Financial knowledge for small and micro enterprises

1. Small and micro finance knowledge system (what is small and micro finance)

2. Experience of small and micro financial knowledge

3. Small and micro financial knowledge< /p>

Small and micro finance knowledge system (what is small and micro finance) 1. What is small and micro finance

1. China Small and Micro Finance 60-person Forum "China Small and Micro Finance 60-person Forum" It is an unofficial, non-profit academic research organization dedicated to the theory and practice of microfinance. The forum uses forward-looking vision and exploratory spirit to consolidate the academic foundation of microfinance in China, explore cutting-edge topics in the field of microfinance, promote the reform and practice of China's microfinance industry, and provide Contribute to the development and prosperity of China’s inclusive finance industry.

2. Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services Group Alibaba Group announced on March 7, 2013 that it would prepare to establish Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services Group. The main business scope of Ali Small and Micro Financial Services Group includes payment, small and micro Loans, insurance, guarantees and other fields. Through Alibaba’s platform, it will help small and micro enterprises achieve species diversification, provide tools for online merchants, and support online merchants to face consumers; through the small and micro financial services group, it will provide financing, payment, and Guarantees and other services they need to support their survival and development.

Peng Lei will serve as CEO of Small and Micro Financial Services Group. Corporate operations of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services Group According to media reports, Alibaba’s small loan funds come from four major aspects. First, its two small loan companies in Zhejiang and Chongqing, with a total registered capital of 1.6 billion yuan; second, bank financing; The first is asset securitization; the fourth is that it will be open to more and more banks.

Previously, Jack Ma, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, has elaborated on Alibaba’s three major stages of future development: platform, finance and data businesses. After the structure of Alibaba Group was adjusted into 25 business groups in early 2013, the platform business has been basically determined.

The establishment of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services Group means the beginning of the second phase. In this system, the most important concept is "credit equals wealth", and "openness, transparency, responsibility, sharing, and interaction" are the core values.

Jack Ma, chairman of the board of directors of Alibaba Group, said: China does not need another financial company, but China lacks a financial services company that truly focuses on serving small and micro enterprises. Research reports show that since 2014, the demand for financial services of small and micro enterprises has undergone new changes, mainly reflected in the increase in financing demand and comprehensive financial service demand. To this end, various financial institutions and quasi-financial institutions have made arrangements and launched their own service model.

As a quasi-financial institution, the commercial factoring industry has become a new way of financing and financial services for small and micro enterprises. Its role in effectively alleviating the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises and supporting the development of the real economy has been understood and recognized. A new round of accelerated development has also begun. Kadwanli's pioneering commercial factoring model provides financial services to small and micro enterprises, which meets the requirements of the growing demand for financing and comprehensive financial services of small and micro enterprises, and also reflects its dedicated, professional, batch and standard service concept.

Focus: The service target group is positioned as small and micro enterprises with POS cashiers, serving the real economy; Batch: The use of modern information technology and big data technology reduces the deviation and cumbersome process of manual review operations , reduce service costs, process information data in batches, and provide services in batches; Standard: Make services into standard products. The entire service process is like a factory assembly line, and all links are executed according to standard operations to form standard services.

2. What is small and micro finance, micro finance, and small and medium-sized enterprise finance?

Micro finance: mainly refers to the provision of small amounts of funds to small and micro enterprises and low- and middle-income groups. Activities of sustainable financial products and services

Microfinance: It is a financial service system specially established for poor, low-income people and micro-enterprises. Including microcredit, savings, remittances and microinsurance.

Small and medium-sized enterprise finance: refers to customized financing solutions launched by financial institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises. Existing enterprises raise funds and complete the investment and construction of projects. No matter whether before or after the completion of the project, there will be no new financing solutions. an independent legal person.

Loans and other debt funds are actually used for project investment, but the debtor is the company, not the project. The cash flow and assets of the entire company can be used to repay debts and provide guarantees; that is to say, creditors have full recourse against debts. , even if the project fails, the company must repay the loan, so the risk level of the loan is relatively low.

If you still have questions, you can go to Xinrong.com to take a look

3. Characteristics of small and micro finance

Two of the characteristics of small and micro finance Features:

First, it targets small and micro enterprises and poor or low- and middle-income groups.

Second, because of the particularity of its customers, it will be suitable for such customers. Financial products and services for specific target segments of customers.

Small and micro enterprise finance has the characteristics of high risk and high return:

High risk and insufficient collateral make small and micro enterprise finance rely on the personal credit of the business owner most of the time. , In addition, the strong uncertainty of small and micro enterprises is also the main source of risk for small loans.

High profitability, in addition to risk premium in the traditional sense, because the market is not open and demand is far greater than supply, the policy premium of small loans is the source of excess returns.

4. Development strategies of small and micro finance

First, the development of small and micro finance requires the formulation of a more comprehensive financial development plan for small and micro enterprises and the establishment of a multi-level , Diversified financing mechanisms for small and micro enterprises should not only focus on banking institutions, nor should financial support for small and micro enterprises be limited to credit.

Secondly, financial information services should be developed.

Third, differentiated regulatory policies should be formulated and improved.

Fourth, a more scientific and reasonable social mechanism for risk sharing should be established. In addition to commercial mechanisms, policy funds or securities banks can also be considered to diversify and compensate for related risks; finally, More scientific and reasonable fiscal and taxation policies should be formulated to support the development of financial services for small and micro enterprises.

5. The origin and development of small and micro finance

Since the 1970s, the small and micro economy has experienced profound changes, which widely involve operating concepts, Business entities, business methods and other aspects.

These changes have greatly expanded the development space of small and micro finance and brought about changes in small and micro finance. Specifically, it is reflected in the following aspects: 1. Expansion of service targets Generally speaking, when it comes to the service targets of small and micro enterprises, everyone thinks of the poor, and many service means are subsidies or government financial expenditures.

Therefore, organizations engaged in such services may be *** organizations, at least quasi *** organizations or organizations that receive financial support from ***. But now the situation has changed, and microfinance targets also include individuals or small businesses who may not be considered poor but still cannot obtain financial services from formal channels.

Such changes reveal the reality that the formal financial system is unable to provide sustained and competitive services to these grassroots individuals and enterprises, which means that the small and micro financial system has broad prospects. Development space and needs. This is why governments around the world are committed to developing and supporting small and micro finance.

2. Diversification of financial services In the past, when it came to small and micro finance, it referred to small and micro loans. But now, this concept has been greatly expanded, not only loans, but also equity services, capital services, deposits, insurance and other value-added services.

3. Diversification of business entities Nowadays, there are a wide range of institutions operating small and micro finance. There are five main categories, namely commercial banks, credit unions, non-profit organizations, non-bank financial institutions and rural banks. This basically All existing financial institutions are covered. It should be pointed out that commercial banks are still the main force when measured by asset size and number of customers served.

4. Financial technology innovation The financial industry itself is an information industry, which is particularly prominent in the development of small and micro finance. In addition, my country's economic development also provides rare opportunities for the development of small and micro finance.

On the one hand, our country has reached a new stage of scientific development in the real economy, paying more attention to people's livelihood, employment, and social harmony; on the other hand, after so many years of development in the financial industry, commercial banks have It is no longer easy to rely on large enterprises as under the traditional system. As far as credit is concerned, the main service targets of banks can only and should be transferred to medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises.

6. What is the meaning of micro finance

Micro finance refers to finance for small and micro enterprises.

Small and micro enterprises refer to enterprises that are smaller than small and medium-sized enterprises, such as "individual industrial and commercial households". In China, small and micro enterprises account for more than 99% of the total number of enterprises. They play a huge role in activating the market, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and maintaining social stability.

However, the loan threshold of the Bank of China is high, and loans to small and micro enterprises are urgent, small in quantity, high in frequency, high in risk, and high in management costs. Moreover, financial policies do not provide enough support to small and micro enterprises, leaving a financing gap for small and micro enterprises. The difficulty of financing has always been a bottleneck restricting the development of small and micro enterprises. Since 2009, the financing policy environment for small and micro enterprises has continued to improve. Government departments and more and more banking financial institutions have begun to pay attention to financial services for small and micro enterprises. For example, Minsheng Bank launched the small and micro financial product "Shangdai". etc., the proportion of loans to small and micro enterprises continues to increase.

China’s financial regulatory policies, credit business tax and income tax all provide preferential treatment and support to small and micro enterprises, creating huge space for the development of small and micro finance.

Insights on small and micro finance knowledge 1. How to create a good small and micro financial development environment

The quality of the credit environment is a necessary condition for the ability to gather financial resources.

If the environment is good, financial investment will come in droves; if the environment is bad, financial resources will be avoided. With sycamore trees, there is no need to worry about the coming of the phoenix.

Therefore, local governments at all levels must fully understand the importance of financial environment construction and make great efforts to create a good financial environment. Research and formulate policies and measures to support financial services for small and micro enterprises in terms of improving the rule of law, improving public services, early warning of risks, improving mortgage and pledge registration, and publicity and education of financial knowledge.

It is also necessary to implement the regulatory responsibilities and risk disposal responsibilities of financing guarantee companies, small loan companies, pawn shops and other institutions, increase the crackdown on illegal financial activities such as private loan sharking, illegal fund-raising, and reduce the number of illegal financial activities. Intervention in the normal operating activities of financial institutions helps safeguard bank claims, combats evasion of bank debts, resolves financial risks, strictly adheres to the bottom line of preventing systemic regional risks, effectively maintains the order of the local financial market, and contributes to the stability, soundness and sustainability of the financial industry. Development and protection.

2. What unique experiences does ICBC have in developing small and micro businesses?

ICBC’s current achievements in the development of small and micro financial business can be traced back to the fact that since 2005, they have made serving small and micro businesses a business strategy for sustainable development. Wang Xu said that at that time, it was considered from the needs of the bank's own business development.

Increasing shareholder returns, including digesting the costs incurred before and after the shareholding reform, requires ICBC to develop rapidly in terms of profit contribution and national tax revenue. At that time, we regarded the small and micro financial business as a Blue Ocean has indeed achieved significant results. 2.

With this strategic positioning, ICBC has tried many flexible and innovative approaches to solve the many problems faced by small and micro enterprise loans. After persisting for a long time, the "results" have responded to the outside world's doubts about whether big banks can do well in small businesses.

For example, in Beijing, the "Technology" loan business uses credit or intellectual property pledge methods to provide effective support for start-up technology companies; in Liaoning, "Medical Insurance Loan" and "Purchase Loan" Business, based on receivables under medical insurance and public hospital drug centralized procurement, can be used as collateral, so small and micro customers receive financing support; in Fujian and Liaoning, ICBC issues guarantees provided by market managers loans to provide operating loans to tenants in the market. More importantly, as of the end of September this year, the average interest rate of ICBC's various small and micro enterprise loans was only 5.

About 6%. 3.

In order to serve small and micro enterprises more professionally, ICBC has piloted small and micro financial centers in its branches across the country to provide one-stop services. Loans as small as less than 100,000 yuan are also included in the service scope. 4.

By establishing a small and micro financial business center, we provide one-stop small and micro financial services for the entire process, from customer access to due diligence, to review, to post-loan management to loan operation supervision, which fits our needs. (Successful development) model with high efficiency, low cost and controlled risks. 5.

By searching for more corporate data, we can learn more about the status of the real economy. In addition, these customers who take loans from ICBC will definitely maintain a good cooperative relationship with us. This cooperative relationship will provide a good foundation for the future. The development of ICBC provides inexhaustible source and motivation.

3. How is the work in the bank's small and micro finance division?

The choice of job position cannot be evaluated purely in terms of good or bad. The suitable one is the best.

Therefore, it can be said that it is suitable for each person, and it is also related to the major studied, social experience, personality and hobbies. Bank tellers are more suitable for girls who are introverted, careful, and quiet, while account manager positions are more suitable for extroverted boys who are good at marketing.

Tellers are relatively stable, while the job of an account manager is relatively challenging. As long as the work performance is done well, the income level will increase accordingly.

An account manager is actually a small bank. He must not only understand the basic business of the front desk, but also have a comprehensive grasp of the credit business. But don't be nervous. In fact, whether you are working at the front desk or working in credit, the academic level required is not high. Many knowledge is learned after entering the bank. High academic qualifications do not mean high ability.

Of course, being an account manager, especially a small and micro account manager, requires frequent visits to the market, which is very hard, and you must make deposits and loans, but as long as you can persevere and devote yourself to There is nothing difficult about getting involved in this job.

4. What innovations are there in small and micro financial services?

These three major innovations are: innovative product terms, innovative mortgage methods, and innovative repayment methods.

According to a person from the Chongqing Banking Regulatory Bureau, the innovative product term design can alleviate the pressure of "repaying first and then borrowing" when loans are due for small businesses. Small and micro businesses do not need to obtain high-cost financing for "loan offsets". At the same time, banks should also innovate repayment methods and study the introduction of automatically renewable loans.

The third is to innovate the mortgage and pledge methods. Banks should gradually relax their reliance on collateral and guarantees. The person said that in terms of credit period innovation for small and micro enterprises, Hua Xia Bank, Industrial Bank, and China Merchants Bank have launched products such as "annual review loan", "continuous loan", and "re-loan pass". Qualified small and micro enterprises do not need to repay the loan. Loan renewal.

In addition, many banks have launched revolving loans under the highest credit limit, which can flexibly match the production and operation cycles of small and micro enterprises. In terms of innovation in guarantee methods, China Construction Bank, Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank, etc. have launched new weak guarantee products such as "Guarantee Loans", "Order Loans", and "Invoice Loans".

5. My experience of three banks in Taizhou, Zhejiang

I have worked in one of them before, and I also know something about the other two banks in the same industry, so I would like to share it with you.

1. Taizhou Bank is the largest in terms of scale, followed by Tailong and Mintai. In nature, Taizhou Bank has some investment from the municipal government, and has some official characteristics. Tailong has set foot in almost all prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang, as well as branches in Suzhou and Shanghai. It has developed rapidly recently (there are about 70 branches). Mintai is a bank initiated by people from Wenling, Taizhou. It has strong capital and is one of the three banks. smallest.

2. Private banks that operate small and micro enterprises in nature have been strongly endorsed by the Communist Party. The loan model is very flexible and suitable for quick financing of small and micro enterprises without asset collateral.

3. In terms of remuneration, there is not much difference between the three companies, especially in the market line, which is basically based on performance. Generally speaking, if you have been in the market for three years, you will usually earn more than 10,000 yuan a month (more is difficult) It is estimated to be hundreds of thousands to hundreds of thousands). As for tellers, that is, operations positions, the salary after becoming a full-time employee is about 3,000 (in Taizhou, the level is in the middle), and the management staff are not very high, basically 3,000 to 4,000 when they first join.

Small and micro finance knowledge 1. What is small and micro finance

1. China Small and Micro Finance 60-person Forum "China Small and Micro Finance 60-person Forum" is dedicated to micro-finance theory and A practical unofficial, non-profit academic research organization, the forum uses forward-looking vision and exploratory spirit to consolidate the academic foundation of China's microfinance, explore cutting-edge topics in the field of microfinance, promote the reform and practice of China's microfinance industry, and contribute to the development of China's inclusive finance. Contribute to prosperity.

2. What skills are needed to obtain loans for small and micro enterprises?

Loans for small and micro enterprises are difficult, but in fact, as long as you choose the right method.

Loan difficulties can be better solved. Below we provide loan financing solutions for two types of small and micro enterprises.

A type of enterprise Problem: There are good projects and good planning, but lack of start-up capital and working capital. Method: Through the support of financial experts, seek "venture capital" for financing. The main goal of financing is to win private capital and small loans as well as loan products launched by some banks for small and micro enterprises.

Category II Enterprises Problem: The company has a certain amount of investment, but the company system is imperfect, the finances are unclear, and the operational risks are high. Method: First, the enterprise must be integrated to make its system perfect and its finances clear.

Secondly, if you are short of assets, you can get a loan through "factoring business", that is, relying on the reputation of the company with which you have a debt relationship. Thirdly, you can also use the large amount of funds provided by the company's suppliers to revitalize the company's cash flow.

3. What is the basis for successful loans to small and micro enterprises?

1. Keep to yourself and never go out of line.

As a small and micro enterprise operator, you must pay attention to the market value of integrity. Starting from now, work hard to establish an image of corporate integrity externally. You must abide by yourself, operate legally, never deviate from the rules, play tricks, and keep your promises with integrity. , the corporate integrity image will accompany you throughout your life and bring you unexpected wealth. 2. Work steadily and win every step of the way.

When operating, you must live within your means, first calculate the profit point and repayment ability, and do not ask for a loan of 2 million for a capital of 500,000. The loan period is also realistic. If you can repay it in one year, don't guarantee: "Six months is enough."

In addition, limited funds should be concentrated on the main business, and there is no requirement for full flowering, full results, or becoming a fat man after one bite. 3. Master the tools and use them flexibly.

Facing the trend of economic globalization, it is not enough for operators to just understand their own products. They must also learn finance and taxation knowledge, be familiar with financial tools, and operate financial products flexibly. For example, there are various types of bank loans, including movable and real estate mortgage loans, patent intellectual property mortgage loans, plant and equipment mortgage loans, natural person property mortgage or guaranteed loans, export tax refund certificate mortgage loans, and standard warehouse receipt mortgage loans.

For import and export enterprises, they can also flexibly use various types of bank trade financing, such as bill discount, letter of credit, buyer's credit, letter of guarantee, etc. There are also many channels for corporate financing, including direct financing and indirect financing.

For direct financing, technology-based enterprises can strive for funding and interest discounts from the National Innovation Fund; they can also absorb partners, invest in shares, and join forces. For indirect financing, if you need to purchase large equipment, you can engage in financial leasing; if you are short of short-term funds, you can adjust positions in a pawn shop.

4. Find the right family and make friends to the end. Some companies mistakenly believe that making friends with banks will facilitate future borrowing, so they open accounts in more than a dozen banks.

Let’s not talk about the “capital cost” of each account. The “emotional cost” alone is too much for you to deal with. Enterprises should choose a nearby bank to open an account for settlement that they think has good service. The advantage of this is that it concentrates funds and settlement, allowing the bank to see that your trade is booming, and it also allows the bank to see your sincerity.

The better you let the bank know you, the more likely you are to make friends, and even become friends in times of need. The bank knows you very well and is willing to help you at critical moments.

As an operator, you must eliminate various shortcomings in business operations and establish integrity in order to gain support from banks and society.

4. What is the meaning of micro finance?

Micro finance refers to finance for small and micro enterprises.

5. How to create a good environment for the development of small and micro finance

The quality of the credit environment is a necessary condition for the ability to gather financial resources.

6. What innovations are there in small and micro financial services?

These three major innovations are: innovative product terms, innovative mortgage methods, and innovative repayment methods.

In addition, many banks have launched revolving loans under the highest credit limit, which can flexibly match the production and operation cycles of small and micro enterprises. In terms of innovation in guarantee methods, China Construction Bank, Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank, etc. have launched new weak guarantee products such as “Guarantee Loans”, “Order Loans” and “Invoice Loans”.

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