From different angles, there are different ways to divide cultural industrial parks.
Hans. Mommaas, when analyzing five cultural industrial parks in the Netherlands, pointed out that there are seven core criteria for distinguishing the types of cultural industrial parks: the horizontal combination of activities in the parks and their level of cooperation and integration; The vertical combination of cultural functions in the park-the concrete mixture of design, production, exchange and consumption activities, and the related level of integration in the park; The organizational framework of the park involving different participants in the park management; Financial system and related types of public and private sector participation; The degree to which space and cultural programs are open or closed; Specific development ways of the park; The location of the park. "
Walter Santagata divides cultural industrial parks into four types according to their functions: industrial, institutional, museum and urban.
1. industrial type. This type of cultural park is mainly established on the basis of positive appearance, local culture, art and craft tradition. The uniqueness of such parks lies in their "studio effect" and "differences in creative products".
2. institutional type. This type of cultural park is mainly based on the transfer of property rights and symbolic value. Its basic feature is the existence of formal institutions and the distribution of property rights and trademarks to restricted production areas.
3. Museum type. This type of cultural park is mainly based on the network shape and the best size search. The park is usually built around the museum network and located in the urban area with a long history. Its own density can cause systematic effects and attract tourists.
4. Urban type. This type of cultural park is mainly based on information technology, performing arts, leisure industry and e-commerce. By using artistic and cultural services, the community will be given new life to attract citizens, resist the decline of industrial economy and create a new image for the city. Because the development of cultural industrial parks in China is still in the embryonic stage, there are few classifications. Combined with the actual situation in China, this paper mainly divides the types of cultural industry parks from the aspects of location dependence and park nature.
1. According to the location dependence, it can be divided into four types:
(1) Taking old factories and warehouses as location dependence. Abandoned old factories and warehouses in cities often become another breeding ground for cultural industrial parks because of their spacious and bright space and cheap rent, or facing the situation of rebuilding idle space. Many successful cultural parks abroad are based on old factories and warehouses. Dashanzi Art District, which appeared earlier in China, relies on the old factory building of No.798 Jiuxianqiao Road in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Most of the creative industrial parks that have grown up in Shanghai in recent years are also transformed from old factories and warehouses. Tianzifang Creative Industry Park in Lane 21 of Taikang Road is located in the most typical alley factory cluster in Shanghai in 193s. The "No.8 Bridge" Creative Industry Park at No.1 Jianguo Middle Road is located in the old factory building of Shanghai Automobile Brake Company. These creative industry clusters have created a platform for the development of creative industries by using existing buildings, and also protected historical and cultural properties. They are a good example of the combination of cultural industry, industrial historical building protection and cultural tourism, and the combination of architectural value, historical value, artistic value and economic value.
(2) Rely on universities. As a generator of technology, universities can continuously develop new technologies; At the same time, it is also a gathering place for all kinds of talents, which not only cultivates talents but also attracts the best talents in all fields; University is also an open community and a place to provide multi-cultures, and universities often become creative centers.
therefore, relying on universities to develop cultural industrial parks has become an important way.
For example, the architectural design of Chifeng Road Street in Yangpu District in Shanghai relies on Tongji University, a famous institution of higher learning in China; the Tianshan Road Fashion Industrial Park in Changning District in Shanghai relies on Donghua University and Shanghai Fashion Research Institute; and the cultural industrial park of China Renmin University and TCL (Guangzhou) cultural industrial base under construction are all based on universities.
(3) Take the development zone as the location dependence. This kind of cultural industrial park is mainly based on high-tech industrial park. Because the high-tech industry in the high-tech industrial park is developed, universities, scientific research institutions and high-tech enterprises gather, and there are many intelligent talents combining science and technology with culture, it is most suitable to develop the cultural industry combining culture and technology. There are a large number of information industries in high-tech industrial zones, which can be well integrated with cultural industries. Belonging to this type, there is Zhongguancun creative industry pilot base located in Zhongguancun high-tech park; National animation industry base located in Dalian High-tech Industrial Park; Located in Zhangjiang High-tech Park in Pudong, Shanghai, Zhangjiang Cultural, Technological and Creative Industry Base and so on.
(4) Take the traditional characteristic cultural community and artist village as the location attachment. There are two main situations that belong to this type: one is relying on some traditional cultural areas, where the cultural heritage is profound and the cultural atmosphere is rich, which is conducive to the development of characteristic cultural industrial parks. Such as Sanxingdui Cultural Industrial Park in Deyang, Sichuan, Gaobeidian Traditional Folk Culture Industrial Park in Beijing and so on. The second is relying on some artists' villages located in the urban-rural fringe, some of which belong to creative parks, such as several artists' villages in Beijing; Others have formed industrialized operation, such as Dafen Oil Painting Village in Buji Town, Longgang District, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.
2. According to the nature of the park, it can be divided into five types:
(1) Industrial type. One is independent. In the park, the development of industrial clusters is relatively mature, with strong original ability and relatively complete industrial chain, forming a scale effect. For example, Dafen Village in Shenzhen, which is mainly based on painting art, has formed a certain industrial chain and scale effect, but its original ability is not strong, and this is a common problem in such cultural industrial parks in China.
second, it is dependent. Relying on the development of colleges and universities, it has also formed a certain industrial chain. Such as Shanghai Hongcao South Road Creative Industrial Park, the modern design industrial park around Tongji University and so on.
(2) mixed type. This type of cultural industrial park often relies on the science and technology park and develops the cultural industry simultaneously with the advantageous industries in the park, but the cultural industry chain has not been formed in the park. Such as Zhangjiang Cultural, Technological and Creative Industry Base and Hong Kong Cyberport.
(3) artistic. This type of park is also a creative park with strong originality, but the degree of artistic industrialization is still weak. At present, the most famous art parks in China include Beijing Dashanzi Art Park and Qingdao Dani Painter Village.
(4) Leisure and entertainment. This kind of cultural park mainly meets the cultural consumption needs of local residents and foreign tourists. The most representative ones are Xintiandi in Shanghai and Chang 'an Street Cultural and Performing Arts Cluster in Beijing.
(5) local characteristics. Such as Beijing Gaobeidian Traditional Folk Culture Industrial Park and Panjiayuan Antique Art Trading Zone.
in addition, according to the scope of influence, there are international, domestic and regional types; According to the initial formation of the park, it can also be divided into cultural industrial parks formed spontaneously and formed by government operation. As cultural industrial parks are still a new thing in China, with rapid development and changes, the boundaries between park types are not very clear, and the classification here is only based on some current situations. In the future, with the development of urban cultural industrial parks, the classification of park types will be further improved.