Characteristics: This product is conical, twisted, 8-25cm long and 1-3cm in diameter. The surface is brown or dark yellow, with sparse wart-like fine root marks. The upper part is rough, with twisted longitudinal wrinkles or irregular mesh patterns, and the lower part has smooth lines and fine wrinkles. Hard and brittle, easy to break, yellow in section, reddish-brown in the middle, commonly known as Ziqin, which mainly clears fire and nourishes Yin; old roots are dark brown or brown-black in the middle, withered or hollow, and are called Kuqin, which is used to clear fire and nourish yin. Fire poison is the main cause. The smell is slight and the taste is bitter.

Nature, flavor and meridians are bitter and cold. Returns to the lung, gallbladder, spleen, large intestine and small intestine meridians.

Functions and Indications: Clearing away heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, stopping bleeding, and preventing miscarriage. It is used for chest tightness and vomiting due to dampness and heat, dampness and fullness, diarrhea, jaundice, lung-heat cough, high fever and polydipsia, blood-heat vomiting and epistaxis, carbuncle and sore, and uneasy fetal movement.

Clinical Application

1. It is used for symptoms such as damp-heat fever, chest tightness, thirst and unwillingness to drink, as well as damp-heat diarrhea, jaundice and other diseases. For damp-heat fever, it can be used with talc, white cardamom kernels, Poria cocos, etc.; for damp-heat diarrhea and abdominal pain, it can be used with white peony root, kudzu root, and licorice; for jaundice caused by damp-heat accumulation, it can be used with Yinchen, gardenia, and light bamboo. Ye et al.

2. It is used for febrile disease, high fever and polydipsia, or lung-heat cough, or excessive heat that forces blood to overflow, and heat-toxic sores. To treat febrile disease and high fever, it is often used with coptis, gardenia, etc.; to treat lung-heat cough, it can be used equally with Anemarrhenae and Morus alba; to treat blood-heat disorder, it can be used equally with Rehmannia glutinosa, Moutan Bark, Platycladus orientalis leaves; For heat poisonous sores, it can be used together with honeysuckle, forsythia and other medicines.

In addition, this product has the effect of clearing away heat and relieving fetuses, and can be used for fetal dysphoria. It is often used in conjunction with Atractylodes, Bamboo Ru, etc.

Storage in a ventilated and dry place, away from moisture.

English name RADIX SCUTELLARIAE

Also known as Camellia sinensis root, Scutellaria baicalensis tea, Tujin tea root

Source: This product is the dried product of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a plant of the Labiatae family. root. Excavate in spring and autumn, remove fibrous roots and sediment, remove rough skin after sun exposure, and dry in the sun.

Preparation method

Scutellaria baicalensis slices: remove impurities, boil in boiling water for 10 minutes, take out, suffocate, cut into thin slices, and dry; or steam for half an hour, take out, cut into thin slices, and dry (Be careful to avoid exposure to the sun). This product is a round or irregular thin slice with a yellow-brown to tan outer skin and a yellow-brown or yellow-green section with radial texture. According to the test under the above [Identification] (1) and (2), the same results should be shown; according to the method under the above [Content Determination], the content of baicalin (C21H18O11) shall not be less than 8.0%.

Wine Scutellaria baicalensis: Take slices of Scutellaria baicalensis and fry them dry according to the wine roasting method (Appendix II D). This product is a round or irregular thin slice, with a tan outer skin, a yellowish-brown cross section, a radial texture, and slightly scorched spots, and the center part is sometimes brown. According to the method under [Content Determination] mentioned above, the content of baicalin shall not be less than 8.0%.

Characteristics: This product is conical, twisted, 8-25cm long and 1-3cm in diameter. The surface is brown or dark yellow, with sparse wart-like fine root marks. The upper part is rough, with twisted longitudinal wrinkles or irregular mesh patterns, and the lower part has smooth lines and fine wrinkles. Hard and brittle, easy to break, yellow in cross section, reddish brown in the middle; the center of the old root is rotten or hollow, dark brown or brown-black. The smell is slight and the taste is bitter.

Microscopic features Cross-section: The cork layer consists of several to more than 20 layers of flat cells, among which are scattered philophilic cells. The outer edge of the cork tissue is often broken. The cortex is narrow and scattered with fibers and stone cells. The phloem is broad, with many fibers and stone cells. The stone cells are mostly distributed on the outside, and the fibers are scattered singly or in groups, mostly on the inside. The cambium is obviously ring-shaped; the xylem vessels are scattered singly or in groups, surrounded by Bundles of wood fibers; wood rays are wider. There are one or more concentric rings of cork tissue in the center of the old root. Starch granules are also present in parenchyma cells.

Identification

(1) The powder of this product is yellow. Bast fibers are scattered singly or in several bundles, fusiform, 60 to 250 μm long, 9 to 33 μm in diameter, with thick walls and fine pores and grooves. The stone cells are round, square or rectangular, with thick or very thick walls. Cork cells are brown and polygonal. Reticulated ducts are common, with diameters ranging from 24 to 72 μm. The wood fibers are mostly broken, about 12 μm in diameter, and have sparse diagonal pores. There are many starch granules, single granules are spherical, 2 to 10 μm in diameter, with obvious umbilical points, and complex granules are composed of 2 to 3 sub-granules.

(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 20ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, add 1ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve, and use it as the test solution. Take another 1g of Scutellaria baicalensis control medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution in the same way. Then take the baicalin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B) test, take 5 μl of each of the above three solutions and place them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate with 4% sodium acetate and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution as the binder. Use ethyl acetate-butanone-formic acid-water (5:3:1:1) as the developing agent, pre-equilibrate for 30 minutes, unfold, take out, dry, and spray with 1% ferric chloride ethanol solution. In the chromatogram of the test product, spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material; at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance, the same dark green spot appears.

Content determination

Determination according to high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; methanol-water-phosphoric acid (47:53:0.2) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 280nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2500 based on the baicalin peak.

Preparation of reference solution: Precisely weigh an appropriate amount of baicalin reference substance that has been dried under reduced pressure at 60°C for 4 hours, and add methanol to prepare a solution containing 60 μg per 1 ml.

Preparation of the test solution: Take about 0.3g of the medium powder of this product [At the same time, take another powder of this product to measure the moisture (Appendix IX H First Method)], weigh it accurately, and add 40ml of 70% ethanol , heat and reflux for 3 hours, let cool, filter, put the filtrate into a 100ml measuring flask, wash the container and residue with a small amount of 70% ethanol in batches, filter the washing liquid into the same measuring flask, add 70% ethanol to the mark, and shake well. Precisely measure 1 ml, place it in a 10 ml measuring bottle, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and it is ready.

Measurement method: Precisely draw 10 μl each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and measure.

This product contains no less than 9.0% of baicalin (C21H18O11) calculated as a dry product.

The nature and flavor are bitter and cold. Returns to the lung, gallbladder, spleen, large intestine, and small intestine meridians.

Functions: Clearing away heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, stopping bleeding, and preventing miscarriage. It is used for chest tightness and vomiting due to dampness and heat, dampness and fullness, diarrhea, jaundice, lung-heat cough, high fever and polydipsia, blood-heat vomiting, carbuncle and sore, and uneasy fetal movement.

Usage and dosage: 3~9g.

Taboos when using the medicine:" ② "Compendium of Materia Medica": "It is contraindicated in patients with spleen and lung deficiency and heat. Common symptoms include diarrhea caused by moderate cold, abdominal pain due to moderate cold, abdominal pain due to liver and kidney deficiency, abdominal pain due to blood deficiency, spleen deficiency and diarrhea, kidney deficiency and loose stools, spleen deficiency and edema, blood dryness and amenorrhea, qi deficiency and low water resistance, cold in the lungs, asthma and cough, and blood A weak fetus is unsettling, yin deficiency causes stranguria, and the method is contraindicated. "

Drug compatibility: "Medical Pair": "Corus officinalis and keel are used for it. Evil onions are real. Fear of cinnabar, peony, hellebore. With Bupleurum, it regulates the exterior and interior, and relieves Shaoyang; with Atractylodes, it clears away heat and prevents miscarriage; with Pinellia ternata, it is bitter and reduces pungency; with Coptis, it clears away heat and dampness; with Citrus aurantium and Magnolia officinalis, it digests and soothes the stomach.

Storage in a ventilated and dry place, away from moisture.

Remarks

(1) It does not cause heat due to dampness and temperature, so it can be used in combination with talc, white cardamom kernels, poria cocos, etc.; for damp-heat diarrhea and abdominal pain, it is often used with white peony root, kudzu root, pueraria lobata, etc. It can be used with licorice; for jaundice caused by accumulation of dampness and heat, it can be used with yinchen, gardenia, and light bamboo leaves. To treat febrile disease and high fever, it is often used with coptis, gardenia, etc.; to treat lung-heat cough, it can be used equally with Anemarrhena and Morus alba; to treat blood-heat disorder, it can be used equally with Rehmannia glutinosa, paeonol bark, and Platycladus orientalis leaves; for For heat poisonous sores, it can be used together with Yinhua, Forsythia and other medicines. It is used for fetal dysphoria and is often used in combination with Atractylodes, Zhuru, etc.

Selected prescriptions

1. To treat hot and frightened children: Scutellaria baicalensis (to remove black heart) and ginseng: 1 point each. Pound Luo into powder. Take Yizi Dagger every time, mixed with bamboo leaf soup, take it at any time (Scutellaria baicalensis powder from "Shengji Zonglu")

2. To purge lung fire and reduce hot phlegm on the diaphragm: slice scutellaria baicalensis, stir-fry, for At the end, it can be made into paste balls or steamed cake balls as big as Wuzi. Take fifty pills. ("Danxi Xinfa" Qingjin Pills)

3. Treat chronic bronchitis: Scutellaria baicalensis and Tinglizi are divided into equal parts, the powder is made into fine powder, sugar-coated into tablets, each tablet contains 0.0 crude drug. 8 grams, three times a day, five tablets each time.

(Inner Mongolia's "Selected Materials on New Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Methods")

4. Treat upper respiratory tract infection and enteritis: Chop skullcap, add four times the amount of water and soak it for four hours, drain the residue, and soak it in twice the amount of water. Twice, combine the filtrate, pour 20% alum solution into the infusion, adjust the pH to 3.5 (for every 100 kilograms of skullcap, 6 to 8 kilograms of alum are needed), a yellow precipitate will form, let it stand for four hours, and discard the supernatant. liquid, put the sediment into a cloth bag, add water, filter, dry, crush, granulate and make tablets. Take two to three tablets at a time. (Liaoning's "Selected Materials on New Medical Treatment Methods of Chinese Herbal Medicine")

5. To treat Shaoyang headaches and sun headaches, regardless of the side: yellow slices, soaked in wine. Exposed to the sun for a thousand years. For one penny per serving, you can have tea and wine. ("Lanshi Secret Collection" Xiaoqingkong Ointment)

6. To treat combined diseases of Yang and Shaoyang, the following are: 3 liang of yellow mustard, 2 liang of peony, 2 liang of licorice (broiled), 10 liang of jujube. Two pieces (break), add the four flavors, boil three liters of it with a bucket of water) and remove the water. Take one liter warm, day and night. (Scutellaria baicalensis decoction in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases")

7. Treat stranguria and also treat bleeding: 4 liang of scutellaria baicalensis, finely chopped, add 5 liters of water, boil two liters and take three servings. ("Qian Jin Yi Fang")

8. To treat vomiting and epistaxis, which may occur or stop, all caused by heat accumulation in the heart: one or two scutellaria baicalensis (to remove black rot in the heart), pound into powder. Take 3 qian for each dose, add a cup of water and cook until it reaches 60%. No matter the time, be gentle and warm. ("Sheng Hui Fang" Scutellaria baicalensis San Tiao)

9. Treat metrorrhagia and lower blood: yellow mustard, fine and fine. Take one qian for each dose, burn a scale and hammer to quench the wine and mix it down. ("Ben Shi Prescription")

10. To treat a woman who is forty-nine years old, but the Tiangui is not enough or there is too much: two liang of skullcap branches (reuse rice vinegar, soak for seven days, dry, Soak and broil for seven times). It is fine, and the vinegar paste is made into pills, as big as sycamore seeds. Take 70 pills each time, drink the hollow cup with warm wine, take two pills a day. ("Ruizhutang Experience Prescription" Qinxin Pills)

11. Anti-abortion: Atractylodes, Scutellaria baicalensis, fried koji. The upper part is Wei, take porridge and pills. ("Danxi Heart Treatment")

12. To treat liver heat and nebula, both adults and children: one or two scutellaria baicalensis. Three liang of light soybean is the best. Take 3 qian for each dose, wrap it in cooked pork liver and serve it with warm soup, take it twice a day. Avoid wine and noodles. ("Healthy Family Prescriptions")

13. To treat eyebrow and orbital pain caused by Phoenix heat and phlegm: Scutellaria baicalensis (soaked in wine, stir-fried), and Angelica dahurica. The top is Wei, and the tea is clear and adjusted for two coins. ("Danxi Heart Method")

14. Treat bleeding from moxibustion sores: stir-fry two qian of Scutellaria baicalensis in wine. For Wei, drink and drink. ("Strange Prescriptions for Strange Syndrome")

15. Fire-curing elixir: Pound the powdered skullcap and mix it with water. ("Prescriptions Collection by Plum Master")

16. To treat postpartum blood thirst and incessant drinking: Scutellaria baicalensis (roasted on new tiles), Ophiopogon japonicus (heart removed), half and two each. Top the pieces and cut finely. Take three qian for each dose, a cup and a half of water, boil until it is eight minutes thick, remove the water and take it warm, no matter the time. ("Yang Family Prescriptions")