English name: Steve Paul Jobs
One of the founders of Apple computer, he was awarded the national technical medal by President Reagan in 1985; In 1997, he became the cover of Time Magazine. In the same year, he was rated as the most successful manager and a famous "computer madman".
enterprise type: computer industry.
Growth record:
He is an American-style hero. He has experienced ups and downs, but he still stands. As Hemingway said in The Old Man and the Sea, a man can be destroyed, but he cannot be defeated. He and Steve Watts created "Apple", which set off a wave of personal computers and changed an era. However, it was banned at the peak and fell from a high building to the bottom. But 12 years later, he made a comeback and started the second "Steve Jobs" era.
Company Experience
In January 1977, Apple was formally incorporated.
on December 12, 198, the stock was listed on wall street.
In 1983, Jobs focused on the new personal computer.
In 1984, the first Mac came to the market
In 1985, Sculley swept the floor and founded NeXT
In 1986, Jobs bought Pixar
In 1989, NeXT failed
In 1993, Jobs shut down the hardware of Next;
Toy Story became famous in 1995.
In 1996, Apple acquired NeXT Jobs as a consultant
In 1997, Jobs became the CEO of Apple again
In 1998, the iMac became the best-selling personal computer in the United States
In 1999, Apple introduced iBook, G4 and iMac DV
In 2, Apple suffered quarterly losses again, and its share price plummeted
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[ Edit this paragraph] Apple was born
On February 24th, 1955, Steve Jobs was born in San Francisco, USA. Just after he was born, he was mercilessly abandoned by the father of a university professor and the mother of a decadent artist. Fortunately, a kind couple took in the poor bastard.
Although he is an adopted son, his adoptive parents are kind to him, just like parents and children. When he was a student, Jobs was smart, naughty and unscrupulous, and he often liked to make some ridiculous pranks. However, his academic performance is outstanding.
At that time, Jobs lived near the famous "Silicon Valley", and his neighbors were all employees of Hewlett-Packard Company, a veteran of the "Silicon Valley". Under the influence of these people, Jobs was obsessed with electronics since childhood. An HP engineer saw him so obsessed that he recommended him to join HP's "Discoverer Club". This is a party specially held for young engineers, which is held in the company's restaurant every Tuesday night. It was at a party that Jobs first saw the computer, and he began to have a hazy understanding of the computer.
When he was in junior high school, Jobs met Woz, who was five years older than him, at a class reunion. Woz is the president of the school electronic club, and he is also very interested in electronics. The two hit it off at once, and eight years later they founded Apple Computer Company.
At the age of 19, Jobs, a freshman in college, had a whim and dropped out of school to become an employee of Atari TV Game Company. Not long after, young and restless, he became interested in Buddhism again, even gave up his job, and went across the ocean to India to follow exorcist's practice. The result can be imagined. Not only did you not learn to become a Buddha, but you also suffered a lot on the way. He had to return to atari to become an engineer.
After settling down, Jobs continued his interest when he was young, and often worked with Woz on computers in his garage. They dreamed of owning a computer of their own, but at that time, all the products sold in the market were commercial, bulky and extremely expensive, so they planned to develop them themselves. It is necessary to make a personal computer with a microprocessor, but the retail price of the 88 chip at that time was $27, and it was not sold to people of unregistered companies. Undaunted, the two men kept looking, and finally bought a 652 chip produced by Motorola at the Wisconsin Computer Products Fair in San Francisco in 1976. Its function was almost the same as that of Intel's 88, but the price was only $2.
With the 652 chip, two ecstatic young people returned to Jobs' garage and started their great innovation. They designed a circuit board, installed the 652 microprocessor, interface and other components on it, and connected the microprocessor with the keyboard and video display through the interface. In just a few weeks, the computer was installed. Jobs's friends were shocked, but they didn't realize that this ugly thing was the world's first personal computer, which would bring much influence to the future world. But the shrewd Jobs immediately estimated the market value of this homemade computer. In order to raise funds for mass production, he sold his Volkswagen car and persuaded Woz to sell his precious HP 65 calculator. In this way, they had $1,3 to lay the foundation for their great cause.
On April Fool's Day in 1976, Jobs, Woz and Jobs' friend Long Wayne did something that influenced future generations: they signed a contract and decided to set up a computer company. The name of the company was decided by Jobs, who preferred Apple-called Apple. Later, it was the famous trademark-an apple that was bitten by someone. And their home-made computer is naturally regarded as "Apple I" computer. Apple I
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sadly, but at the beginning, the business of Apple was very slow. After all, it was a brand-new thing. Except those who were interested in electronics, who knew what use it would be, and friends who were originally interested in Apple I now began to wait and see, waiting for the better Apple II to be released.
An accidental opportunity brought a turning point to Apple. One day in July 1976, the retailer Paul Trail came to Jobs' garage. After watching Jobs skillfully demonstrate computers, he thought that the "Apple" machine had great prospects and decided to take a risk-ordering 5 complete machines, but demanding delivery within one month. Jobs was overjoyed, and immediately signed a contract and made a deal. This was the first "big business" he made.
The time was too short and the task was heavy. Jobs and Woz braved the heat and worked day and night. They threw caution to the wind for the survival of the company. They spend almost every day sweating and fighting hard, working 66 hours a week. Finally, on the 29th day, they miraculously completed the task and handed over all 5 "Apple" computers to the businessman Terrell.
5 complete machines were sold out quickly in Terrell's hands, and with a good start, "Apple" became famous. Small batch production started. Jobs and Woz began to realize that their small capital was simply not enough to cope with this rapid development. Jobs later recalled: "About the autumn of 1976, I found that the market grew faster than we thought, and we needed more money." To this end, they went to find financial support separately, including Hewlett-Packard, the company where Woz worked, but unfortunately, these companies didn't realize the business opportunities and markets contained in it.
opportunities often favor hard-working people. In October 1976, millionaire Markkula came to visit Woz and their garage workshop. Markkula is a well-trained electrical engineer, and he is very good at sales promotion, so he is called a sales wizard. Because he made a fortune in the stock business, he chose to retire early. But seeing the new products of these two young people, Markkula is determined to return to his old job and help them set up the company with great fanfare. He took the initiative to help them make a business plan and gave them a loan of $69,, linking his fate with two young people. With the guidance of an expert like Markkula and this huge sum of money, the development speed of "Apple" company has been greatly accelerated.
apple ii in April 1977, the first computer exhibition in American history opened on the west coast. In order to make a name for himself at the exhibition, Jobs ran around and spent a lot of money to get the biggest and best booth at the exhibition. Of course, the Apple II prototype is more striking. It has changed the image of personal computers that are heavy, clumsy, complicated in design and difficult to operate in the past, and has captured the hearts of the audience with its distinctive features such as compactness, portability, simple operation and being able to be placed at home. It weighs only 12 pounds and is assembled with only 1 screws. The plastic shell is elegant and looks like a beautiful typewriter. People can't believe that this small machine can continuously display spectacular kaleidoscope-like colors on the big screen. The "Apple II" machine was a blockbuster at the exhibition, and thousands of users flocked to the booth to watch and try it out, and orders came one after another.
In 198, a full-page advertisement in The Wall Street Journal read "Apple Computer is the Bicycle of the 21st Century" and carried a huge photo of Jobs. On December 12, 198, Apple's shares went public. In less than an hour, all 4.6 million shares were snapped up and closed at $29 per share that day. According to this closing price, Apple's top management has produced four billionaires and more than 4 millionaires. Jobs, as the founder of the company, of course ranked first.
1983: Lisa database and Apple Iie were released, and the prices were $9,998 and $1,395 respectively. Apple became the fastest growing company in history. However, the release of Lisa indicates the decline of Apple. There is not much market for a computer that is unrealistic and even expensive for Americans, and Lisa has embezzled a lot of research and development funds from Apple. It can be said that the rise of Apple is the beginning of its decline.
Because of his great success, Jobs was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Reagan in 1985. However, success came too fast, and there was a strong crisis behind too many honors. Because Jobs' business philosophy was different from that of most managers at that time, and the blue giant IBM also began to wake up and launched a personal computer to seize a large market, which made Jobs' newly developed computer fail one after another. The general manager and directors blamed the failure on Chairman Jobs, and in April 1985, the board of directors decided to revoke his business power. After several unsuccessful attempts to regain power, Jobs resigned as chairman of Apple in anger on September 17, 1985.
Steve's departure made him more aware of his mistakes, absorbed lessons, and prepared for returning to Apple and saving it in the future. A few days after his resignation, Jobs founded "Next" computer company and continued his career journey.
During this period, Apple's failure is doomed. Neither Steve nor Sculley, the former CEO of PepsiCo, can stop Apple's decline. They all insist on Apple's closeness and the bundled sales of software and hardware, which makes its computers unable to go to the road of popularization, thus driving away its capable partners. The huge demand for computers cannot be met by only one company, and an industry standard cannot be established by only one company. If Apple will
In fact, what is even more frightening is that Apple ignored its partners. Bill Gates actually just wanted to be Apple's younger brother and concentrate on developing Office. However, because Apple ignored its partners and did not give them technical support for compatibility before the new system was developed and listed, Microsoft could not bear to try to develop its own system.
[ Edit this paragraph] Reorganizing Rivers and Mountains
On December 17, 1996, almost all major computer newspapers and periodicals in the world published the news of "Apple buys Next, Jobs returns to Apple" on the front page. At this time, Jobs became famous because his company (now Pixar) successfully produced the first computer animated film Toy Story, and his personal worth has soared by more than 1 billion dollars. In contrast, Apple is on the verge of despair. Toy Story poster
Steve Jobs returned from Apple's crisis, and the whole company was very happy. Even former CEO Ameglio said in his welcome speech to Jobs: "We welcome our greatest genius back with the most solemn ceremony, and we believe that he will convince the world that Apple Computer is an eternal innovator in the information industry." Jobs returned to his hometown, with the dream of "great cause" in his heart. He said to the followers of Apple Computer: "I have always been passionate about Apple, and I feel great honor to design a blueprint for Apple's future again." This former hero has finally returned under the popular expectation!
At the time of crisis, Jobs boldly exerted the authority of the CEO and made drastic reforms. He first reshuffled the board of directors, and then made a jaw-dropping event-abandoning old grievances, shaking hands with Apple's arch-enemy, Microsoft, and concluding the world-famous "Alliance of the Century" and reaching a strategic comprehensive cross-licensing agreement. Jobs therefore once again became the cover of Time magazine.
then, he began to introduce a new computer. In 1998, iMac was presented to the world with the hope of Apple, the sweat of its employees and Jobs' dream of revitalizing Apple. It is a brand-new computer, representing a future concept. The translucent exterior, the drab monotony of the computer, like the product of the space age, plus the glowing mouse and the price tag of $1,299, are pleasing to the eye ... It's really Apple's design, unique and extraordinary. For publicity, Jobs turned Descartes' famous saying "I think therefore I am" into an advertising copy of iMac, Think There for iMac! This has become a classic case of advertising.
The new product rekindled the hope of Mac fans. What they had been waiting for for for three years appeared, and iMac became the hottest topic of the year. In December 1998, iMac was awarded the title of "Best Computer in 1998" by Time magazine, and ranked third in "Top Ten Industrial Designs in the World in 1998".
iMac II
Then, in 1999, Jobs introduced the second generation iMac, which was available in five fruit colors: red, yellow, blue, green and purple, and was warmly welcomed by users as soon as it came to the market. In July 1999, iBook, a notebook computer with a blue and yellow appearance and a beautiful toy, was quickly sought after by users in the market. IBook combines the unique fashion style of iMac, the latest wireless network function and Apple.