Section 1 The Economic System in the Primary Stage of Socialism

1. Public ownership is the basis of the socialist economic system:

The socialist commodity economy is based on social

Reasons based on socialist public ownership: 1. Different from capitalism: (1) The purpose of social production: to meet the people’s growing material and cultural needs

(2) The relationship between people Relationship: equal labor relations, moving towards equality and prosperity (3) Distribution method

2. The establishment of socialist public ownership and the resulting consistency of fundamental interests among social members have adapted to society The requirements for large-scale production create conditions for the development of productive forces

Public ownership of production relations is the fundamental economic feature of socialism and the basis of the socialist economic system

State-owned economy: 1. Outer edge: state-owned natural resources, state-owned enterprises and state-owned components in the mixed-ownership economy

2. Status: the main economic foundation of our country’s socialist system and the leading force of the national economy

3. The leading role is reflected in the control power: (1) Dominate the lifeline of the national economy → ensure the socialist direction of economic development (2) The state-owned economy must improve its overall quality and competitiveness

4. The significance of the leading role: develop and strengthen the state-owned economy, which controls the lifeline of the economy, gives full play to the superiority of the socialist system, and enhances our country's economic strength, national defense strength and national cohesion

5. The proportion of state-owned economy is declining, but as long as the main body of public ownership is maintained and the state controls the lifeline of the economy, it will not affect the socialist nature of our country

6. Ways to realize the leading role: wholly state-owned enterprises and state-controlled enterprises

Collective economy: 1. Status: an important part of the public economy

2. Advantages: (1) Decentralized production Organizing information can help overcome the weaknesses of individual economic power, which is weak and unable to deal with natural disasters and accidents. (2) Collective economic organizations are independent economic units with sufficient autonomy, relatively flexible management methods, and greater understanding of the market. Strong adaptability, can provide more products and services to the society

3. Function: (1) realize the principle of mutual prosperity (2) absorb dispersed funds from society (3) relieve employment pressure (4) Increase public accumulation and national income

4. Rural collective economy: a two-tier management system based on household contract management and a combination of unified management and decentralization

(1) Two management levels, collective and farmer households

(2) Implementation of two-tier management Reasons for the system: To adapt to the low overall level of copper in my country, to avoid the shortcomings caused by large-scale operations in the past; to adapt to the characteristics of agricultural production

(3) Content: a. On the one hand, while adhering to the collective ownership of basic production means Under the premise, farmers sign a contract with the collective, contract certain land or production tasks, and obtain labor income based on the results of labor. b. On the other hand, the collective unified management and decentralized management are combined. Combination

(4) Superiority: It gives full play to the collective superiority and individual enthusiasm, and can adapt to both decentralized small-scale operations and relatively concentrated large-scale operations

( 5) Function: Promote the improvement of labor productivity and the overall development of the rural economy, and improve the living standards of the majority of farmers

(6) Household contracting is the basis of the two-tier management system; the two-tier management system is the basis of household contracting Guarantee

Mixed ownership economy: 1. Meaning: an ownership form of joint production and operation based on various different ownership economies in accordance with certain principles 2. The nature of a joint-stock enterprise depends on its corresponding Who owns the social system and controlling rights?

The diversification of forms achieved by public ownership: 1. Reasons: There are different levels of socialized large-scale production, and the multi-level production level determines the diversification of forms achieved by public ownership. 2. Function: ( 1) It is conducive to the development and growth of the public ownership economy (2) It effectively promotes the rapid development of the entire national economy

2. With public ownership as the main body, various ownership economies develop simultaneously:

Public ownership as the main body: 1. Performance: (1) As far as the country is concerned, public assets dominate the total social assets, with both quantitative advantages and qualitative improvements (2) The state-owned economy controls the lifeline of the national economy, which is Economic development plays a leading role

p>2. Role: ensuring the socialist nature of the economic system and the master status of workers

Simultaneous development of multiple ownership economies:

1. Individual economy: (1 ) Nature: Small Commodity Economy

(2) Characteristics: a. Essential characteristics: Based on the workers’ own labor, generally not exploiting others, the fruits of labor are directly owned and controlled by the workers b Specific characteristics: (Compared with private Economic comparison) Small scale, low investment, simple equipment, flexible operation (3) Function: a. Utilize dispersed resources; b. Develop small commodity production; c. Preserve and develop traditional skills; d. Active market; e. Convenience people's lives; f. Increase labor employment

2. Private economy: (1) Nature: Capitalist nature

(2) Characteristics: a Essential characteristics: wage labor, exploiting others, for profit b Specific characteristics: (Compare with individual economy ) Large scale, advanced equipment, high productivity

(3) Function: a. Concentrate and utilize part of private funds; b. Serve the development of production and meet people’s living needs; c. Attract workers to find employment; d) Increase workers’ income and the country Fiscal revenue e improves the country's comprehensive economic strength

3. Foreign-invested economy: (1) Capitalist nature (2) Extension: the overseas capital part of Sino-foreign joint ventures and Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises ( 3) Status: an important non-public economy (4) Functions: a. Save our country’s funds; b. Learn from foreign advanced experience; c. Conducive to cultivating talents; d. Accelerate the modernization process.

4. Functions of the non-public economy: (1 ) Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects of society (2) Accelerate the development of productivity (3) Meet people's diverse needs (4) Increase employment (5) Promote the development of the national economy

5. Non-public economic status: my country An important part of the socialist market economy

6. Non-public economic policies: encourage protection, guide supervision and management

The necessity of the basic economic system:

1. Fundamental reasons: Determined by the objective laws that production relations must adapt to the development of productive forces

2. Specific reasons: (1) Determined by the socialist nature of our country: Our country is a socialist country and must adhere to public ownership. As a society The basis of the socialist system: a. Public ownership based on socialized large-scale production must occupy a dominant position in the ownership structure; b. It is determined by the nature of socialism: ensuring the socialist direction of my country's economic development, consolidating and improving the people's democratic dictatorship, gradually eliminating exploitation, and preventing Polarization, and ultimately the realization of universal prosperity

(2) It is determined by the national conditions in the primary stage of socialism in my country: the overall level of productivity is low, unbalanced, and multi-layered; the population is large, the foundation is weak, and the people’s living standards are low. Gao

3. There are "three benefits" decisions: All forms of ownership that comply with the "three benefits" can and should serve socialism. The fundamental task of socialism is to develop social productive forces. The main contradiction

The contents of the "three benefits": (1) It is beneficial to the development of the productive forces of the socialist society (2) It is beneficial to the enhancement of the comprehensive national strength of the socialist country (3) It is beneficial to the improvement of people's living standards

The functions of the basic economic system: 1. Liberate and develop productive forces 2. Promote my country’s economic construction (3) Promote social progress

3. Distribution according to work as the main body and various distributions Methods coexist:

With distribution according to work as the main body: 1. Scope: socialist public ownership

2. Distribution object: personal consumer goods (not means of production)

3. Inevitability: (1) Public ownership of the means of production is the prerequisite for distribution according to work (2) The development level of productive forces under the socialist system is the material basis for the implementation of distribution according to work (3) The nature and characteristics of labor under the socialist system are the implementation of distribution according to work The direct cause of labor distribution

4. Superiority (function): (1) Stimulate workers’ enthusiasm for work (2) Promote workers to study science and technology and improve labor skills (3) Promote socialist society Development of productive forces

5. Status: Basic principles of distribution of personal consumer goods under the socialist system

A variety of distribution methods coexist: 1. Distribution according to the labor results of individual workers: (1 ) Basis of ownership: individual private ownership (2) Distribution subject: self-employed person (3) Distribution object: individual worker’s labor results (4) Adaptable to the individual economy

2. Distribution according to production factors: capital, technology, land and labor

3. Welfare distribution

The inevitability of the basic distribution system: 1. In line with my country’s current productivity Adaptable to the level of development

2. Determined by my country’s basic economic system

3. It is an objective requirement for the development of a socialist market economy: Under market economy conditions, there are various factors of production Owners, and these production factors each play an irreplaceable role in production. Only when owners obtain their own corresponding income based on the contribution of production factors can they encourage people to use production factors more effectively and improve their utilization efficiency

→To sum up, if we insist on public ownership as the main body, we must distribute according to work, and to develop a market economy, we must recognize distribution according to production factors. Only by combining the two can we promote the development of socialist economy

Part 1 Section 2 Basic Characteristics of Socialist Market Economy

1. General Characteristics of Market Economy:

Resource Allocation: 1. Goal: to make full and reasonable use of limited resources to the maximum extent To meet the needs of one's own survival and development

2. Necessity: Solving the contradiction between people's unlimited demand for resources and limited resources 3. Two methods: planned regulation and market regulation, in the modern commodity economy Under certain conditions, resource allocation is mainly realized through market regulation

Market: 1. Generation: The market is produced and developed at the same time as the commodity economy

2. Meaning: Narrow sense: commodity exchange Place, tangible market in a broad sense: the sum of commodity exchange relationships

3. Function (i.e., the function of the law of value): Through the changes and interactions of price, supply and demand, and competition, it governs people’s economic activities, that is, regulates The direction and quantity proportion of people, money, and materials

Market economy: 1. Meaning: a socialized commodity economy, an economy in which the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation

2 .With the emergence and development of socialized large-scale production

3. Conditions for effective operation: (1) There are many enterprises, free access to the market, and full competition (2) Flexible prices (prices are the most concentrated resource allocation) Performance)

Equality: 1. Meaning: The relationship between participants in economic activities in the market is equal

2. Determining factor: the role of the law of value, which is also the law of the market Basic laws of economics

3. Content: (1) The relationship between participants in economic activities is equal (2) The principle of equivalent exchange must be followed

4. Function: Use The market economy is conducive to the rational allocation of resources

Competitiveness: 1. Meaning: There is extensive competition among participants in economic activities

2. Reasons: (1) Competition is a commodity An inevitable product of the economy and a characteristic of the market economy (2) In the market economy, market prices are formed in competition, so competition is the prerequisite for commodity exchange

3. Role: (1) Positive role : a. Form external pressure on producers and operators to improve technology, increase productivity, and survive the fittest. b. Ensure the sensitivity of price changes, quickly adjust the relationship between supply and demand, and promote the optimal allocation of resources → In summary, competition is a market economy Necessary conditions for effective operation (2) Negative effects: a. Blind competition, a waste of social resources; b. Leading to monopoly, which is not conducive to optimal resource allocation

4. View competition correctly: fair competition, fair competition, and opposition to unfairness Competition

Legality: 1. Meaning: The operation of social economy has a sound legal basis, and the economic activities of producers and operators are carried out in accordance with the laws and regulations of the market economy

2. Necessity: A sound legal system is the basis and criterion for coordinating and handling conflicts and embodying fairness and equality

3. Requirements for participants in economic activities: (1) learn the law, understand the law, abide by the law and use it (2) ensure that their economic activities comply with the legal norms and be able to use the law to protect their own rights and interests

Open type: 1 .Meaning: The market is not closed to each other. The whole country is a unified large market and is connected with the world

2. Determining factors: (1) Producers and operators produce and operate for market needs. Business, in essence, is to produce and operate for consumers (2) The broad development of social division of labor and production specialization requires openness

3. Function: (1) Breaking regional blockades (2) Production

Free flow of factors

4. Status: the requirements and inherent attributes of the market economy

The relationship between the four characteristics: 1. Equality and competition restrict each other: without equality, competition cannot proceed normally; without competition, there is no equality

2. The legal system is both a guarantee and a manifestation of equality and competition

3. Openness means equality and competition are fully developed. The premise is also the social condition for the legal system to function

4. The four characteristics are not only an effective form to optimize the allocation of resources, but also an important manifestation of the superiority of the market economy

The four characteristics ***Same role (market economy role): 1. Effectively regulate the distribution of social resources 2. Guide enterprises to organize production and operations according to social needs 3. Implement the choice of survival of the fittest for commodity producers

2. National Macroeconomic control:

The shortcomings of the market: 1. The market is not omnipotent

2. The market has inherent weaknesses and defects:

(1) Spontaneity: Performance: a. Producers and operators pursue their own interests. b. Improper economic behavior.

Hazards: a. Polarization. b. Social conflicts, which are not conducive to healthy social and economic development.

(2) Blindness: Reasons : a. It is impossible for producers and operators to master information on all aspects of society b. Unable to control the trend of economic changes

Hazards: a. Economic fluctuations. b. Waste of resources

(3) Hysteresis: Reason: a Post-adjustment b time difference

Hazards: a. Economic fluctuations b. Waste of resources

Necessity of macro-control: 1. The market is not omnipotent, and the market has its inherent flaws and weaknesses 2. Not only There must be market regulation and macro-control. 3. Macro-control can overcome the defects of the market. 4. The combination of the two ensures the healthy and orderly development of the market economy.

The main tasks of macro-control: promote economic growth and increase Employment, stable prices, and maintaining a balance of international payments

Means of macro-control: 1. Economic means: (1) Meaning: The state uses economic policies and plans to influence and regulate society through the adjustment of economic interests. Measures for economic activities

(2) External edge: Economic policies: price, tax, credit, interest rate, exchange rate, product sales, industry, poverty alleviation, currency and other policies

Economic plan: Annual plan, five-year plan, ten-year plan

(3) Function: Economic policy: Mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises, operators and workers, and promote the development of production

Economic plan: It is conducive to achieving sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy and plays a regulatory role in economic development

2. Legal means: (1) Meaning: The means by which the state regulates economic activities by formulating and applying economic regulations

(2) Legality of the market economy

(3) Function: effective maintenance of a The legal rights of participants in economic activities b. Adjust social and economic relations c. Standardize the activities of producers and operators and market order d. Ensure the normal operation of the economy

3. Administrative means: (1) Meaning: The state adopts administrative orders, instructions, indicators, regulations and other administrative measures to regulate and manage the economy through administrative agencies (2) Characteristics: direct and rapid (3) Note: a must reflect objective economic laws The requirements b cannot be emphasized one-sidedly or applied too much

3. Basic characteristics of the socialist market economy:

The necessity of developing a market economy under socialist conditions: 1. It is conducive to promoting The development of the national economy and the overall progress of society 2. The market economy is the need for my country to open up to the world

The basic characteristics of the socialist comfortable economy: 1. Adhering to the dominant position of public ownership is the basic foundation of the socialist market economy Symbol

The significance of public ownership: (1) The socialist country under the people’s democratic dictatorship has a solid economic foundation (2) The working people’s master status in social life can be realized (3) Polarization can be prevented and ultimately achieved* **Tongfuyu

2. The socialist market economy takes the realization of common prosperity for all as its fundamental goal: giving priority to efficiency while taking into account fairness

3. Under the conditions of the socialist market economy, the state can implement strong macro-control

Reasons: (1) The interests of various departments, enterprises and workers are consistent, and the state can concentrate manpower, material resources, Financial resources can accomplish big things (2) The guiding role of the state-owned economy (3) Central ***

As the core leadership of my country's economic construction and reform and opening up, it has the ability to unify the will of the people across the country into socialist modernization

Section 1. Enterprises are the main body of the market

1. Enterprise:

Meaning: An enterprise is an economic organization that produces and operates activities for the purpose of profit and provides goods and services to the society

Characteristics: 1. For the purpose of profit 2. Engaged in Production and business activities 3. Independent management and independent accounting 4. It is an economic organization that combines people and materials

Position: the most important market subject

Function: 1. Main market economic activities Participants 2. Directly responsible for social production and circulation 3. The main force promoting social and economic technological progress

Importance: The quality of enterprises and whether they adapt to the requirements of market economic development are directly related to the national The quality of the economic situation and the long-term stability of society

Enterprise legal persons: 1. Established in accordance with the law 2. Have necessary property 3. Have its own name, organization and location 4. Bear civil liability independently

The status and characteristics of large and medium-sized enterprises: 1. Status: representative of my country’s advanced productive forces

2. Basic characteristics: (1) Large-scale adoption and production (2) Systematic use of modern science and technology (3) Fine division of labor and close collaboration (4) Strong adaptability (5) Extensive external contacts

II. Company:

Meaning: Established in accordance with the law, limited by the statutory amount An enterprise legal person formed for the purpose of profit

Characteristics: 1. An economic organization engaged in production, circulation or other service activities 2. Independent operation and independent accounting

Advantages: 1. It is a corporate organizational form commonly adopted by large and medium-sized enterprises. 2. It is conducive to business operation and management. 3. It is conducive to participating in international cooperation and competition in accordance with international practices.

Legal person governance structure: Shareholders meeting

↓ ↓

(Ownership) Board of Directors ← Board of Supervisors (Supervision Power)

↑ ↑

General Manager (Daily Operation Power)

(“ →" indicates a restrictive relationship)

Classification: Joint Stock Company and Limited Liability Company:

1. Similarities: (1) Both are corporate legal persons established in accordance with the law (2) Shareholders are all With limited liability (3) The company is responsible for its debts with all its assets (4) The organizational structure is roughly the same (5) Both have names and articles of association

2. Differences: (1) Whether the capital is divided into Equivalent shares (2) Whether stocks can be issued, public offering mechanism (3) Whether the capital must be currency (joint-stock companies are) (4) Is there any limit on the number of shareholders (5) The amount of registered capital, establishment procedures, and scope of application are different

3. State-owned large and medium-sized enterprises:

Status: Pillar of the national economy

Performance of pillar role: 1. Dominant position in key and important sectors of the national economy , plays a decisive role in the development of the entire national economy 2. Contributes the most to the state-owned economy, which is the main source of fiscal revenue, and plays a major role in ensuring the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy 3. Has strong assets and first-class technology , higher management level and good corporate quality → strengthen the state-owned economy, consolidate the dominant position of public ownership, consolidate the socialist system, promote economic development and social progress, and do a good job in building socialist spiritual civilization

Four , Economic benefits:

Economic benefits: 1. Meaning: the ratio between the enterprise's total production value and production cost

2. Status: the final comprehensive indicator to measure all economic activities

Improve economic benefits: 1. Meaning: Reduce the production cost of the enterprise, and produce the most goods and services suitable for market needs with minimal resource consumption

2. Reasons: ( 1) Enterprises aim to make profits (2) Economic benefits are the fundamental starting point for all activities of enterprises

3. Importance: (1) It is conducive to enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises (for enterprises)

(2) Make full use of limited resources to create more social wealth and meet the people’s growing material and cultural needs (for the people) (3) Do a good job in large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, enhance comprehensive national strength, consolidate the dominant position of public ownership, and give full play to social The superiority of the socialist system (to the country)

4. Methods and

Ways: (1) a Rely on scientific and technological progress, adopt advanced technology, arm enterprises with modern science and technology b Improve the scientific and cultural level and labor skills of employees c Transform from extensive to intensive → a requires b; a leads to c (2) a adopts modern Management methods, improve the level of business management, increase productivity, act in accordance with value laws and national conditions b. Produce the most products that meet market needs with the least consumption → a leads to b

Mergers, combinations and bankruptcy: 1. Basis: (1) Fierce market competition (2) The principle of survival of the fittest

2. Function: (1) Improve the economic efficiency of enterprises (2) Optimize the industrial structure (3) Powerful development of the socialist market economy Leverage

3. Merger: (1) Importance: It is an effective form of bringing state-owned enterprises to the market, allowing them to participate in market competition, and accept the choice of survival of the fittest (2) Significance: a. Reduce the national financial burden; b. Conducive to Turn disadvantages into advantages, thereby achieving concentration and optimization of production and improving overall efficiency (3) Core: Competition

4. "Strong alliance": (1) Purpose: In order to enhance market competitiveness, large enterprises , to obtain greater economic benefits (2) Function: a. Realize complementary advantages and optimize resource allocation; b. Reduce production costs; c. Increase productivity; d. Promote the research and development of production technology; e. Expand market share; f. Obtain greater economic benefits; g. Improve The international competitiveness of enterprises and the development of national industry

5. Bankruptcy: (1) Basis: a. The inevitable result of enterprise competition under market economy conditions. b. The practical need to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. (2) Function: APositive effects: a Strengthen the risk awareness of enterprises, stimulate corporate vitality, improve management, improve technology, and increase productivity b. Have victory towers and optimize the allocation of resources B Negative effects: a Loss of interests for enterprise owners, operators and managers b It may affect social stability and cause social unrest

Section 2: Enterprise Operators

1. The status of state-owned enterprise operators:

Factory Director (Manager) ) status: central status

1. The factory director (manager) exercises his powers in accordance with the law and is protected by law

2. Performance of the central status: (1) Unified command and overall responsibility for the enterprise The production and operation management work of the company is fully responsible for the construction of the two civilizations of the enterprise (2) decision-making power and production command power (3) other leaders are under their leadership and responsible for them

3. The importance of the central position Nature: Make the production and operation activities proceed in an orderly manner and put the enterprise in a favorable position in the competition

4. The relationship between the factory director and the Workers’ Congress: (1) The central position of the factory director in the enterprise’s production and operation activities and command role must be based on democratic management (2) Content: a. The factory director must rely on the employees to perform various obligations of the enterprise; b. Support the work of the Workers’ Congress, the trade union, etc.; c. Implement the decisions of the Workers’ Congress

Status of the Workers' Congress: 1. Nature: It is the basic form of democratic management of enterprises, an institution that enables employees to participate in the democratic management of enterprises as owners

2. Powers and functions: (1) Review major decisions of the enterprise (2) Supervise administrative leadership (3) Protect the legitimate interests of employees

The political core position of the enterprise party organization: 1. Role: Implement the party and the country’s principles and policies in the enterprise Supervision

2. Reflection: (1) Ensure the leadership of the party, implement principles and policies, and the enterprise develops in the direction of socialism (2) Support the factory director in exercising his powers, unify powers and responsibilities, and effectively organize operations (3) Launch Lead the masses to carry out democratic management activities, ensure the ownership status of employees, be unified with the leadership of the factory director, improve socialist production relations, and promote the development of productive forces (4) Lead ideological and political work and mass work, and promote the healthy and coordinated development of the two civilizations

Leadership system of state-owned enterprises: Give full play to the political core role of the party organization, insist on improving the factory director (manager) responsibility system, and rely wholeheartedly on the working class

The relationship between the enterprise, the country, and employees:

1. The relationship between enterprises and the state: it is the relationship between local interests and overall interests (1) strive to improve the economic benefits and market competitiveness of enterprises, enhance the vitality of state-owned enterprises, and promote the development of the state-owned economy (2) proceed from the overall situation , safeguard the overall interests, consciously put national interests first, and contribute to maintaining the dominant position of public ownership and exerting the superiority of the socialist system

2. The relationship between enterprises and employees: it is immediate interests and long-term interests Relationship of interests (1) Put self-accumulation first and increase

Strengthen the development capabilities of the enterprise so that the enterprise can maintain sustained and stable development (2) Care about the lives of the people and take care of the actual interests of employees → In summary: fully mobilize the production enthusiasm of enterprise employees and managers so that the enterprise can achieve greater development

2. The quality of enterprise operators:

Requirements: 1. State-owned enterprise operators should first have high ideological and political qualities: to unite the employees and enable the enterprise to survive in the fierce market competition. Develop in the right direction (2) Any business operator should have good professional ethics: conducive to the construction of two civilizations (3) Good business quality: survive and develop in a competitive environment of survival of the fittest

3. The credibility and image of the enterprise:

Significance: It is an intangible asset of the enterprise and an important factor in the success or failure of the enterprise

Concentrated performance: the quality of products and services, Make the enterprise invincible

Fair competition and unfair competition: 1. Fair competition: (1) Means: improve quality, improve technology, reduce costs, create famous brands, improve credibility (2) Function And results:: a Social role: protect the interests of the national collective and consumers, increase productivity, promote technological progress, and be conducive to the development of the socialist market economy b Legal results: encouraged and protected by law 2. Unfair competition: (1) Means : Avoiding the law or directly violating the law, engaging in fraud, fraud, and benefiting oneself at the expense of others (2) Harm and consequences: a Social harm: harming the legitimate interests of other operators and consumers, disrupting the economic order, not increasing social wealth, and causing huge waste b Legal consequences: suffer Legal Sanctions

Section 1 Three Major Industries

1. Agriculture:

GDP: A country’s residents within a certain period of time within its territory GNP: The monetary expression of the total amount of final products and services produced by all sectors of a country within a certain period

The status of agriculture: the foundation of the national economy

The importance of consolidating and strengthening the basic status of agriculture:

1. The status and role of agriculture determine: the most basic material production sector in the national economy (1) Agriculture is the source of food and clothing for human society and the basis of survival (2) Agriculture is a necessary condition for the existence and development of other material production sectors such as industry and all non-material production sectors (3) Agriculture is the support for the continuous development and development of the entire national economy. Guarantee of progress

2. Determined by the current situation of my country’s agriculture: (1) The level of technical equipment and labor productivity is low, agricultural infrastructure is weak, and disaster resistance is poor (2) The supply of agricultural products, especially grain supply, is at a basic level Balanced but tight state (3) Specific national conditions of less arable land and large population

3. Our country’s historical experience since the founding of the People’s Republic of China has proven that if agriculture develops quickly, the entire national economy will develop quickly

The importance of the basic status of agriculture: 1. It is related to the vital interests of the people, social stability and the development of the national economy, and whether our country can maintain an independent position in international competition. 2. We must attach great importance to agricultural production and in economic development At any stage, the basic position of agriculture cannot be weakened but can only be strengthened

Ways to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture: 1. Meaning: transformation from extensive to intensive

2. Core: Transformation of economic growth pattern

3. Take the road of developing high-yielding, high-quality, and efficient agriculture:

(1) Rely on policies

(2) Rely on science and technology: Rely on science and technology: a. Education, improve the cultural quality and science and technology of all farmers Only by integrating quality b agriculture, science and technology and education, adjusting and optimizing the agricultural industrial structure, and improving the quality and economic benefits of agricultural products can we promote agricultural modernization

(3) Rely on investment: capital investment and material investment, the state, collective and Individual farmers invest the same amount

(4) Relying on industrialized management: a. Measures: Organic integration of production, processing, and sales. b. Goal: Transform agricultural production into large-scale social production that is connected with the market economy. cImportance: an important guarantee for modern agriculture

(5) Relying on industrial structure adjustment

2. Industry:

Classification: 1. Heavy industry: means of production 2 . Light industry: consumption materials

Position: The leading role in the national economy is reflected in: Industry is the material basis for technological transformation in various departments of the national economy

Function: 1. To serve the people

Various sectors of the economy provide technology and equipment (2) Provide energy and raw materials to various sectors of the national economy (3) Provide various consumer goods to meet people's living needs (4) The main source of national accumulation (5) An important condition for strengthening national defense

Importance: 1. The development level of a country's industry directly determines the country's technological level and economic development level

2. To realize our country's socialist modernization, we must vigorously develop industry

3. Tertiary industry:

Levels: 1. Circulation department 2. Departments that serve production and life 3. Departments that serve to improve the level of science and culture and the quality of residents 4. Services for social welfare ***Departments in need of services

Development conditions: 1. Advances in science and technology and improvement in labor productivity 2. Refined social division of labor and increased specialization 3. High productivity in the primary and secondary industries and a decrease in the proportion of the employed population , providing labor force for the tertiary industry 4. The consumption level of residents has increased, the consumption structure has changed, and the market has been provided 5. International economic and technological exchanges

Function: 1. Convenience consumers and improve people's quality of life 2. Promote one and two Industry 3. Promote social progress and economic development

Importance: The prosperity of the tertiary industry is an important feature of the modern economy

1. The tertiary industry is booming in countries around the world. It has become a global economic development trend

2. The prosperity and development of the tertiary industry has become one of the main indicators of measuring the degree of modern social and economic development

Develop the tertiary industry The necessity: 1. Determined by the status and role of the tertiary industry in the national economy

2. Determined by the current situation of relatively lagging development of my country’s tertiary industry: Reasons: (1) The primary and secondary industries Low efficiency and labor constraints (2) Attach importance to industry and despise circulation and service industries

The significance of developing the tertiary industry: 1. Effectively promote my country's industrialization and modernization

2. Expand employment areas and number of employees to ensure social stability

3. Significantly improve people's living standards, improve the quality of life, and promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization

Ways and measures to develop the tertiary industry : 1. Develop the modern service industry 2. Reorganize and transform the traditional service industry 3. Facing household consumption, promote the marketization and socialization of the service industry 4. Significantly increase the added value of the service industry Significantly increase the proportion of the added value of the service industry in GDP and the service industry employment The proportion of employees in the society

Four. The relationship between the three major industries: interdependence and mutual restriction:

1. The primary industry lays the foundation for the secondary and tertiary industries

2. The primary and secondary industries create conditions for the tertiary industry

3. The development of the tertiary industry promotes the progress of the primary and secondary industries

Section 2: Workers’ Rights and Obligations

1. Rights and obligations of workers:

The meaning of the unity of rights and obligations: The ownership of workers consists of the rights enjoyed by workers and the obligations performed by workers, and is achieved through labor Rights reflected in the realization of rights and performance of obligations by workers: 1. Content: (1) Labor rights are the basis of various rights enjoyed by citizens (2) Specific rights: a. Equal employment and choice of employment; b. Access to Remuneration for labor c Rest and vacation d Obtain labor safety and health protection e Receive vocational skills training f Enjoy social insurance and welfare g Submit labor dispute settlement h Other rights

2. Significance: (1) Protect and implement workers Prerequisites for ownership (2) Giving full play to the enthusiasm, creativity and wisdom of workers to make them the main force in reform, opening up and socialist construction

Obligations: 1. Complete labor tasks

2. Implement labor safety and health regulations

3. Improve vocational skills: (1) The level of vocational skills directly affects the level of labor productivity and product quality. The skill level of a country’s workers represents the country’s economy. Strength or even productivity level (2) The improvement of workers’ professional skills is the need for workers to meet the challenges of the 21st century and adapt to the needs of future society

4. Observe labor discipline and professional ethics: (1) Nature: It is the embodiment of socialist ethics with the core of serving the people in professional activities (2) Basic requirements: dedication to work, honesty and trustworthiness, acting fairly, serving the masses, and contributing to society (

3) Function: a Promote people to develop a sense of professionalism and responsibility for their jobs