In recent years, some engineering projects have adopted the "lowest price winning method" in bidding, and the rationality of bidding quotation has not been actually evaluated. In order to win the bid, construction enterprises compete to lower the price, even lower than its cost price. This will inevitably lead to a series of problems such as project quality, safety and construction period. Under the current market conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the rationality of bidding quotation.
A, the necessity of evaluation of the rationality of the tender offer
Reasonable tender offer is a tender offer determined by factors such as input and allocation of production factors, management level, construction technology level, market risk, profit, etc., which is considered to be a reasonable price not lower than the cost after review. The necessity of evaluating the rationality of bidding quotation is as follows.
1. Article 4 1 of the Bidding Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that the bid-winning condition is "to meet the substantive requirements of the bidding documents, and the evaluated bid price is the lowest; Except that the bid price is lower than the cost price. " This provides a legal basis for evaluating the rationality of bidding quotation.
2. It is beneficial to effectively control the project cost and effectively perform the contract.
3. It is conducive to the rational quotation of construction enterprises, not blindly depressing the price, improving the ability of independent quotation, and establishing and perfecting the enterprise quota.
4. It provides the necessary economic basis for ensuring the engineering quality and construction safety.
5. Promote the construction enterprises to continuously improve the management level, improve the construction technology level and market competitiveness.
Second, the rationality of the tender offer review
The key to evaluating the rationality of bidding quotation lies in how to judge whether the bidding quotation of construction enterprises is lower than its individual cost price. Individual cost prices are greatly influenced by the management level, technical equipment, labor productivity and other factors of each bidder, and there is no scientific bid evaluation method at present. Therefore, the rationality evaluation of bidding quotation can only be based on the average social cost announced by the competent department.
1. Average social cost. The average social cost is the project cost based on the consumption quota, expense quota and time limit quota promulgated by the competent department, and the highest control price is the unit price of labor and construction machinery and the market price of materials (equipment) promulgated by the government.
2. Definition of bid evaluation content and rationality of bid quotation. If the bid price is higher than the maximum control price, it will be considered unreasonable and its details will not be reviewed. The bill of quantities quotation below the highest control price can be reviewed with reference to the average social cost, combined with the collected basic data of the lowest bid and the market situation. In the process of bid evaluation, if the bid price is lower than the social average cost by more than a certain margin, the bidder should be questioned and asked to provide sufficient information to prove its rationality. If the bidder fails to make a reasonable explanation or provide relevant certification materials, the bid evaluation committee shall determine that the bidder's bid is lower than the cost price, which is an unreasonable offer.
Third, there is an urgent need to establish and improve supporting measures.
1. Improve the market mechanism and promote enterprise reform and development.
Perfect market mechanism is the basis to ensure the healthy development of reasonable and low-price bid evaluation. Perfect market mechanism includes developed market credit system, project guarantee and insurance system. At present, the work to be done includes: establishing and perfecting a set of laws, regulations and supervision and management systems that are suitable for it; Establish industry self-discipline standards and enterprise credit files as soon as possible, and strictly implement the market access and liquidation system; Establish the contractor's bid guarantee, performance guarantee and the employer's payment guarantee system; Accelerate the reform of state-owned enterprises, support private enterprises and improve the market operation mechanism.
2. Deepen the reform of project cost management and guide enterprises to make reasonable quotations.
At present, it is unrealistic to require most enterprises to prepare enterprise quotas, and most bidding quotations still adopt consumption quotas prepared by local construction administrative departments. Consumption quota is the basis of the pre-tender price (control price) of the bidding project and the bidding quotation of the enterprise, and it is also the main reference to measure whether the consumption in the bidding quotation is reasonable. The project cost management department should do the following three tasks well: first, comprehensively implement the bill of quantities, and create a fair, just and open competitive environment in accordance with the requirements of government macro-control and market competition to form prices; Second, timely release the social average consumption quota that adapts to the market and matches the valuation of bill of quantities; Third, release the reasonable cost information that adapts to the market, regularly release the price information of people, materials and machines to the society, and also release the dynamic engineering technical and economic indicators and the comprehensive unit price of bill of quantities.
3. Guide enterprises to establish and improve enterprise quotas and improve their competitiveness.
The establishment and improvement of enterprise quota provides a basis for the implementation of the rationality evaluation of bidding quotation. Enterprise quota is the foundation and basis for construction management, cost analysis and bidding quotation of construction enterprises, and will become one of the core tasks of enterprise economic accounting and economic work. How to guide enterprises to work out the consumption standards of labor, materials and machinery necessary to complete qualified products according to their own construction technology and management level, and effectively improve the competitiveness of enterprises, should be a very important work to be considered by the current engineering cost management department.
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