Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Modern Agriculture and Further Enhancing the Vitality of Rural Development

Comprehensively implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and unswervingly follow the principles of Chinese characteristics To advance on the road of socialism and strive to build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, we must consolidate our foundation, always regard solving the problems of agriculture and rural farmers as the top priority of the whole party's work, and regard the integration of urban and rural development as the fundamental solution to the "three rural" issues. Approach; we must coordinate and promote the simultaneous development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, focus on strengthening the basic support of modern agriculture, and further promote the construction of a new socialist countryside.

Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have thoroughly implemented the Scientific Outlook on Development, comprehensively promoted practical innovation, theoretical innovation, and institutional innovation in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", comprehensively established the top priorities, coordinated urban and rural areas, and "four modernizations" "Synchronize" and other strategic ideas, comprehensively formulate a series of major policies to give more and take less, let industry support agriculture, and cities to support rural areas, and comprehensively build an institutional framework for agricultural production and operation, agricultural support and protection, rural social security, and coordinated urban and rural development. Agriculture Production has been greatly developed, the appearance of rural areas has been greatly improved, and farmers have received great benefits. Agricultural and rural development has achieved a historic leap, ushering in another golden period, and initially exploring a path for agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics. Grain output has achieved "nine consecutive increases" and comprehensive agricultural production capacity has reached a new level. The income of farmers has increased rapidly for the ninth time in a row, and the survival and food and clothing problems of the rural poor have been basically solved. The livelihood of rural people has been improved at an accelerated pace, and many major and good things have been done that have won the hearts of the people. Significant progress has been made in the comprehensive rural reform and the reform of the collective forest rights system, and the institutional obstacles that separate urban and rural areas have been accelerated. The relationship between the party and the masses, cadres and the masses in rural areas has been significantly improved, and rural society has maintained harmony and stability. The good situation in agriculture and rural areas has injected strong impetus into my country's comprehensive national strength in the changing international situation, made it possible for the modernization drive to stride forward in the face of numerous risks and challenges, and enabled the cause of the party and the country to thrive in the face of various difficult tests. Confident and won the strategic initiative. Practice has proved that the central government's major policy policy of promoting rural reform and development is completely correct, and the policies introduced to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers and enrich farmers are very effective.

With the deepening of industrialization and urbanization, my country's agricultural and rural development is entering a new stage, showing rising comprehensive agricultural production costs, prominent structural contradictions in the supply and demand of agricultural products, accelerated transformation of rural social structures, and accelerated integration of urban and rural development. situation. The contradiction between more people and less land and water shortage has intensified. The total demand for agricultural products has increased rigidly, the consumption structure has rapidly upgraded, and agriculture's dependence on foreign countries has increased significantly. The task of ensuring national food security and the effective supply of important agricultural products is arduous; rural labor has moved in large numbers, and farmers have become part-time businesses. , the trend of hollowing out villages and the aging of the population is obvious, farmers have diverse interests and demands, and it is imperative to strengthen and innovate rural social management; the correlation between the national economy and rural development has significantly increased, the loss of agricultural resource elements is accelerating, and an equal exchange mechanism for urban and rural elements must be established The requirements are more urgent, and there is a long way to go to narrow the urban-rural regional development gap and the residents’ income distribution gap. We must adapt to the changes in the stage, follow the laws of development, enhance our awareness of danger, and mobilize the whole party and the country to continuously strengthen agriculture, benefit rural areas, and enrich farmers.

The overall requirements for agricultural and rural work in 2013 are: fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and implement the "synchronization of the four modernizations" under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents" and the Scientific Outlook on Development. In accordance with the strategic deployment of ensuring supply, increasing income, benefiting people's livelihood, and adding vitality through reform and innovation, we will increase the intensity of rural reform, policy support, and science and technology drive, focus on the construction of modern agriculture, give full play to the advantages of the basic rural management system, and focus on Build a new agricultural management system that combines intensiveness, specialization, organization, and socialization to further liberate and develop rural social productivity and consolidate and develop the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.

1. Establish a supply guarantee mechanism for important agricultural products and strive to consolidate the material foundation of modern agriculture

Ensuring national food security and ensuring the effective supply of important agricultural products has always been the primary task of developing modern agriculture. We must not relax food production, accelerate the construction of a modern agricultural industrial system, and strive to strengthen agricultural material and technical support.

1. Stable development of agricultural production. Grain production must adhere to the general requirements of stabilizing area, optimizing structure, and focusing on yield per unit area to ensure a bumper harvest.

We will continue to carry out actions to stabilize and increase grain production, focus on strengthening the infrastructure construction of 800 major grain-producing counties, and promote water-saving and grain-increasing actions and grain-yield scientific and technological projects in the four northeastern provinces and regions. Support the construction of cotton, oil and sugar production bases in advantageous production areas. Expand the scale of high-yield production of grain, cotton, oil and sugar, implement the integration system in key production areas, and integrate and promote regional, standardized high-yield and efficient models. We will thoroughly implement soil testing and formulated fertilization, and strengthen capacity building for monitoring, early warning, and joint prevention and control of major pests and diseases. We will intensify the implementation of the new round of "vegetable basket" projects and expand the scale of the establishment of horticultural crop standard gardens and livestock and poultry aquatic product standardized breeding demonstration farms. We will use awards in lieu of subsidies to support pilot projects in the construction of modern agricultural demonstration zones. Promote the project of improving seeds in the planting and breeding industry, and accelerate the construction of crop seed production bases and demonstration sites for the introduction of new varieties. Strengthen the upgrading and transformation of fishing boats, the construction of fishery law enforcement vessels and the construction of safe harbors, and support the development of distant-water fisheries.

2. Strengthen agricultural material and technical equipment. Implement and improve the strictest farmland protection system, and intensify efforts to promote the construction of high-standard farmland. Accelerate the renovation of supporting facilities in large and medium-sized irrigation areas, the renovation of irrigation and drainage pumping stations, and the management of small and medium-sized rivers, expand the coverage of key counties for small-scale farmland water conservancy, vigorously develop efficient water-saving irrigation, increase the construction of rainwater collection and utilization, weir pond renovation and other projects, and improve Ability to prevent floods, resist drought and reduce disasters. Increase financial support for the construction and risk removal and reinforcement of small reservoirs. The farmland water conservancy construction funds extracted from land transfer proceeds shall be promptly and fully accrued and properly managed. Accelerate the implementation of the policy that the operation and management costs of agricultural irrigation and drainage projects shall be appropriately subsidized by the finance department. Strengthen the construction of agricultural science and technology innovation capabilities and the protection of intellectual property rights, continue to implement key scientific and technological projects such as the development of the seed industry, and accelerate the research and development of grain, cotton, oil, sugar and other agricultural machinery and equipment, efficient and safe fertilizers, pesticides and veterinary drugs. Promote the construction of national agricultural science and technology parks and high-tech industry demonstration zones.

3. Improve the efficiency of agricultural product circulation. Coordinate the layout of the agricultural product market circulation network, focus on supporting the construction of important agricultural product distribution centers and advantageous agricultural product origin markets, strengthen the construction of agricultural product futures markets, add new agricultural product futures varieties in a timely manner, and cultivate agricultural product price formation and trading centers with domestic and foreign influence. Accelerate the construction of agricultural product retail markets with urban standardized wet markets, fresh food supermarkets, and urban and rural fairs as the mainstay. Strengthen the construction of grain and oil warehousing and logistics facilities, and develop frozen storage, graded packaging, and electronic settlement of agricultural products. Improve the cold chain logistics system covering all aspects of agricultural product collection, processing, transportation and sales. Vigorously cultivate modern circulation methods and new circulation formats, and develop online transactions of agricultural products, chain distribution and farmers' online stores. Continue to implement the "North-to-South Grain Transport", "South-to-North Vegetable Transport", "West-to-East Fruit Delivery", the Thousands of Villages and Thousands of Townships Market Project, and the New Rural Modern Circulation Network Project, and start the creation of a comprehensive demonstration zone for the modern circulation of agricultural products. Support supply and marketing cooperatives, large commercial groups, and postal systems in carrying out agricultural product circulation. Deeply implement the trademark enrichment project and strengthen the protection of geographical indications and trademarks of agricultural products.

4． Improve market regulation of agricultural products. Give full play to the incentive effect of price on agricultural production and farmers' income increase, continue to increase the minimum purchase price of wheat and rice in accordance with the principle of production cost plus reasonable profit, and initiate temporary purchase and storage of agricultural products such as corn, soybeans, rapeseed, cotton, sugar and so on in a timely manner. Optimize the variety structure and regional layout of grain and other bulk agricultural product reserves, and improve the import dump system for grain, cotton, oil and sugar. We will improve the monitoring and early warning mechanism for important agricultural products markets, conscientiously implement the pig market price control plan, and improve the control methods for fresh agricultural products. Improve tax control policies for the import and export of agricultural products, strengthen import tariff quota management, improve the import reporting system for bulk varieties, and strengthen the monitoring of imports of sensitive varieties. Promote the diversification of import sources, standardize import and export order, and crack down on smuggling. Strengthen and improve the agricultural product information statistical release system and establish a market regulation effect evaluation system. Expand the variety of agricultural product reserves.

5． Improve food safety levels. Reform and improve the food safety supervision system, strengthen comprehensive coordination and linkage, implement full supervision responsibilities from the field to the table, and accelerate the formation of a scientific and complete food safety system that is in line with national conditions. Improve agricultural product quality safety and food safety traceability systems. Strengthen environmental monitoring of agricultural production processes, strictly manage the production, operation and use of agricultural inputs, and actively carry out prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution and livestock and poultry breeding pollution. Support the construction of food safety testing rooms (stations) in agricultural product wholesale markets and subsidize inspection and testing costs. Improve the grassroots food safety work system, increase investment in the construction of regulatory agencies, and comprehensively improve regulatory capabilities and levels.

2. Improve the agricultural support and protection system, and continuously increase the intensity of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich farmers

To adapt to the objective requirements of agriculture entering a period of high investment, high cost, and high risk development, we must We will strengthen support and protection for agriculture more consciously and resolutely. On the basis of stabilizing, improving and strengthening effective policies, efforts should be made to build a long-term mechanism for the stable growth of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" investment to ensure that the total amount continues to increase and the proportion steadily increases.

1. Increase agricultural subsidies. In accordance with the requirements of increasing the total amount, optimizing the stock, making good use of the increase, and strengthening supervision, we will continue to strengthen agricultural subsidy policies, improve the methods of interest compensation for main production areas, farmland protection compensation, and ecological compensation, so as to accelerate the production of reasonable profits for agriculture and allow the main production areas to Financial resources gradually reach the national or provincial average level. Continue to increase the scale of agricultural subsidy funds. New subsidies will be concentrated in main production areas and advantageous production areas, and will be tilted towards new production and operation entities such as large professional households, family farms, and farmer cooperatives. We will implement the policy of direct subsidies for grain farmers and subsidy for improved seeds, expand the scale of subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery, and promote the pilot program of replacing old agricultural machinery with new ones. We will improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism for comprehensive agricultural input subsidies and gradually expand the scope of pilot subsidies for large grain growers. Continue to implement subsidies for key technologies for agricultural disaster prevention and reduction, stabilize and increase production, and subsidies for soil organic matter improvement, support the implementation of professional integrated prevention and control of crop diseases and pests, and launch pilot subsidy trials for the use of low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides and high-efficiency slow-release fertilizers. Improve animal husbandry production support policies, support the development of beef and beef sheep, and implement distant-water fishery subsidies and tax exemption policies. Increase reward funds for major grain (oil) producing counties, implement reward policies for major pig transfer counties, and study and formulate reward policies for major grain crop seed production counties. Increase financial investment in comprehensive agricultural development. Funds for the development of modern agricultural production focus on supporting the accelerated development of grain and local advantageous and characteristic industries.

2. Improve rural financial services. Strengthen the state's support and guidance for rural financial reform and development, effectively increase the intensity of commercial finance to support agriculture, give full play to the role of policy finance and cooperative finance, and ensure continued expansion of agriculture-related credit. Innovate financial products and services, give priority to meeting the credit needs of rural households, and increase credit support for new production and operation entities. Strengthen the effective coordination of fiscal and tax leverage and financial policies, and implement policies such as incremental incentives for agricultural-related loans by county financial institutions, targeted fee subsidies for rural financial institutions, tax incentives for farmers' loans, and interest discounts on small guaranteed loans. Stabilize the legal person status of county (city) rural credit cooperatives and continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives. Explore the new model of the Agricultural Bank of China in serving "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", strengthen the policy function positioning of the Agricultural Development Bank, and encourage the National Development Bank to promote modern agriculture and new rural construction. Support social capital to participate in the establishment of new rural financial institutions. Improve rural payment service conditions and smooth payment and settlement channels. Strengthen cooperation and cooperation between agricultural-related credit and insurance, innovate mortgage (pledge) guarantee methods and financing tools that are consistent with rural characteristics, and establish a multi-level and multi-form agricultural credit guarantee system. Expand the scale of forest rights mortgage loans and improve the forestry loan interest discount policy. We will improve the policy-based agricultural insurance system, improve agricultural insurance premium subsidy policies, increase agricultural insurance premium subsidies for central and western regions and major production counties, and appropriately increase the proportion of premium subsidies for some types of insurance. Pilot projects for premium subsidies for crop seed production, fishery, agricultural machinery, rural housing insurance and forest insurance in key state-owned forest areas will be launched. Promote the establishment of a financially supported agricultural insurance catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism. Support qualified leading agricultural industrialization enterprises and various agricultural-related enterprises to raise development funds through multi-level capital markets.

3. Encourage social capital to invest in new rural construction. All walks of life must proactively favor rural areas when formulating development plans, arranging projects, and increasing investment. Guide state-owned enterprises to participate in and support agricultural and rural development. Encourage enterprises and social organizations to establish various undertakings such as medical and health care, education and training, social welfare, social services, culture, tourism and sports in rural areas through investment and financing, donations, talent and technical support, etc., and enjoy tax incentives, management and maintenance fees in accordance with regulations Subsidies and other policies. Implement the pre-income tax deduction policy for public welfare donations to rural public welfare projects. Encourage enterprises to build rural production and living infrastructure through various investment methods.

3. Innovate the agricultural production and management system and steadily improve the degree of organization of farmers

Innovation in agricultural production and management organizations is the core and foundation for promoting the construction of modern agriculture. It is necessary to respect and protect the dominant position of farmers in production and management, cultivate and strengthen new agricultural production and management organizations, and fully stimulate the potential of rural production factors.

1. Stabilize rural land contract relations.

It is urgent to study the specific implementation form of existing land contract relations to remain stable and unchanged for a long time, and improve the relevant legal system. Adhere to the principle of voluntary compensation in accordance with the law, guide the orderly transfer of rural land contract management rights, encourage and support the transfer of contracted land to large professional households, family farms, and farmers' cooperatives, and develop various forms of moderate-scale operations. In conjunction with farmland infrastructure construction, farmers are encouraged to adopt mutually beneficial exchange methods to solve the problem of fragmentation of contracted plots. There must be no forced orders in land transfer to ensure that farmers’ rights and interests are not harmed, land use is not changed, and comprehensive agricultural production capacity is not damaged. Explore and establish a strict access and supervision system for farmland (forest land, grassland) contracted by farmers for industrial and commercial enterprises to lease. Standardize land transfer procedures, gradually improve the three-level service network in counties and villages, and strengthen transfer services such as information communication, policy consultation, contract signing, and price evaluation. Strengthen the construction of a mediation and arbitration system for rural land contract management disputes. We will deepen the reform of the state-owned agricultural reclamation management system and expand the pilot reform of the social functions of state-owned farms. Steadily advance demonstration and pilot projects for comprehensive rural reform.

2. Efforts should be made to improve the intensive management level of farmers. In accordance with the development requirements of scale, specialization, and standardization, farmers will be guided to adopt advanced and applicable technologies and modern production factors to accelerate the transformation of agricultural production and management methods. Create a good policy and legal environment, and adopt various measures such as incentives and subsidies to support joint household operations, large professional households, and family farms. Vigorously cultivate new farmers and rural practical talents, and focus on strengthening agricultural vocational education and vocational training. Make full use of various training resources, increase training for large professional households and family farm operators, and improve their production skills and management level. Develop a special plan to provide subsidies and loan support to qualified secondary and higher school graduates, retired military personnel, and returning migrant workers to start farming and entrepreneurship.

3. We will vigorously support the development of new farmer cooperative organizations in various forms. Farmers' cooperatives are the basic entities that bring farmers into the market, are new entities that develop the rural collective economy, and are an effective carrier for innovating rural social management. In accordance with the requirements of active development, gradual standardization, strengthening support and improving quality, increase efforts and accelerate the development of farmer cooperatives, and effectively improve leadership and market competitiveness. Encourage farmers to establish diversified and multi-type cooperatives such as professional cooperation and joint-stock cooperation. Implement a mechanism for joint departmental assessment of model cooperatives, establish a directory of model cooperatives at different levels, and regard model cooperatives as the focus of policy support. Arrange for some financial investment projects to be directly invested in qualified cooperatives, guide the assets formed by state subsidy projects to be transferred to cooperatives for management and protection, and guide cooperatives to establish and improve project asset management and protection mechanisms. Increase farmers’ cooperative development funds and support cooperatives in improving production and operating conditions and enhancing development capabilities. Gradually expand the scale of agricultural projects undertaken by cooperatives such as rural land consolidation, comprehensive agricultural development, farmland water conservancy construction, and agricultural technology promotion. Subsidies will be provided to model cooperatives for building fresh agricultural product storage and logistics facilities and establishing agricultural product processing industries. Carry out joint credit granting to model cooperatives on the basis of credit assessment, provide loan interest discounts where conditions permit, and standardize credit cooperation among cooperatives. Improve preferential tax policies for cooperatives, include cooperatives in national economic statistics and tax registration as separate taxpayers, and do a good job in collecting cooperative invoices. Innovate insurance products and services that suit the production and operation characteristics of cooperatives. Establish a talent pool and training base for cooperative leaders, conduct extensive training for cooperative leaders, management personnel, and counselors, and guide college graduates to work in cooperatives. Implement the facility agricultural land policy, and the land used for cooperative production facilities and ancillary facilities will be managed as agricultural land. Guide farmer cooperatives to carry out cooperation and alliances based on products and industries, and actively explore cooperative registration and management methods. We will promptly study and revise the Law on Farmers' Professional Cooperatives.

4． Cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises. Support leading enterprises to form large enterprise groups through mergers, reorganizations, acquisitions, holdings, etc. Create an agricultural industrialization demonstration base and promote the development of leading enterprise clusters. Promote the establishment of a close interest linkage mechanism between leading enterprises and farmers, and adopt guaranteed acquisitions, share dividends, profit returns, etc., so that farmers can share more in processing and sales profits. Encourage and guide urban industrial and commercial capital to develop farming and breeding industries suitable for enterprise management in rural areas. Increase funds to support agricultural industrialization and support leading enterprises in building raw material bases, saving energy and reducing emissions, and cultivating brands. Gradually expand the scope of pilot industries for the verification and deduction of input tax on agricultural product processing. Appropriately expand the pilot scope of subsidy projects for primary processing of agricultural products in origin. (I can’t write the rest)