1. Zhu Tan, king of Lu, was the first prince to die in the Ming Dynasty, and the construction of his mausoleum was the first among princes. The mausoleum system and many ceremonies are the basis for the imperial court to formulate the prince's mausoleum system. "Ming History" records: "In the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu, the King of Qin was ordered to be buried, and the minister of rites was appointed as Hengtai. He said that he would take an examination of the Song system and suspend it for five days." Customize the prince's funeral for three days. Does send officials to be responsible for the funeral, the Hanlin Academy writes the memorial, arranges books and records, the Ministry of Industry makes the inscription flag, sends officials to build the grave, and the Qin Tian supervisor buries it. Eight imperial academy students were reported to the palace. (4) It can be seen that when Qin Chengwang died in the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu, the original examination system in Song Dynasty was five days, and later the service system was the same as the funeral of King Lu. The three-day attendance and other ceremonies were customized according to the funeral of King Lu. Therefore, it can be said that the funeral apparatus of King Lu was used for reference by the imperial court when formulating the prince's ritual system. This is unmatched by other Wang Ling. Second, the mausoleum occupies the largest area, and the underground palace is the deepest from the surface. According to local legends and the actual research of relevant experts, there are inner and outer city walls in the mausoleum area (there are still glazed tiles in the ruins of the outer city wall), with a circumference of 4,000 meters and a total area of 960,000 square meters, which is the largest among the princes. Although the princes of later generations were different from the relatives and friends of the emperors, the rich and the poor where the imperial palace was located, and the rise and fall of the national situation, the scale of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was still alive, which showed Zhu Yuanzhang's love for Zhu Tan and proved his strong national strength. Moreover, the underground palace is 26 meters away from the surface, second only to the mausoleum (Dingling is 27 meters away from the surface), while other prince tombs are only about 6 meters away from the surface.
Third, the excavation is the most complete and the most cultural relics are unearthed.
More than 300 pieces of cultural relics 1300 were unearthed from the tomb of Huang Luwang, which provided valuable information for studying the prince's ritual system and political and economic situation.
The first is coronation: First of all, the nine crowns are worn by the prince when he meets the emperor or has a major ceremony. As the top hat of King Lu, this nine-needle crown * * uses nine needles and nine beads (colorful jade beads), and * * * uses 162 beads, which is second only to the emperor's twelve needles (***288). According to the textual research of Comrade Wang Wei of Shandong Provincial Museum, there are only two China pendants as a collection of cultural relics. The other is an antique coronation suit worn by Yuan Shikai when he ascended the throne in Fu Bi. This pro-Wang Mian in the early Ming Dynasty more than 600 years ago is the only evidence of ancient coronation in the world. It has high cultural and historical value and is a precious object to fill the historical gap and study the ancient coronation system.
Second, the nine-seam leather coat, also known as the nine-seam crown, was worn by the king of Lu, guests and princes when they went to court, ranking second only to the crown. This leather rattan is woven with gold thread, inlaid with gold edge, gold ring and gold hairpin, and decorated with nine colorful pearls and jade. It is the only real leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat, leather coat. Thirdly, the woven cotton satin gown, with exquisite design and craft, is the only one found in China in the early Ming Dynasty.
The fourth is a jade belt inlaid with gold. The buckle is a double-layer gold nugget with a big gem in the middle and red, sapphire, turquoise, emerald, pearl and cat's eye gems around it. The whole body is inlaid with 33 gems of various colors. Such a small area, inlaid with so many precious stones, is extremely rare at all times, at home and abroad. Opals, in particular, are as crystal clear as cat's eyes. It is understood that there are only five known cat's eyes, including the cat's eye unearthed from the tomb of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the hemispherical cat's eye unearthed from the tomb of nobles in Qing Dynasty in Inner Mongolia, the ordinary cat's eye inlaid on the top of the golden pagoda in the Palace Museum, and the two gold buckles unearthed from Zhu Tan's tomb. They are like a pair of cat's eyes, magical and shiny. As the treasure of the town hall of Shandong Provincial Museum, this kind of gold buckle is rarely exhibited. According to the textual research of Comrade Teng Wei in the Provincial Museum, the scale of 14 gold belt ornaments inlaid with gems unearthed in Dingling is not as large as this collection; There are many precious gems and exquisite decorations, which provide rich physical and scientific basis for studying the development of politics, economy, culture and art in Ming Dynasty. Secondly, the funerary objects in Huang Lu's tomb are priceless, and a large number of precious cultural relics have been unearthed.
Rare cultural relics 1: Qin Tang's Tian Feng Hai Tao. The excavation of the "Tianfeng Haitao" piano shocked the archaeological community. Piano length 12 1 cm and width 19.5 cm. Made of paulownia wood, the piano body is painted black and cracked like a snake, and the back is engraved with the seal script "Tianfeng Haitao". There are two flutes in the belly of the piano: Longtan and Fengfen. According to legend, the sound of the piano is like the wind in the sky and the waves in the sea. It has a unique shape and enjoys the reputation of "Guqin is priceless". Wei Lei is famous for his skill in making snake harp. Wei Lei's snake harp has been handed down from generation to generation in Song and Ming Dynasties.
Rare cultural relics II: Unrecorded ancient books. Seven kinds of books (Yuan Edition) with 2 1 volume were unearthed in the tomb, including: Zhuzi Chua's Collection of Books with 6 volumes and 3 volumes, Butterfly Clothes; "Biography of Hu Chunqiu Gong", 30 volumes and 6 volumes, with an envelope attached, wrapped in Beizhuang; Notes to Four Books (volume19,2), Bao Beizhuang; Shao Wei's Family School with Notes as the General Mirror, 60 volumes and 2 volumes, Bao Beizhuang; Collected works of Mr. Changli of Zhu Wengong School, 52 volumes and 5 volumes, Bao Beizhuang; Huangbu Ganjia's Chronicle of Du Gongbu's Poetry History has thirty-six volumes and two volumes, including Beizhuang. Most of the books published in the Yuan Dynasty came from Jiangnan provinces, and they were all popular books at that time. Except for Han Changli's collected works, the rest were not recorded. Precious Cultural Relics III: Sunflower Fan inscribed by Song Gaozong. There are also four volumes of paintings, which are also rare cultural relics. Among them, "Sunflower Butterfly" in Song Dynasty is inscribed with "Rizi 148". Fan-shaped, 24.3 cm high and 25.5 cm wide; Silk, gold powder coloring, boneless hollyhock painting, flying butterfly. There is a seal of "Imperial Women's Book" at the top of the painting, and a seal of "Yin Si" at the bottom left. On the back, there is a gold inscription by Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou on the sunflower fan: "The white dew only urges August, and the purple leaves are bleak." . No one cares about the cold yellow flowers, but loves the sunset alone. Precious calligraphy and paintings unearthed in Huang Lu's tomb also include the White Lotus Map written by Qian Xuan in Yuan Dynasty. Qian Xuan, who was good at painting flowers, birds and landscapes in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, was one of the eight handsome men in the early Yuan Dynasty.
Others, such as Qian Yuan's inscription, carved white jade cups and wooden servant's gifts, are also rare treasures. In particular, the sacrificial ceremony of 432 wooden figurines was a true portrayal of the "prosperity of armored guards" of the prince at that time.
Many of these cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Zhu Tan, King Lu, are orphans or treasures, which provide precious material evidence for studying the politics, economy and technology of the prince's ritual system in the Ming Dynasty, which is incomparable to other tombs of the prince in China.
Through the above comparative analysis, we can draw the following conclusions: Zhu Tan, the king of Lu, was the first to die among the vassal States, and the mausoleum was the first to be built, and its organizational system and ritual system were used by other tombs; The cemetery occupies the largest area, and the underground palace is the deepest from the surface; Unearthed cultural relics are the most complete and have the highest value; There are many wise kings among the kings of Lu, and the succession time is the longest. Therefore, it can be said that Huangluling is called the first tomb of the Ming Dynasty, and there should be no objection.