There are many anecdotes when it comes to "cars". The world's earliest automobile, the "wind cart," was built in 1600 by Dutch engineer C. Invented and manufactured by Shi Wen, the tailwind speed can reach 30km per hour. The world's earliest steam car was built by French Army technical officer Guynot in 1769, with a speed of 4km per hour. The world's earliest gasoline car was created in 1860 by German engineers Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. It was powered by a light-weight, fast-speed gasoline engine. This is a modern car in the modern sense. car. The cars at this time were very rough and had poor performance. They would often get into trouble soon after driving out, and they would have to get out to push the car when going uphill. In 1914, Mr. Ford created the first automobile production line in the United States, producing one car in 10 seconds. In 1997, Americans sent a car to the moon again. Cars are changing rapidly with the rapid development of human science and technology.
my country's first automobile was launched in Shenyang in May 1929 and was manufactured by the Liaoning Mortar Factory under the control of General Zhang Xueliang. Zhang Xueliang asked Li Yichun, director of the Minsheng Factory, to purchase a complete "Ruixue" vehicle from the United States as a prototype. Li Yichun disassembled the entire vehicle, and then redesigned and manufactured other parts except the engine rear axle, electrical devices, tires and other original vehicle parts. In May 1931, after two years, he finally successfully trial-produced my country's first automobile, named For the Minsheng brand 75 car, it pioneered China's self-made cars, which is worthy of admiration after all.
my country’s first imported cars were in 1901 (the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty). It was the Hungarian Leine who brought two cars to Shanghai. One is a awning-type car, the other is a folding hood, with a two-wheel seat in the front, and the wheels are made of wood and covered with solid rubber tires. The steering wheel, steering belt and ladder structure are used to control the driving direction. Kerosene lamps were used for lighting, and the horns were pressed by hand. These two cars swaggered around Shanghai and caused a sensation.
Since the construction of the First Automobile Manufacturing Plant started in July 1953, it was put into production in July 1956. On July 13, 1957, my country produced the first cargo-carrying Jiefang brand automobile, and in May 1958 In August, my country's No. 1 Automobile Manufacturing Plant independently developed, designed and produced the first Hongqi sedan that was in line with the ups and downs of the political situation at that time, honor and disgrace, and was known as the "Oriental Charm". Over the past few decades, my country's automobile industry has developed rapidly. Especially since the reform and opening up, automobile production has adopted various high-tech and humanized safety and convenience facilities, drawing on the essence of foreign automobile scientific research. New favorite "cars" that not only inherit the traditional solid shape but also have the feminine style of a fashionable car, smooth lines and comfortable driving are constantly being born.
Attached is another history of automobile development
History of automobile development
History of automobile development - early days
Vehicles in ancient my country
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The first car in human history was invented by the ancestors of the Chinese nation. According to historical records, in the period of Dayu in the early Xia Dynasty more than 2000 BC, there was a man named Xi Zhong. He invented a car with two wheels supporting an axle. The axle was fixed on a frame with a shaft, and the frame was attached with The carriage is used to hold goods. This is the world's first car.
The original vehicles were driven by human power and were called rickshaws. Later, people began to use cattle and horse-drawn carts, which were called animal-drawn carts. According to legend, the animal-drawn cart was invented by Xiangtu and Wang Hai, the ancestors of Shang Tang.
In the development process of vehicles in the past generations, the guide car and the drum car have important technical value.
During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a skilled technician named Ma Jun who invented the compass. The compass cart is a two-wheeled cart with a single shaft and a wooden figure standing on the cart with its arms stretched out to point south. As soon as you start driving, regardless of whether you turn east or west, the wooden man's arms always point south.
The Ji Li Drum Cart was the first instrument invented in China to record mileage as early as the 3rd century AD. Unfortunately, the original structure was lost, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that it was successfully remade by Yansu.
Both the guide car and the drum car use the principle of gear transmission to work. Its appearance reflects the high level that my country's vehicle manufacturing engineering technology has reached more than 700 years ago, and is an outstanding achievement of ancient my country's technology.
History of automobile development - early days
The first steam car
In 1765, the Englishman Watt invented the steam engine, leading mankind into the "steam engine age" . Many inventors have also applied Watt's invention to the design of "self-propelled vehicles".
It took the Frenchman Cignaud six years to build the world's first practical steam car in 1769. This very peculiar car had a hardwood frame and was supported by three iron wheels that were as tall as a person. In the front of the car is a large pear-shaped boiler with a capacity of 50L, and behind the boiler are two cylinders with a capacity of 11 gallons. The boiler uses a simple crank to transmit the movement of the piston to the front wheel, causing the front wheel to rotate. At the same time, the front wheel is also a steering wheel. Since the boiler is very heavy on the front wheel, it is very laborious to operate the steering lever.
This steam car has a fatal flaw. After every 15 minutes of travel, the pressure in the boiler is exhausted, so it has to stop and add water to boil it into steam. Its top speed is only 4km/h.
Accidents continued to occur during the test run due to difficulty in operating the steering column. Once while going downhill near the Pansengnu Arsenal, he failed to turn in time and hit the wall of the arsenal. The memorable first car in the world was smashed into pieces and changed beyond recognition.
(1): History of automobile development
The golden age of early steam vehicles (1)
At the end of the 18th century in European and American countries, a group of people researching and manufacturing steam appeared. With the automobile craze, various types of steam vehicles came out one after another. Car bodies and other mechanisms are also improving rapidly. By the 19th century, there was a heyday of steam automobiles.
In 1801, Richard Trevitic built Britain's earliest steam car. Two years later, modern times made a steam car that was shaped like a coach. This bus can seat 8 people and has set a world record of 9.6km/h on flat roads and 6.4km/h on slopes.
In 1825, the British Duke Carnet built the first steam train. The engine of this car is mounted in the rear, the rear axle is driven, and the front axle is steered. It adopts an ingenious special steering shaft design. The front two wheels do not bear the weight of the vehicle and can be easily turned by the driver using the steering handle. Then, a shaft is used to guide the front axle to rotate, making steering easy.
In 1831, Garnet used this car to start the world's earliest public car operation business, so this car is also considered to be the world's earliest public car.
(2): The golden age of early steam cars (1)
In 1828, Hangeke built a steam train with better performance than the car in Gannet. , and began the entrepreneurialization of public transportation. His car can carry 22 passengers and has a speed of 32km/h. It is very popular after operation. In 1834, the "Scottish Steam Motor Company", the world's earliest public automobile transport company, was developed and established.
(3): History of automobile development
The golden age of early steam vehicles (2)
In 1805, American Ivins built a steam engine for the first time amphibious vehicle.
This kind of amphibious vehicle was commissioned by the Philadelphia Port Authority to dredge the Philadelphia Port. It was originally intended to be a dredger. Unexpectedly, after the ship was completed, the dredging operation site was not on the coast, so it had to be considered. A steamship transports it to a place with a port. Ivens installed four wheels on the bottom of the ship, which were driven by the ship's steam engine. In this way, the ship was transported to the port. So the dredger became an amphibious vehicle. It also became the originator of modern amphibious vehicles.
In 1928, the Frenchman Péquard built a steam traction car. This car was the first to use a general layout that placed the engine at the front of the car and was driven by the rear axle. Between the engine and the rear axle, a chain drive is used. In order to flexibly turn, the rear axle system consists of two half shafts, which are connected by a differential gear. This is the earliest differential invented. In addition, the two small front wheels are elastically connected to the frame, which is called independent suspension. This independent suspension design was of epoch-making significance at the time. Pequal's chain drive, differential, independent suspension and other designs have made great contributions to the development of automobiles and are still widely used in automobiles today.
(4): History of automobile development
The decline of early steam vehicles
In the initial development period of steam vehicles, their designs were very simple, just A steam engine was fitted with chassis and wheels. In order to achieve a certain output power, it is necessary to have a boiler as large as possible; in order to achieve a certain stroke, sufficient water and coal must be prepared; if the vehicle body is heavy, a strong chassis and strong wheels are required. In this way, it is a vicious circle, the car becomes heavier and heavier, and the control becomes more and more difficult.
Therefore, these large steam cars are only suitable for scheduled round-trip travel, with fixed routes and coal and water supplies along the way. Even so, there are still many unavoidable flaws, such as difficulty in braking, the car is too heavy, narrow wheels, large inertia, and insensitive steering. Sometimes you know you need to slow down and turn, but you can't slow down or turn. You can only watch the car hit an obstacle, or the brakes are too hard and the axle breaks. What's even more frightening is that the furnace pressure is too high and difficult to control for a while, and boiler explosions often occur.
Moreover, riding this kind of car also depends on the weather: on rainy days, the car is not well covered, and the road is muddy and unsafe; on cold days, it is difficult to boil water, it is easy to burn out, and the driving is slow; on hot days, sitting next to the boiler is not safe. People are willing to endure it; on windy days, it depends on the wind direction. When the wind is downwind, the thick smoke from the rear of the car will make the passengers breathless.
(5): History of automobile development
The resurgence and final decline of early steam vehicles
At the end of the 19th century, with the development of capitalist industry and commerce, Europe and the United States Governments of various countries felt that horse-drawn carriages were far from meeting the needs of the times, so they began to vigorously advocate powered locomotives. Under this call, the steam industry in various countries developed rapidly again, like dew after a long drought.
The Frenchman Amédé Péreux Paire built a four-wheeled steam long-distance bus in 1872. This car was equipped with two V-shaped steam engines. Approximately similar to a modern car's transmission and steering wheel.
In 1883, Frenchman Thion Pudong formed an automobile company to manufacture three-wheeled steam vehicles. From then on, the steam locomotive entered the industrial production stage from a single trial production.
At the same time as passenger cars developed, freight steam cars also developed. Trucks require large traction and the ability to climb hills. The typical style of early steam wagons was with the engine in the front, rear-wheel drive, and a spacious trough.
(6): Four milestones in the history of automobile development
The first gasoline engine car
In 1885, German engineer Karl Benz developed a A three-wheeler with a 0.85 horsepower gasoline engine. Another German engineer, Godlib Daimler, also developed a four-wheel car powered by a 1.1-horsepower gasoline engine.
The first mass-produced car
In 1908, the Ford Model T, the first four-wheeled vehicle in automobile history that was mass assembled on a production line, was born in the United States.
The Ford Model T changed the shape of the previous automobile and horse-drawn vehicles, coupled with innovations and improvements in functional configurations, making it the best personal transportation vehicle in the city at that time. 19,000 units were sold in the first year of its launch. When the Model T rolled off the assembly line in 1920, 15 million had been produced.
The first epoch-making car
The success of the Volkswagen Beetle is well known: it broke the production record of Ford's Model T car. Currently, Volkswagen has launched the new Beetle, which has aroused great interest. Its advantages are that it is durable, not luxurious, and its price is affordable.
The first mini car
The "Mi?ni" car launched in 1959 triggered a revolution in automotive technology. This small car not only achieved conceptual breakthroughs, but also won championships in automobile races many times. Today, 40 years later, this car is still popular, and almost all companies have imitated the design of the "mini car" to make it the most family-friendly car.
(7): The development history of several major automobile companies
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is one of the world's top ten automobile industry companies. It is a comprehensive transnational monopoly industrial group mainly engaged in the production of automobiles, with its business scope covering electronics, aviation, steel and military industries. It was founded in Detroit, USA in 1901. The company is currently headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, USA, with a total of 370,000 employees. The engineering research department under the company?熘? Mu Zhi wash lick health ⒘ Zhi milling sheath diarrhea L false 猓? 肂lax fashionable paper weft lazy ⑴艹 ⒋ popping island transparent 鍍tu ǔ lazy?
The founder of the company, Ford I, was a farmer. Son, he is known as the founder of modern cars. He designed the Ford Model T and assembled it on the assembly line. One car could be produced every 10 seconds, which greatly reduced production costs. He set a production record of 15 million vehicles in 20 years and made Ford a success. From 1911 to 1927, it once became the world's number one automobile company, and the production history of the Ford Model T is known as a great and epoch-making initiative in the history of the world's automobile industry.
The old Ford had twice founded a car company and both failed. The third time he hired experts to predict the market and come up with ideas for cheap cars, and established a widely distributed sales system. A designer known as a "mechanization genius" designed a production line for him. The completion of these tasks allowed his Model T cars to be continuously integrated into the market. When he achieved decisive success and ascended to the throne of "Car King", he dismissed these heroes and began personal dictatorship and family monopoly. At that time, none of the more than 500 senior employees in the company had received higher education. The finances are in disarray to the extent that they continue to pay wages to dead employees. The result allowed General Motors to come from behind. When the company was in crisis, Ford II, who was highly educated, took office and brought with him a group of think tanks. The company's operating conditions are gradually improving. But the family's bad habits led Ford II to repeat his mistakes. He was self-willed and categorically fired Jacocca, an automotive genius who had created hundreds of millions of dollars in profits for him, shocking both the government and the opposition.
In just two years from 1980 to 1982, the company's losses reached US$3 billion. On the verge of bankruptcy. At the time of another crisis, Ford II retired gloriously with 40% of the company's shares. Decades of history have proven that property ownership and management rights should be separated under certain conditions. After the new leader took office, he reformed the management system, mobilized the enthusiasm of workers to participate in management, and took a series of measures for the revitalization of the company. In 1989, the turnover reached US$96.9 billion. Firmly sitting on the second spot in the U.S. automobile industry
(8): General Motors
The automobile company logo, "GM" in the picture is General Motors.
The abbreviation of (GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION), taken from the first letters of the first two words.
General Motors is the world's largest automobile company, with an annual industrial output value of more than 100 billion US dollars.
Its logo GM is taken from the first letter of the English word General Motors. It was developed by William Durant on the basis of Buick Motor Company in September 1908 and was founded in Detroit, the automobile city of the United States. The current headquarters remains in Detroit. In addition to producing and selling cars, it is also involved in aerospace, electronic communications, industrial automation and finance. From the automotive industry, it is about 0%.
General Motors ranks first among the 500 largest companies in the United States and second among the world's largest industrial companies. It employs 80 people in the United States and around the world in 0 countries and regions. The total annual automobile production of the GM family reaches 9 million vehicles.
General Motors has six car divisions in the United States, including Buick, Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Pontiac and GMC department, in addition, there are many branches around the world, of which General Motors Europe is the largest. The annual output of Opel and Vauxhall has exceeded one million cars. Not long ago, General Motors acquired the British Lotus Automotive Engineering Company, the world's most advanced sports car research and production department, adding strength to the General Motors family.
General Motors is one of the earliest large-scale enterprises in the United States to implement joint-stock systems and expert group management. The cars produced by General Motors typically display the characteristics of American cars such as luxury, spaciousness, comfortable interior, fast speed, and large reserve power. And General Motors pays special attention to quality and the adoption of new technologies. Therefore, General Motors' products have always enjoyed a high reputation in the minds of users.
(9): Mercedes-Benz Car Company
Mercedes-Benz
The three-pointed star symbolizes the desire to conquer land, sea and air. This logo was created after the merger of Daimler and Mercedes-Benz. Daimler's original trademark was a three-pointed star, while Mercedes-Benz's trademark was a double circle with the word "BENZ" in it. After the merger, the Daimler-Benz trademark was a single circle. Three-pointed star.
Mercedes-Benz is the oldest manufacturer in the world and is famous for its production of high-quality, high-performance luxury cars. It is also one of the top ten automobile companies in the world. Germany is the largest automobile company by sales and second by sales volume. It was founded in 1926 by Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, who are known as the "Fathers of the Automobile".
The predecessor of Mercedes-Benz Car Company is the Mercedes-Benz Car Factory and Daimler Car Factory established in 1886. In 1926, the two factories merged into Daimler-Benz Cars. The Mercedes-Benz Cars Company was initially divided into the so-called Mannheim version and Stuttgart version. In 1936, the products were unified named Mercedes-Benz cars. In 1945, Mercedes-Benz began producing trucks, and resumed car production in 1946, gradually restoring its status as the world's major high-end car manufacturer. In 1989, in order to facilitate management, the company was reorganized into Daimler-Benz Industrial Group, and its automotive department was renamed Mercedes-Benz Cars.
Benz is headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany, with a total of 185,000 employees. Annual output of 600,000 cars. The business style of Mercedes-Benz Cars has always been consistent. It does not pursue the expansion of automobile production, but only pursues the production of high-quality, high-performance and high-level automobile products. Among the world's top ten automobile companies, Mercedes-Benz has the smallest output, less than 1 million vehicles, but its profits and sales rank among the top five. Mercedes-Benz's lowest-level cars are priced at more than 15,000 US dollars, while luxury cars are more than 100,000 US dollars, and intermediate models are also around 40,000 US dollars. In addition to high-end luxury cars, Mercedes-Benz is also the world's most famous manufacturer of buses and heavy-duty trucks. Mercedes-Benz has a wide range of trucks, special-purpose vehicles and buses. There are more than 10 basic types of trucks alone. Mercedes-Benz is also the world's largest heavy-duty vehicle manufacturer. Its all-wheel drive 3850AS truck has a maximum power of 368 kilowatts and a towing capacity of 220 tons.
In 1984, the new 6.5-ton to 11-ton trucks launched by Mercedes-Benz on the market adopted new technologies such as air brakes, servo steering and electronic anti-brake devices, which shocked major truck companies.
Benz has 6 subsidiaries in China and 23 subsidiaries abroad. It has liaison offices, sales points and assembly plants all over the world. In the 1980s, Mercedes-Benz cooperated with China North Industries Corporation to transfer heavy-duty vehicle production technology to China. Now, Norinco has put into mass production. Mercedes-Benz's new car products include four series: Mercedes-Benz W201, W124, R129 and W126. Among them, the 560SEC of the W126 series and the 500SL of the R129 series are both very popular ultra-luxury cars.