Dangshan crisp pear
Variety source: It is native to Dangshan, Anhui Province, and is an ancient and excellent local variety. There are four varieties of this variety, namely white skin crisp, green skin crisp, golden cover crisp and soft crisp. White cakes are of the best quality.
Variety characteristics: the fruit is nearly cylindrical, the top is slightly wider, the average single fruit weight is 250 grams, and the largest fruit can reach more than 1000 grams; Pericarp green and yellow, yellow after storage; Fruit points are small and dense; Small core, white flesh, medium thickness, crisp, juicy, sweet, with stone cells; Soluble solids 1 1% ~ 14%, soluble sugar 7.35%, titratable acid 0. 10%, vitamin C 2.2 1 mg/ 100g. The tree is strong, with a germination rate of 82%. Usually two long branches grow under the incision. Fruiting began 3 ~ 4 years after colonization. Short fruit branches bear fruit mainly, and axillary buds have strong fruit bearing ability. Short fruit branches account for 65%, axillary flower buds account for 20%, middle fruit branches account for 7% and long fruit branches account for 8%, which has good high yield and stable yield. Wide adaptability, loose requirements for soil climatic conditions, barren resistance, moderate cold resistance and disease resistance. It ripens in late September in Xingcheng, Liaoning, with fruit development 135 days and vegetative growth for 207 days.
Suitable planting range: Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Longdong, Gansu, South Xinjiang and Kunming, Yunnan.
Cultivation points: (1) The pollinated varieties are Jinfengli, Yali, Chili, Pear and Pear. (2) Pay attention to the management of soil, fertilizer and water. (3) Pay attention to the prevention and control of scab, bedbug and fruit rust.
The green food Dangshan crisp pear is famous at home and abroad for its large fruit and small core, beautiful Huang Liang appearance, thin and juicy skin, crisp and sweet. Its pear fruit is rich in nutrition, containing many essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals, and the average sugar content is about 13%. Regular consumption is very beneficial to consumers' physical and mental health.
Dangshan crisp pear is suitable for both raw and cooked, and is suitable for all ages. "Raw food can clear the heat of six fu organs and cooked food can nourish the yin of five internal organs", which has high medicinal value and has been favored by people from all walks of life for hundreds of years. Volume 30 of Compendium of Materia Medica has detailed records. It has been clinically proved that Dangshan crisp pear has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, clearing away heat and relieving summer-heat, eliminating phlegm and moistening lung, relieving cough and asthma, nourishing yin and reducing fire, cooling heart and detoxifying, and it has been called "manna in fruit and sage in medicine" by Chinese medicine in past dynasties. Wanli in Ming Dynasty and Qianlong in Qing Dynasty were listed as tributes. After liberation, the party and state leaders Mao Zedong, Hu Yaobang and other comrades also spoke highly of it. Up to now, it is famous all over the world. Dangshan crisp pear was rated as a national famous and excellent fruit at the 1985 national high-quality famous and special product appraisal meeting. 1992 won the highest prize in the National Green Food Expo; 1993 won the "Dragon Horse Gold Award" at Thailand International Expo; 1995 and 1997 successively won the gold medal of the National Agricultural Fair. China Green Food Development Center recognizes and issues green food signs. Products are exported to the United States, Australia, Southeast Asia and China.
Dangshan is an ancient historical city. Dangshan crisp pear also has a cultivation history of 2500 years. "Pear production in Dangshan" has been recorded in Xuzhou County Records revised by Wanli in Ming Dynasty. It can be seen that Dangshan crisp pear has formed a scale 400 years ago. But large-scale development was still after liberation. Especially since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Dangshan Party Committee and government have made a big fuss about crisp pear production, and the fruit area has soared to 750,000 mu today, accounting for 77% of the county's cultivated land area. Among them, crisp pear covers an area of 500 thousand mu, ranking first in the world in contiguous area. The annual output of crisp pear is about 400,000 tons, and the storage capacity of fresh fruit is 6.5438+0.5 million tons.
Dangshan county is named after Mangshan and Dangshan, but it is famous for its rich pears. The Yellow River area, once a barren land, has now become a world-famous fruit sea oasis, and 1994 has been named "Pear Capital". With flowers in spring and fruitful autumn, 860,000 people in Dangshan warmly welcome guests and friends at home and abroad to visit, inspect, trade and invest in "Pear Capital", and Dangshan crisp pears make your life sweeter.
Registration of geographical indications in China
Trademark name: Dangshan crisp pear; Registration telephone number:1163951; Product category: pear; Registered person: Anhui Dangshan Suli Association; Geographical scope: Dangshan County, Anhui Province extends 30 kilometers north and south along the banks of the Old Yellow River, starting from Guanzhuangba Town in the west and reaching Tangzhai Town in the east, and is distributed in state-owned orchards and gardens in these areas.
Er Hebei yali pear
During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhending paid tribute to the imperial court, which was called "Zhending Imperial Pear". It used to leave Japan in Tianjin and was called "Tianjin Yali". Now export from this province. It is called "Hebei Yali pear". Zhaoxian, Jinxian, Gaocheng and xinji city have the largest planting area and the highest output, and the total output of the four counties (cities) accounts for more than 80% of the whole region.
1985 The area of Yali pear in the whole region was 127320 mu, and the yield was 235 168000 kg. Yali pear has a long history of cultivation, so it is named after its stems like duck heads. The average fruit weight of Yali pear is about 170g. The fruit is golden and bright in color, fresh and juicy in texture, sweet and sour. The content of soluble solids is about 65438 02%, and the highest is 65438 06.3%. Rich in vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients, it has the effects of clearing away lung-heat, resolving phlegm, moistening dryness and relaxing bowels, and has the auxiliary treatment effect on cough, asthma, hypertension and other diseases. It is a good fruit. It enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad and is known as one of the "three fruit tyrants". Best-selling Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other places, and exported to Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, the United States, Malaysia, the Soviet Union, Canada and more than a dozen countries and regions in the Middle East, with an annual export volume of more than 20 million kilograms.
Sanliang foreign pear, also known as foreign pear.
According to legend, Zhang Fengqing, a native of the Qing Dynasty, worked as an inspector in Chiping County. He tasted a delicious pear with thin skin and fine meat, and brought back pear buds to graft with local Du pear. However, according to new research, pears were never planted in chiping. Experts found the "five sisters" of Gigi Lai pear in Shandong, namely, Qingdao Lien pear, Zhucheng rock sugar pear, tengxian Chazi pear, Cao Xian crooked thick pear and Pingyuan Jinxiang pear. They all have some properties of Laiyang pear, and they are similar in blood, but they are not as good as Laiyang pear and Laiyang pear living alone in various pears.
Laiyang pear is the best among pears because of its natural environment. "oranges are born in Huainan and oranges are born in Huaibei." Laiyang pear is mainly produced in Wulong River basin, which is a rich land. So Laiyang has five big ones? Namely Qingshui River, Moshui River, Fushui River, Xianhe River and Bailong River. These five rivers meet at the mouth of Wulong River in Zhaowangzhuang. According to legend, in ancient times, it merged into a huge river, and now it has silted up into a large oil sand. This fine sand soil contains a lot of humus and mica, which is loose, permeable and reflective to light. Therefore, the pear trees cultivated here can fully carry out photosynthesis, and because of the rapid temperature rise, rapid heat dissipation and large temperature difference between day and night, pear trees get sugar in photosynthesis during the day and are not easy to consume at night, which accelerates the accumulation of sugar in pear fruits. Therefore, the sugar content of Laiyang pear is particularly high, reaching about 14%. The sugar content of pears is 2% to 3% higher than that of ordinary pears.
Laiyang pear skin is yellow-green, rough with black spots, thick head and thin tail, which is unsightly on the surface. However, after peeling, it holds a thick and hard fruit stalk, just like a milky snow cake. Its meat is tender, sweet, crisp, delicious and unique in flavor. It is listed as a royal tribute in history and has a long reputation in the north and south. According to the county records: "When it is mature, it is sold and collected in Qingdao, Yantai, Jinan, Yuan, Liaoning, Shenyang, Shanghai and Guangdong, and it is called' Lai Pear'. With the development of transportation, Laiyang pears are exported at home and abroad.
Laiyang pear is a sweet and fresh fruit, but it is not easy to preserve for a long time. Laiyang pear can be stored for more than 200 days by cold air storage. Laiyang pear is made into pear juice, canned pear, crisp pear and dried pear, which can prolong life if eaten all the year round. Laiyang pear also has the functions of clearing away lung heat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. The cough syrup made of Laiyang pear cake and Laiyang pear is a good medicine for treating bronchitis and cold and cough.
Laiyang pears have been planted in Laiyang for more than 400 years, mainly distributed on the banks of Qingshui River and the river beaches on the east bank of Xianhe River, especially in Hongtu Cliff, Qianhoufafang, Luergang, Xiaogezhuang, Zhaowangzhuang, and Daxiaotaozhang. Among them, there is an old pear king in Luer Port who is over 400 years old and still bears fruit every year. Whenever ten thousand mu recovers, pear blossoms are in full bloom, like a piece of white snow, which shines brightly and beautifully on mountains, countryside and cottages. In the Qing Dynasty, the local poet Zhao Feisheng once wrote a famous sentence here, "Thousands of trees, pears, thousands of trees, snow, one stream, six streams and one stream of smoke". In autumn, there is another scenery in the pear garden: the pear branches in the snake tray are fruitful and fragrant.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the cultivation area of Laiyang pear was only over 2,000 mu. The highest annual output is only 200,000 Jin. Now the pear orchard has expanded to more than 25,000 mu, with an average annual output of more than 50 million Jin.
Now it has been listed as a geographical indication brand in Shandong.
Registration of geographical indications in China
Trademark name of geographical indication: Laiyang pear; Registration telephone number:1219975; Product name: pear; Registered person: Laiyang Fruit Tree Technical Guidance Station; Geographical scope: Laiyang City, Shandong Province, specifically in the Wulong River Basin of Laiyang City.
Sikele pear
History: According to Ge Hong's Miscellanies of Xijing in the Jin Dynasty, "Pears in the vast sea, out of the vast sea, are hardy and not withered". This "pear" refers to Korla fragrant pear and fragrant pear cultivated in Korla area, which has a history of more than 2000 years.
Allusion: According to legend, there was a girl named Eliman in ancient times. In order to let the villagers eat pears, she climbed 99 mountains to the east, visited 99 places, rode 99 donkeys, introduced 99 pear trees and planted them locally. Only one pear tree was successfully grafted with the local wild pear tree. The pears on the pear tree are ripe, full of fragrance and floating in the wind. The villagers happily called it "Simiti", which means fragrant pear.
Features: Korla City is located in the north of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain and the northern edge of Tarim Basin, which is a fertile oasis. The fragrant pears produced here are the most famous, and they are called "Pear Town". Korla fragrant pear, called "Simiti" in Uygur language, is famous at home and abroad for its thin skin, crispy meat, juicy, sweet, crispy, refreshing, storable and nutritious. Indians call him "Prince China", which shows that he is precious.
Ingredients: According to scientific analysis, Korla fragrant pear has high nutritional value, with sugar content 10%, acid content 0.03% and ash content 0. 12%. Every100g of fragrant pear contains about 4.3 mg of vitamin C, and the edible part reaches 83.6%.
Award-winning situation: 1985, Korla fragrant pear was rated as a high-quality fruit in China.
Korla Fragrant Pear was registered as a geographical indication by Fragrant Pear Association of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang with the registration number of 8920 19. The product category is fragrant pear. The geographical scope is in the south of Bayinguoleng, Xinjiang and the southeast of Aksu. The specific scope is in the Peacock River Basin and Tarim River Basin, the northern edge of Taklimakan Desert, and the areas where cold and hot air violently impacts: Korla, Yuli, Luntai, Kuqa, Xinhe and Shaya.