Linux is an open source operating system and a very popular operating system in the world. The advantages are many.

It is an operating system that is constantly being updated by people from various industries around the world;

It is an operating system that does not require expensive purchase costs

Compared with windows, etc. The system is much more stable

It is currently the preferred server system for many large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises

It is the system with the fewest virus attacks at present

It is the system of choice for anyone who wants to A system that must be mastered to become a computer expert or have already become a computer expert

It is a system that allows you to best understand the underlying operation methods and operating principles of computers

1. International Youth Informatics The Olympic Competition Committee decided: IOI2001 will use the Linux operating system and corresponding programming environment.

2. The Computer Society of China also decided to adopt a new operating system and programming environment in NOI2001.

3. Linux started as a hobby of Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki, Finland.

4. Linux is an operating system compatible with UNIX. But Linux does not include Unix source code.

5. Linux belongs to a software system (GNU) completely based on free software. All GNU programs follow a "Copyleft" principle, that is, they can be copied, modified, and sold. There is only one rule: all improvements and modifications to the source code must be disclosed to every user, and all users can obtain the modified source code. It ensures the continuity of free software dissemination. Linux is free software. Any organization or individual can freely package and combine Linux software and tools under the premise of complying with the GNU Public License, and distribute them for free or for a fee. That is to say: Linux is currently the only free operating system software that can be freely obtained from the Internet or other channels and can provide multi-user, multi-tasking, and multi-process functions for PCs and networks.

6. The logo (mascot) of Linux is the penguin.

7. Linux kernel versions and release versions. Let's look at the kernel version, which generally takes the form of 2.2.16. The first part is the major version number, the second part is the minor version number, both of which constitute the current kernel version number, and the third part is the number of revisions to the current kernel version. According to the convention, when the minor version number is an even number, it means that the kernel is a stable release version, and when the minor version number is an odd number, it means that the kernel is an unstable development version.

8. Like Unix, Linux is generally divided into four main parts: kernel, shell, file system and utilities.

9. Linux needs to use multiple partitions at the same time, and each partition is called a file system. At least two partitions are required: a swap partition and a root file system partition.

10. The file system type used by Linux is ext2 instead of FAT32 (FAT32 is the file system used by WINDOWS).

11. "root" is the root user and is the highest authority user in the Linux system. This account has full access to all files in the system.

12. The shutdown of Linux will be different from that of MSDOS. You cannot shut down at will because Linux will use the memory as a temporary storage area, which may cause system paralysis. Use a normal shutdown to write memory information back to the hard drive. The command used to shut down is "shutdown". The key combination "Ctrl Alt Del" can restart Linux.

13. Vi is the most versatile full-screen editor in the UNIX world. All UNIX machines provide this editor. What is provided in Linux is vim, an enhanced version of vi, which is fully compatible with vi.

14. X Window System is a powerful graphical operating environment on UNIX systems. Provides a Windows-like graphical environment.

15. In the Linux system, the floppy disk/CD is an independent file system, which must be mounted before use and uninstalled after use. Use the command to mount: Mount –t file system type device name mount point.

16. Linux is case-sensitive to letters, and a and A are not equivalent in commands and parameters.

17. Linux contains 5 file systems. The more critical ones are the root file system and the /usr file system.

------------------------------------------------ -----------------------

Good features of Linux

1 Openness

It means that the system follows world standard specifications, especially the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) international standard. All hardware and software developed in compliance with international standards are compatible with each other and can be easily interconnected.

2 Multi-user

It means that system resources can be used by different users. Each user has specific permissions on their own resources (such as files, devices) without affecting each other. Both Linux and Unix have multi-user features

3 Multitasking

is the most important feature of modern computers. It means that the computer executes multiple programs at the same time, and each program runs independently of each other. The Linux system schedules every process to have equal access to the microprocessor. Since the CPU processes very quickly, the result is that the launched applications appear to be running in parallel. In fact, there is only a short time delay between the processor executing a set of instructions in an application and Linux scheduling the microprocessor to run the program again, and the user cannot feel it.

4 Good user interface

Linux provides two interfaces to users: user interface and system calls. The traditional user interface of Linux is a text-based command line interface, that is, the shell, which can be used online or offline in a file. The shell has strong programming capabilities, and users can easily use it to compile programs, thus providing users with more advanced means to expand system functions. Programmable Shell refers to combining multiple commands to form a Shell program. This program can be run alone or simultaneously with other programs. System calls provide users with an interface for programming. Users can directly use the system call commands provided by the system during programming. The system provides low-level, high-efficiency services to user programs through this interface. Linux also provides users with a graphical user interface. It uses mouse, menu, window, scroll bar and other facilities to present users with a friendly graphical interface that is intuitive, easy to operate, and highly interactive.

5 Device independence

Device independence means that the operating system treats all external devices as files. As long as their drivers are installed, any user can use files as Likewise, you can manipulate and use these devices without knowing their specific existence. An operating system with device independence simplifies the work of adding new devices by treating each peripheral device as an independent file. When a new device needs to be added, the system administrator adds the necessary connections in the kernel. This connection (also called a device driver) ensures that every time a device is called to provide services, the kernel handles them in the same way. As new and better peripherals are developed and shipped to users, operations allow unrestricted immediate access to these devices as soon as they are connected to the kernel. The key to device independence is the adaptability of the kernel. Other operating systems only allow a certain number or kind of external devices to be connected.

A device-independent operating system can accommodate any kind and number of devices because each device is accessed independently through its own dedicated connection to the kernel. Linux is a device-independent operating system, and its kernel is highly adaptable. As more programmers join Linux programming, more hardware devices will be added to various Linux kernels and distributions. In addition, since users can obtain the Linux kernel source code for free, users can modify the kernel source code to adapt to newly added external devices.

6 Provides rich network functions

The complete built-in network is a major feature of Linux. Linux is superior to other operating systems in terms of communication and networking capabilities. Linux provides users with complete and powerful network functions. Supporting the Internet is one of its network features. Linux provides a large number of software that supports the Internet for free. The Internet was established and prospered in the Unix field. It is quite convenient to use Linux in this regard. Users can use Linux to communicate with other people in the world through the Internet network. File transfer is one of its network functions. Users can complete the transfer of internal information or files through some Linux commands. Remote access is its third network function. Not only does Linux allow the transfer of files and programs, it also provides system administrators and technicians with a window into other systems. With this remote access capability, one technician can effectively service multiple systems, even if those systems are located far apart.

7 Reliable system security

Linux has adopted many security technical measures, including read and write control, protected subsystems, audit trails, core authorization, etc., which provide a good foundation for the network Provides necessary security for users in multi-user environments.

8 Good portability

Linux portability refers to the ability to move the operating system from one platform to another so that it can still run in its own way. Linux is a portable operating system capable of running in any environment and on any platform, from microcomputers to mainframe computers. Portability provides a means for different computer platforms running Linux to communicate accurately and effectively with any other machine without the need for additional special and expensive communication interfaces.