pass, Wulonggou Pass, Feihu Pass, Widow Tower, Simatai, Mutianyu Pass, Yanhe City, Jiangjun Pass, Baima Pass, Lupi Pass, Hefangkou, Lianhuachi Pass, Huanghuacheng Pass, Bangdaokou Pass, Jiukong Tower, Sihai Yekou, Juyansai Ancient City, Jiluxai, Gaoque Fortress, Datong City, Shahukou, Weilubaokou, Jinsuoguan, Huangzeguan, Huangyuguan,

Beiloukou, Ningwuguan, Liminbaokou, Deshengkou, Zhenhongbaokou, Pingyuanbao, Xinpingbaokou, Baopingbaokou, Huamenbao, Wayaokou Fort, Zhenning Fort, Zhenkou Fort, Shoukou Fort, Zhenbian Fort, Zhenchuan Fort, Hongci Fort, Zhenqiang Fort, Juqiang Fort, Shumen Fort, Zhuma Fort, Polu Fort entrance, Baoan Fort Entrance, Ninglu Fort Entrance, Pohu Fort Entrance, Canhu Fort Entrance, Ma Bao Entrance, Yunshi Fort Entrance, Shaojiabao Entrance, Dahe Fort Entrance, Baihu Fort Entrance, Yingen Fort Entrance, and Zhe Hubaokou, Jiangjunhuibao, Yajiaoshan, Laoyingbao, Hongmenkou, Laoniuwanbao, Yangfangkou, Baicao Pass, Guangwucheng, Beiloukou, Langyakou, Longquan Pass, Guguan, Heduling Kou, Malingguan, Zhiguolingkou, Junjiguan, Wuqi Qin Great Wall, etc.

Representative area

Editor

Shanhaiguan

Shanhaiguan is known as the first pass in the world. It is located 15 kilometers northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. Kilometers is where the Great Wall enters the sea. The total length is 26 kilometers, mainly including: Laolongtou Great Wall, South Wing Great Wall, Guancheng Great Wall, North Wing Great Wall, Jiaoshan Great Wall, Sandaoguan Great Wall and Jiumenmen Great Wall. Laolongtou Great Wall is the end part of the Great Wall where it enters the sea.

Shanhaiguan City consists of seven castles: Guancheng, Dongluo City, Xiluo City, South Wing City, North Wing City, Weiyuan City and Ninghai City. It is surrounded by seven castles with a length of 4769 meters, a height of 11.6 meters, The city wall is more than 10 meters thick, tall, solid and majestic. There are four city gates in the east, west, south and north, turrets in the southeast and northeast corners of the city, and a majestic bell and drum tower in the middle of the city. The entire Acropolis has a magnificent building scale and solid defense projects. Shanhaiguan is the product of the "Guardian Military System" created in the Ming Dynasty. The "field system" and reform policies of the Ming Dynasty played an important role in the consolidation and development of Shanhaiguan. [31]?

Jinshanling Great Wall

Jinshanling Great Wall is located in the Yanshan Mountains at the junction of Miyun County and Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province. It starts from Longyukou in the west and ends at Wangjing Tower in the east, with a total length of 10.5 kilometers. There are 67 watchtowers of different structures along the line, 2 beacon towers, and 5 large and small passes. The watchtowers on the Great Wall here are densely packed, usually 50-100 meters each. The wall is based on huge rocks, 5-8 meters high, and has There are horse blocking walls, stacking walls and barrier walls, all in various forms and with their own characteristics. [32]?

The Badaling Great Wall

The Badaling Great Wall is located in Yanqing, Beijing. It is the most representative section of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. It is the outpost of Juyongguan and has an altitude of 1,015 meters. It was an important military structure in the Ming Dynasty. Pass and an important barrier to Beijing. [33]?

In 1961, the State Council designated Badaling Guancheng and City Wall as national key cultural relics protection units. In 1984, 19 city towers were restored, and the city wall was 3,741 meters long, bringing the total tourist area to 19,000 square meters. In 1986, Badaling was rated as one of the sixteen scenic spots in New Beijing. In 1987, the United Nations accepted the Great Wall as a "World Cultural Heritage". In August 1991, the Badaling Great Wall received the Human Cultural Heritage Certificate from UNESCO at the Palace Museum in Beijing. In December 1991, Badaling ranked first among the top 40 tourist attractions in China.

[34]?

Dajingmen Great Wall

Dajingmen Great Wall is located in the urban area of ??Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. It is the only pass in the Great Wall named after a gate and one of the four major passes in the Great Wall. .

The Dajingmen Great Wall was built during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. It is located between the towering East and West Taiping Mountains. It is the key pass of the Great Wall and the key to the border pass. The door wall of Dajingmen is 12 meters high, 13 meters long at the bottom and 9 meters wide. On the west side is the Xijing Gate (Xiaojing Gate) built during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty. The scenic area includes the West Taiping Mountain Great Wall Park, Laiyuan Fort, Xiaojingmen, Guandi Temple, Erlang Temple, Shanshen Temple and many other historical sites of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Jiaoshan Great Wall

Jiaoshan Great Wall is 3 kilometers north of Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. It is the remnant of Yanshan Mountain and is the highest peak of the northern mountain barrier of Guancheng, with an altitude of 519 meters. Its peak has a large flat top, which is wide enough to seat hundreds of people. There are huge boulders, which look like dragon heads with horns, hence the name. Jiaoshan is the first mountain peak that the Great Wall crosses from Laolongtou to the north, so people also call it "the first mountain on the Great Wall".

The Jiaoshan Great Wall was built in the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. It stretches 1,536 meters from Hanmenguan at the foot of the mountain to the flat top. Most of the city walls are made of local materials, made of rubble, and some are made of city bricks and long strips of stone. The height and width of the Jiaoshan Great Wall have obvious characteristics of adapting to the mountain conditions. The height of the Great Wall here is generally 7-10 meters, and the average width is 4-5 meters. In places where the mountains are steep, some are built using cliffs, which can be as narrow as 2.7 meters wide. These wall sections are very steep on the outside and difficult to attack; and very low on the inside, making it easy to climb the wall for combat. [35]?

Qingshan Pass Water Gate

Qingshan Pass is located in the north of Qianxi County, Hebei Province. It is named after the Daqing Mountains on both sides of the pass. It was built in the Hongwu Period of the Ming Dynasty and was guarded by The road reaches Saibei grassland outside and reaches Santunying, Jizhou town in the interior. The geographical location is very important. The mountains on both sides of Guancheng arch against each other, and the Great Wall rises from the south and winds westward, making Qingshan Pass even more dangerous and majestic. According to historical records, Qingshan Pass was rebuilt many times after it was built. Especially after the two battles between the national hero Qi Jiguang and the Mongolian Duoyan tribe took place here, Qi Jiguang personally supervised the construction of the Qingshan Pass Great Wall on the original basis, forming the current pattern.

The Qingshan Pass Water Gate is known as the first gate of the Great Wall. It is the only lift-type water gate that is well preserved along the Great Wall. After the watergate was repaired, only half of the slot for the lift-type door remained. [36]?

Mutianyu Great Wall

Mutianyu Great Wall is located in Huairou District and is one of the New Sixteen Scenic Spots in Beijing. It is connected to the Juyongguan Great Wall to the west and Gubeikou to the east. The open 2,250-meter section of the Great Wall is characterized by crenellations on both sides of the Great Wall, especially the three watchtowers standing side by side at Zhengguantai. The famous landscapes include arrow buckles, ox horn edges, and eagles flying upside down. Located at the western end of the Mutianyu Great Wall. In 1992, it was rated as the best tourist destination in the world in Beijing. In 2002, it was rated as a 4A-level scenic spot.

Due to its very important geographical location, Mutianyu has been a military hub for defending Beijing since ancient times. This section of the Great Wall connects Juyongguan in Changping County, Beijing, to the west, and Gubeikou, Miyun County, Beijing, to the east. It was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is known as the "dangerous mountain pass". [37]?

Simatai Great Wall

Simatai Great Wall is located in Gubeikou Town, northeast of Miyun County, Beijing, 120 kilometers away from Beijing.

The Simatai Great Wall starts from Wangjing Tower in the east and ends at Houchuankou in the west, with a total length of 5.4 kilometers. There are 35 watchtowers in total. The entire section of the Great Wall is exquisitely conceived and uniquely designed. Professor Luo Zhewen, a Great Wall expert, once commented: The Great Wall of China is the tallest in the world, and the Simatai Great Wall is also the tallest in China. The Simatai Great Wall was included in the World Heritage List in 1987 and is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is the only ancient architectural site in China that retains its original appearance from the Ming Dynasty. [38]?

Gubeikou Great Wall

Gubeikou Great Wall is located in Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province. It is the most complete Great Wall system in the history of the Great Wall in China. It is composed of the Great Wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, including four sections: Wohu Mountain, Panlong Mountain, Jinshanling and Simatai. Gubeikou is the Great Wall fortress between Shanhaiguan and Juyongguan. It is the throat of the Liaodong Plain and Inner Mongolia to the Central Plains. It has always been a battleground for military strategists, especially in the five dynasties of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing. The battles for Gubeikou, large and small, have never stopped, so the role of the Great Wall has become particularly important.

[39]?

Jiankou Great Wall

Jiankou Great Wall is located in Badaohe Township, northwest of Huairou County, Beijing (formerly part of Chengde City, Hebei Province), about 30 kilometers away from Huairou County. The mountains are very varied, and the Great Wall on the dangerous peaks and cliffs also looks more majestic and dangerous. The Jiankou Great Wall is so named because the entire section of the Great Wall winds in a W shape, resembling a bow full of arrows.

The Jiankou Great Wall is the most precipitous and majestic section of the Great Wall in Beijing. It is heavily naturally weathered and has no artificial modifications. The top of the oil basket, the general guarding the pass, the ladder to heaven, the eagle flying upside down, the Jiuyan tower, Beijing knot and Wangjing tower stretch for more than 20 kilometers. [40]?

Zhenbeitai

Zhenbeitai was built in the 35th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1607). It is three kilometers away from the historical and cultural city of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province. It is the site of the Great Wall The most grand and majestic building in the Great Wall, it is also the most majestic military fortress and observation post on the Great Wall. There are "one of the three wonders" of the Great Wall of China: Shanhaiguan in the east, Zhenbeitai in the middle, Jiayuguan in the west) and "Tianxia" The first one". It is an important part of the world cultural heritage - the Great Wall and a national key cultural relics protection unit. [41-42]?

The Zhenbeitai Fortress is dangerous and square in shape, with 4 floors and a height of more than 30 meters. The platform base is 82 meters long in the north, 76 meters long in the south, and 64 meters long in the east and west, covering an area of ??5056 square meters.

Jiayuguan Great Wall

Jiayuguan Great Wall is located in the southwest corner of Jiayuguan City. It is named after it was built at the foot of Jiayu Mountain. It is the starting point of the western end of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. It was built in the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1372). , is the best-preserved city gate along the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, the first pass in Hexi, and an important stop on the Silk Road. The city gate is a complete defense system consisting of an inner city, an outer city and a moat. It is made of rammed loess and is surrounded by city bricks. It is strong and majestic.

Guancheng is trapezoidal in plan, covering an area of ??more than 33,500 square meters, with a total length of 733 meters and a height of 11.7 meters. The tower is symmetrical in the east and west, with three bays in width and corridors around it. The three-story resting top is 17 meters high and is majestic. There are turrets on the four corners of Guancheng, two stories high, shaped like a bunker. Looking from a distance from the Dengguan Tower, you can have a panoramic view of the scenery beyond the Great Wall. [43]?

Hushan Great Wall

Hushan Great Wall is located in the Hushan Scenic Area on the bank of the Yalu River, 15 kilometers east of Dandong City, Liaoning. The main peak of Hushan is 146.3m high. The summit is the first beacon tower of the Great Wall. Standing on the beacon tower and looking around, you can clearly see Uiju in North Korea, Mashi Shazhou in China, and the Yalu River Bridge connecting Dandong and Sinuiju. [44]?

Jiumenkou Great Wall

Jiumenkou Great Wall is located in Xintaizi Village, Lijia Village, Suizhong County, Liaoning Province, 15 kilometers away from Shanhaiguan, with a total length of 1,704 meters. Its southern end starts from the cliffs of Wei Peak and connects with the Great Wall coming from the direction of Shanhaiguan. Since then, the Great Wall has extended north along the ridge to the south bank of the local Jiujiang River. A huge bridge across the river has been built on the Jiujiang River, which is up to 100 meters wide, so as to meander north among the mountains. "The city walks on the water, and the water flows in the city." is people's image description of the Jiumenmen Great Wall. [45]?

Datong Great Wall

Datong was one of the nine important towns in the Ming Dynasty and had an important strategic position. The Great Wall of Datong was built during the Jiajing period by Weng Wanda, the governor of Xuanda. The Great Wall of Datong Town starts from Zhenkootai, Tianzhen County in the east and ends at Yajiao Mountain (now Qingshuihezi, Inner Mongolia) in the west, with a total length of 335 kilometers. According to the statistics of "Sanyun Cao Zu Kao·Datong General Town Illustration", Datong Town has successively built 516.3 miles of large and two sides; 72 castles (20 cities and 52 forts); 776 border towns; and 833 fire road piers. It is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. [46]?

Juyong Pass

Juyong Pass, known as “the most majestic pass in the world”, is one of the oldest and most famous passes on the Great Wall. Juyongguan is located in the Guangou Canyon 48 kilometers northwest of Beijing. There is a temple sandwiched between two mountains, with a steep mountain shape and a flowing water. There are temples, offices, pavilions and warehouses in Guancheng. The canyon where Guancheng is located belongs to the mountainous area of ??the military capital of the Taihang Mountains and is famous for its danger. The literati of the past dynasties left many praising poems here, and Emperor Qianlong also personally mentioned the four words "Juyong Pincui" here, which became the first of the famous "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanshan". [47]?

Yanmen Pass Great Wall

Yanmen Pass, also known as Xixing Pass, is famous for its "danger". There is a saying that "there are nine fortresses in the world, and Yanmen is the leader." Located in Yanmen Mountain about 20 kilometers north of Dai County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, China, it is an important pass on the Great Wall. Together with Ningwuguan and Pianguan, it is called the "Three Outer Passes".

In 2001, Yanmen Pass was announced by the People's Republic of China and the State Council as one of the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Yanmen Mountain was called Gouzhu Mountain in ancient times. The peaks here are tall and straight, and the terrain is dangerous. The construction of Yanmen Pass "strengthens the vassal guards of the Tong Dynasty on the outside, strengthens the key of Taiyuan on the inside, reaches the three passes at the root, and leads to the whole Jin Dynasty at the throat". Legend has it that when spring comes every year, geese from the south fly north, carrying reed leaves in their mouths, and fly to Yanmen and hover for a long time, until the leaves fall before they can pass. Therefore, there is a saying that "in Yanmen Mountain, geese fly out of it".

Cultural Relics Protection

Editor

In 1952, the Chinese government organized and carried out the Juyongguan, Badaling and Shanhaiguan Great Wall maintenance projects. This was the first batch of Great Wall protection projects in New China. Maintenance works. [48]?

On March 4, 1961, the Great Wall - Badaling, the Great Wall - Shanhaiguan, and the Great Wall - Jiayuguan were listed in the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. [49]?

In December 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage. [9]?

On September 20, 2006, the 150th executive meeting of the State Council passed the "Great Wall Protection Regulations", which came into effect on December 1, 2006. [50]?

In 2008, Shandong launched the "Qi Great Wall Resource Survey" project. After nearly four years of unremitting efforts, it completed the early field investigation of the Great Wall and achieved a comprehensive survey of the Great Wall for the first time. After inspection, it was finally confirmed that the total length of the Qi Great Wall is 641,322.40 meters. Based on the detailed information obtained from the Qi Great Wall resource survey, the "Qi Great Wall Overall Protection Plan" was compiled and completed. [16]?

In 2011, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage basically completed the "four things" work on the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty and improved the Great Wall resource information system. [51]?

The Great Wall

In 2012, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage completed the measurement and data release of the Great Wall. [52]?

In 2013, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage issued the "China World Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Early Warning System Construction Plan" to carry out monitoring pilot projects for 10 world cultural heritage sites; guide various localities to do a good job in the protection and maintenance of the Great Wall and the "four There’s” groundwork. [53]?

On April 27, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Preparation and Establishment of the Mudanjiang Border Wall Protection Plan" (Heiwen Guanzi [2014] No. 17), agreeing to the Mudanjiang Border Wall Preparation and establishment of conservation planning projects. [54]?

On April 30, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Renovation Project of Guangyu Gate North Gate of Yulin Acropolis" (Shaanxi Wenwuzi [2014] No. 81), agreeing with Shaanxi The provincial Yulin Acropolis north gate Guangyu Gate renovation project was approved (Great Wall recognition code: 610802353102170029). [55]?

On April 30, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the "Great Wall of Qi - Rescue Protection Plan for the Section from Dongshan to Shanzhou Village, Shijiakuang, Huangdao"" ( Lu Wenfa [2014] No. 459), agrees in principle with the protection plan for the section of the Qi Great Wall from Shijiakuang Dongshan to Shanzhou Village, Huangdao. [56]?

On April 30, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Protection and Maintenance Project of the Great Wall Cultural Relics in the Qingshuiheshihuliang Section of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty" (Neiwenfa [2014] No. 282) , approved the establishment of the protection and maintenance project for the Qingshuiheshihuliang section of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. [57]?

On May 5, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Repair Project Plan for the East and North Walls of the Hedian City Site" (Liao Wenwu [2015] No. 49), Agree in principle with the repair project plan for the east and north walls of the Hedian City ruins (Great Wall recognition code: 210624353102170007). [58]?

On May 18, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Reporting the Emergency Reinforcement Project of Damaobao Great Wall—East Wall and South Wall Plans" (Liao Cultural Relics [2015] 54 No.), agree in principle with the rescue and reinforcement project plan for the east and south walls of the Damaobao Great Wall (Great Wall recognition code: 210781353102170002). [59]?

On June 12, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Report on the Submission of the Cultural Relics Protection Plan for the Water Supply Pipeline Crossing the Great Wall for the Jiayuguan City Drinking Water Source Relocation Project" (issued by Ganwen Bureau [59] 2015〕No. 183), agree in principle with Plan B of the proposed Jiayuguan City drinking water source relocation project for water supply pipelines 2, 4, 5, and 6 to pass through the Great Wall from underground through pipe jacking.

[60]?

The Great Wall

On June 8, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Report on the Renovation Project of the Linze Section of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall (Phase I)" (Gan Wen Bureau Fa [2015] No. 70) was received and approved the Ming Dynasty Great Wall Linze Section Repair (Phase I) Project. [61]?

On June 9, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Emergency Repair Project of Yanzi No. 7-11 Enemy Platform in the Mentougou Section of the Beijing Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty" (Beijing Cultural Relics [2015] No. 42), approved the establishment of the emergency repair project for the No. 7-11 enemy platform along the Mentougou section of the Beijing Mentougou section of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. [62]?

On September 24, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Plan for the Jingbian-Shenmu Container Railway Construction Project to Cross the Great Wall for the Coal Transport Channel from Western Inner Mongolia to Central China" 》 (Shaanxi Wenwuzi [2015] No. 172). [63]?

On September 28, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the New Chifeng-Beijing-Shenyang High-speed Railway Kazuo Station Railway Project Crossing the Yanbei Great Wall Ruins" (Internal Cultural Relics Release [2015] No. 205). [64]?

On September 28, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Renovation Project of Xiabanquan Tower in Yanqing County, Beijing" (Jingwenwu [2015] No. 381). [65]?

On September 28, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the Project Establishment Report for the Protection and Restoration Project of the Qi Great Wall Site (Dache Mountain Section of Anqiu)" (Lu Wenfa [2015] No. 86). [66]?

On September 28, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the "Project Establishment Report for the Emergency Reinforcement Project of the Shuiquanliu Xishan Section of the Great Wall of Qi"" (Lu Wenfa [2015] No. 13), approved the establishment of the reinforcement and protection project for the Shuiquanliu Xishan section of the Qi Great Wall. [67]?

On September 28, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the "Project Establishment Report of the Great Wall of Qi - the Rescue Protection Project from Qinglong Mountain to Chengzi Section in Zichuan District"" (Lu Wenfa [2015] No. 14), approved the establishment of the rescue protection project for the section from Qinglongshan to Chengzi in Zichuan District of the Qi Great Wall. [68]?

On September 28, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Report on Submitting the Great Wall Cultural Relics Protection Plan for the Minqin (County) to Hongshagang Class I Highway Construction Project" (Gan Wen Bureau Fa [2015] No. 218). [69]?

The Great Wall

On October 12, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Report on the Submission of the 110 kV Power Supply Project of Lanyu Electric Railway Yangjiachuan Traction Station through Lintao County during the Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty" Report on the Cultural Relics Protection Plan for the Lost Section of the Great Wall" (Ganwen Bureau [2015] No. 219). [70]?

On October 12, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Regarding the Approval of the Western Inner Mongolia-Tianjin South 1000 kV UHV AC Power Transmission and Transformation Project Across the Northern Qi Great Wall" Section 1 of Changcheng Village, Dai County, Cultural Relics Protection Request for Instructions on the Plan" (Jin Wenwu [2015] No. 234). [71]?

On October 26, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the "Project Establishment Report of the Rescue Protection Project from Liangping to Xigouyu Beishan Section of the Great Wall of Boshan District"" ( Lu Wenfa [2015] No. 81) approved the establishment of the rescue protection project for the section from Liangping to Xigouyu Beishan in Boshan District of Qi Great Wall. [72]?

On November 25, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on the Application for the Protection and Restoration Project of the East Gate of Yingguan City in the Fanzhi County Cigouying Section of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty" (Jin Cultural Relics [ 2015] No. 47), approved the establishment of the protection and repair project for the east gate of Yingguan City in the Cigouying section of Fanzhi County of the Ming Great Wall. [73]?

On November 24, 2015, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Repair Project Plan for the Jiankou No. 146 Watchtower to the No. 150 Watchtower and the Great Wall (Ladder to the Eagle Flying Backwards) in Huairou District" "Request for Instructions" (Jing Wenwu [2015] No. 504), agree in principle with the reported repair project plan from No. 146 to No. 150 Watchtower in Jiankou, Huairou District, and the Great Wall (from the ladder to the eagle flying upside down).

[74]?

On May 5, 2016, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the Design Plan for the New Chongli Railway to Cross the Great Wall Site" (Ji Wenwu Zi [2016] No. 68), agreeing in principle The proposed plan for the new Chongli Railway is to tunnel through Section 1 of the Dajianshan Great Wall, Section 4 of the Zhengpantai Village Great Wall, Northeastern Xiaokouliang Great Wall, Yingcha No. 2 Beacon Tower, and Zhuanshan No. 1 Beacon Tower. [75]?

On May 6, 2016, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Report on the Design Plan for the Protection, Maintenance and Reinforcement of the Heifengkou Section of the Qin Great Wall in the Warring States Period in Huanxian County" (Ganwen Bureau issued [2015] No. 319). [76]?

On May 6, 2016, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the "Qi Great Wall - Emergency Repair and Protection Plan for the Qinglong Mountain and Hubaoquan Village Nanshan Section of Qichuan" (Lu Wenfa [2016] No. 20). [77]