1983- 199 1 year, Shantou is divided into four prefecture-level cities: Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shanwei. The four Chaoshan cities, covering Puning and Lufeng, are1/district, 6 counties and 2 counties, with a total resident population of1more than 6 million and a total area of 16 189.5 square kilometers.
Chaoshan, formerly known as Chaozhou, is a famous historical and cultural city and the political, economic, cultural and military center of eastern Guangdong. It is known as "a famous state in the sea, a famous county in the south, a seaside Zou Lu and a cultural window" and is the birthplace and prosperous place of Chaoshan culture. It is a famous tourist attraction, known as the hometown of delicious food and famous tea. Chaozhou cuisine has been officially designated as the sole representative of China's food culture to participate in the World Expo for three times.
The development of history
Chaoshan area in Guangdong has belonged to the same administrative region since ancient times. Jieyang County in Qin and Han Dynasties, Chaozhou Prefecture in Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and early Republic of China. Formerly known as Shantou City, Shantou City is divided into Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shanwei in 1983- 199 1.
Name source
The name "Chaozhou" originated from Chaozhou, and was established in the original Yi 'an County in the 11th year of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (59 1). Taking the meaning of "within Chaozhou, the tides rise and fall" [1], Chaoshan was called Chaozhou in Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and the early years of the Republic of China, and it is still called Chaozhou in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan today.
The name "Chaoshan" originated from the construction of Chaoshan Railway, the first private railway in modern China in 1904. It has been widely known since the Huanggang Uprising in Chaoshan led by 199 1 Dr. Sun Yat-sen. At that time, Shantou was divided into Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang.
Organizational system evolution
Chaoshan has belonged to Chaozhou Prefecture of Guangdong Province since ancient times. It is the first city in eastern Guangdong and a national historical and cultural city with a history of more than 2,200 years.
ancient times
In the Paleolithic Age, people lived and multiplied in Chaoshan.
In the Neolithic Age, the Xiangshan cultural site in Nan 'ao, Chaoshan was about 8000 years ago, which was the representative of the early southern marine culture.
pre-Qin period
Xia Shang belongs to Haiyang country (South Ou country); Shang Dynasty belonged to South Vietnam; The Western Zhou Dynasty was the land of Yueyang; Spring and Autumn and Warring States belong to a hundred schools. [2]
Qin and Han dynasties
The Qin and Han Dynasties belonged to Jieyang County and Nanhai County. The ancient Jieyang County was located in Chaoshan, Meizhou and Lufeng in Guangdong and Xiao Yun, Dongshan, Zhaoan, Zhangpu and Pinghe in Zhangzhou, Fujian.
Jin Dynasty
In the 9th year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4 13), Yi 'an County was established in ancient Jieyang County, and Zhao Yi County was established in the north of Haiyang County. Yi 'an County governs Haiyang, Chaoyang, Haining, Sui 'an and Zhao Yi, and the county governs Haiyang County (now Chaoyang). Yi 'an County is the predecessor of Chaozhou (now Chaoshan).
Sui and Tang Dynasties
In the 11th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (59 1), Chaozhou was established in the former Yi 'an County, which was under the general administration of Guangzhou. Chaozhou governs six counties, namely Haiyang, Sui 'an, Haining, Chaoyang, Zhao Yi and Chengxiang, and the state governs Haiyang County. In the tidal continent, the tides reciprocate [1].
The Tang Dynasty inherited the Sui system and was still called Chaozhou, which belongs to Lingnan East Road. Chaozhou was in charge of Haiyang, Chaoyang and Chengxiang counties. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), it was renamed Chaoyang County, and in the first year of Tang Gan Yuan (758), it was renamed Chaozhou [1]. Transferred to Fujian in the medium term, and then transferred to Guangdong. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 686), Quanzhou and southern Chaozhou were cut and placed in Zhangzhou, Fujian.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
Chaozhou was still called in Song Dynasty, belonging to Guangnan East Road. In the third year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1 12 1), Haiyang County in Chaozhou was re-established as Jieyang County, Chaozhou administered Haiyang, Chaoyang, Jieyang and Chengxiang counties, and Chengxiang County was a Hakka settlement. The three counties under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou are collectively called "Chaozhou Sanyang".
In the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (1279), Chaozhou was changed to the Governor's Office of Chaozhou Road, which belonged to Guangdong Road. Chaozhou Road still leads four counties and still dominates "Chaozhou Sanyang".
Ming and Qing dynasties
In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Chaozhou Road was changed to Chaozhou House, which was under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Chief Secretary and governed Haiyang, Chaoyang, Jieyang and Chengxiang counties.