1. What are the historical records of the invention of the refrigerator?
As early as thousands of years ago, people knew how to use natural ice to preserve food, but this was also a luxury. Because there was no refrigeration equipment at that time, and it was difficult to find natural ice in tropical areas or in hot summers.
In the 18th century, Australia's livestock industry developed rapidly and there was a surplus of mutton. Local ranchers wanted to sell mutton to Europe, and they used natural ice to freeze it. Once, they loaded 20 tons of mutton on the ship and filled it with a large amount of natural ice.
However, when it arrived in the UK, 20 tons of mutton had melted, rotted and deteriorated. It turned out that when the ship passed the equator, the ice in the cabin melted due to the high temperature.
This incident made people realize that relying on natural ice to freeze food is unreliable. As a result, some scientists have invested in research on new freezing methods.
An American working in England, Jacoby Perkins, made a discovery that led to the invention of the refrigerator. In 1834, he discovered that certain liquids had a cooling effect when they evaporated, and asked a group of mechanics to build a model that could prove the idea.
Sure enough, the device actually produced some ice one night. The technicians excitedly took the ice and showed Perkins the results.
Because Perkins was old at the time, he did not show his invention to the public. The person who turned this invention into commercial sales was John Harrison, a Scottish printer living in Australia.
Harrison likely discovered the cooling effect without knowing Perkins' results. One day, he was cleaning metal printing type with ether and noticed the cooling effect of the substance.
In 1862, his first refrigerators went on the market. Harrison also set up the first refrigeration workshop in Bendigo, Victoria.
The British physicist Faraday had already discovered the principle of artificial refrigeration in experiments, but he did not think of how to use it at the time. This refrigeration principle provided research basis for later scientists.
Chemist Linde first noticed Faraday's discovery. Through a large number of experiments, he proposed the idea of ??making a refrigerator and made a refrigerator using ammonia for refrigeration. In 1876, the chemist Thiel used the freezer manufactured by Linde to build a refrigeration ship, which was equipped with an ammonia vapor compression refrigerator.
However, the cooling coil leaked during the voyage, causing the system to fail. When the ship sailed to London, all the mutton on board had gone bad.
Since then, researchers have continued to improve, and it was not until 1880 that the world's first refrigerated ship safely transported Australian mutton to London. In 1879, German engineer Carl von Linde built the first household refrigerator.
In the 1920s, before electric refrigerators were invented and not yet popular in households, some people began to study small household refrigerators. In 1923, Swedish engineers Brydon and Mendes invented a refrigerator that used an electric motor to drive a compressor.
The compressor of this refrigerator is separated from the food freezer. The compressor is placed on the ground and connected to the freezer by pipes. Because the refrigerant in this type of refrigerator has a strong smell, which affects people's health, and is too large, it has not been commercially produced.
In 1910, the world's first compression refrigeration household refrigerator was launched in the United States. In 1925, the Swedish Lido Company developed a household absorption refrigerator.
In 1927, General Electric Company of the United States developed a fully enclosed refrigerator. In 1930, air-cooled continuous diffusion absorption refrigerators using different heating methods were put on the market.
In 1930, American engineer Midley selected a group of fluorochlorides as research objects based on the periodic law of chemical elements, and successfully discovered the ideal and efficient refrigerant-Freon. This refrigerant has low toxicity, is not easy to burn, and is highly volatile. It is a good refrigerant material.
Later, it was discovered that Freon destroyed the ozone layer, and research began on fluorine-free, environmentally friendly refrigerators that use electromagnetic vibration machines as power to drive the compressor and refrigerators that use solar energy as cold energy.
2. History of refrigerator development
Frekidale refrigerator: cold, clean, large capacity.
Before the 20th century, it was unimaginable to use refrigerators to preserve food. In the 20th century, it was unimaginable to live without refrigerators. Before the advent of refrigerators, we had been thinking that food would become stale after being stored for a long time. Even corrupt and troubled. The invention of the method of storing food in a low-temperature environment has a great relationship with the slaughter industry.
At the end of the 19th century, European slaughterhouses had to transport live livestock to other places by train before they could be slaughtered. They could not bear the long-term problem of the railway sector taking most of the profits from them, so they finally invented a low-temperature slaughterhouse. Transport trucks can be used to transport meat to other places without spoiling or even spoiling in a short period of time. In this way, it becomes possible to slaughter livestock anytime and anywhere.
The real refrigerator was invented in the 1920s. In 1920, a man named Willis H. worked at a lithography factory in Brooklyn, New York. Engineers at Carrier designed a system to control temperature and humidity.
Fur-storing cellar owners and milk company managers further improved mechanical refrigerator technology as needed. Around the time of World War I, some smaller domestic refrigerators appeared, a noisy, leaky new invention that was essentially just an old "ice box" shell with a motor and rotating belt inside. , which makes its appearance look like a test subject.
In 1923, when Frekidale was still a branch of General Motors, it introduced a new mechanical refrigerator component and assembled it into a refrigerator. The Frekidale refrigerator was designed to house the "ice box" for storing perishable food and the refrigeration machinery into a purpose-built cabinet.
This device is quiet, convenient, and compact. At this point, a new style of refrigerator was born along with trademark names that could be seen everywhere.
Since then, as the production volume has increased dramatically, the price of refrigerators has plummeted. By 1944, about 85% of American households had mechanical refrigerators.
"Ice box" has survived only as a word. Without a refrigerator, not only would a housewife be much more tired, but many of the enjoyments of life, including drinking whiskey with ice, would be greatly reduced.
Before the 20th century, it was unimaginable to use refrigerators to preserve food. In the 20th century, life without refrigerators was unimaginable. . 3. The development history of refrigerators
Refrigerators make fresh food readily available Frekidale refrigerator: cold, clean, large capacity.
Before the 20th century, it was unimaginable to use refrigerators to preserve food. In the 20th century, it was unimaginable to live without refrigerators. Before the advent of refrigerators, we had been thinking that food would become stale after being stored for a long time. Even corrupt and troubled. The invention of the method of storing food in a low-temperature environment has a great relationship with the slaughter industry.
At the end of the 19th century, European slaughterhouses had to transport live livestock to other places by train before they could be slaughtered. They could not bear the long-term problem of the railways taking most of the profits from them, so they finally invented a low-temperature slaughterhouse. Transport trucks can be used to transport meat to other places without spoiling or even spoiling in a short period of time. In this way, it becomes possible to slaughter livestock anytime and anywhere.
The real refrigerator was invented in the 1920s. In 1920, an engineer named Willis H. Carrier at a lithography factory in Brooklyn, New York, designed a refrigerator that could control the temperature. and humidity systems. Cellar owners and milk company managers who stored furs further improved mechanical refrigerator technology as needed.
Around the time of World War I, smaller domestic refrigerators appeared, a noisy, leaky new invention that was really just an old "ice box" shell. A motor and a rotating belt are installed inside, making it look like an experimental product. In 1923, when Frekidale was still a branch of General Motors, it introduced a new mechanical refrigerator component and assembled it into a refrigerator.
The Frekidale refrigerator is designed to house the "ice box" for storing perishable food and the refrigeration machinery into a special cabinet. This device is quiet, convenient, and compact.
At this point, a new style of refrigerator was born along with the trademark name that can be seen everywhere. Since then, as the production volume has increased dramatically, the price of refrigerators has plummeted.
By 1944, about 85% of American households had mechanical refrigerators. "Icebox" survives only as a word.
Without a refrigerator, not only would housewives be much more tired, but many of the enjoyments of life, including drinking whiskey with ice, would be greatly reduced. Before the 20th century, it was unimaginable to use refrigerators to preserve food. In the 20th century, life without refrigerators was unimaginable.
The invention of the refrigerator Jacobi, an American working in England? Perkins made a discovery that led to the invention of the refrigerator. In 1834 he discovered that when certain liquids evaporate, there is a cooling effect.
Perkins asked a group of mechanics to create a working model that would prove the idea. Sure enough, the device actually produced some ice one night.
The technicians excitedly jumped into a carriage with ice in hand and drove quickly to Perkins' house to show him what they had achieved. Perkins was now elderly, and although he did not market his invention, Harrison's work paved the way for early-style home refrigerators.
The life of a man who sells inventions is a Scottish printer in Australia—John? Harrison. It is possible that Harrison discovered the cooling effect without knowing Perkins' results.
He used ether to clean metal printing type, and one day noticed the cooling effect of the substance. By 1862, his first refrigerators were on the market.
Harrison also set up the first refrigeration workshop at a brewery in Bendigo, Victoria. At the end of the 19th century, only wealthy people who built icehouses could enjoy this benefit.
What most people want is just a refrigerator. At that time, one of the most important uses for refrigerators was on ships.
Large cold storage means ships can carry fresh meat on long voyages, such as lamb from New Zealand to Europe. German engineer Karl? Feng? Linde built the first household refrigerator in 1879.
But before the invention of the electric refrigerator in the 1920s, refrigerators did not enter households on a large scale. Refrigerators are one of the earliest refrigeration appliances to be domestically produced in China. Starting in the early 1980s, after nearly 20 years of development, Chinese refrigerators have accounted for 16% of the world's total output and ranked first in the world.
Since the domestic market has entered a mature stage, the basic characteristic of market operation is that it is relatively stable and there will be no ups and downs in demand. Refrigerator consumption is mainly concentrated in cities and towns. Due to restrictions on income levels, living habits, etc., the number of refrigerators owned in rural areas is much lower than that in urban areas.
Origin: The first household refrigerator came from Germany. The refrigerator is one of the electrical appliances that is absolutely indispensable in the lives of our people. In the early years, when there was no refrigerator, many people would prepare a large wooden cabinet. Ice cubes could be stored under the cabinet, and various foods that needed to be refrigerated could be stored on the middle shelf.
But even so, not every household has the conditions to enjoy it. But when it comes to the invention of the first refrigerator, it goes back to the 19th century.
An Englishman, Jacoby Perkins, discovered in 1834 that a cooling effect occurs when liquid evaporates, so he recruited a group of workers to build a simple working model. On the day the model was officially put into operation, some ice cubes were indeed produced.
Later, a Scottish printer named Harrison noticed the cooling effect of liquid while cleaning metal printing type, and set up a refrigeration workshop in a brewery in Victoria. The first home refrigerator was created by German engineer Carl von Linde.
Unfortunately, electricity had not yet been widely used at that time, so the scale of refrigerators entering households was still limited. It was not until the mid-1920s that inventors introduced electric equipment into household refrigerators, and the household refrigerator was finally born. 4. The development history of refrigerators
Before the 20th century, it was unimaginable to use refrigerators to preserve food, and it was unimaginable to live without refrigerators in the 20th century
Before the appearance of refrigerators, we I have always been worried that food will become no longer fresh or even spoil after being stored for a long time.
The real refrigerator was invented in the 1920s. In 1920, an engineer named Willis H. Carrier at a lithography factory in Brooklyn, New York, designed a system that could control temperature and humidity. Cellar owners and milk company managers who stored furs further improved mechanical refrigerator technology as needed. Around the time of World War I, some smaller domestic refrigerators appeared, a noisy, leaky new invention that was essentially just an old "ice box" shell with a motor and rotating belt inside. , which makes its appearance look like a test subject.
In 1923, when Frekidale was still a branch of General Motors, it introduced a new mechanical refrigerator component and assembled it into a refrigerator. The Frekidale refrigerator was designed to house the "ice box" for storing perishable food and the refrigeration machinery into a purpose-built cabinet. This device is quiet, convenient, and compact. At this point, a new style of refrigerator was born along with trademark names that could be seen everywhere.
Since then, as the production volume has increased dramatically, the price of refrigerators has plummeted. By 1944, about 85% of American households had mechanical refrigerators. "Icebox" survives only as a word.
Without a refrigerator, not only would housewives be much more tired, but many of the enjoyments of life, including drinking whiskey with ice, would be greatly reduced. Before the 20th century, it was unimaginable to use refrigerators to preserve food. In the 20th century, life without refrigerators was unimaginable.
Principle of refrigerator
Refrigerator uses evaporation to cool or gasification to absorb heat to achieve the purpose of cooling. The pipes of the refrigerator contain a refrigerant commercially known as Freon, commonly known as refrigerant. The commonly used one is difluorodichloromethane (CCL2F2), which is a colorless, odorless and non-toxic gas with a boiling point of 29°C. When Freon is in the gas state, it is pressurized by the compressor.
After being pressurized, it flows through the pipe to the condenser on the back of the refrigerator. It uses the heat sink to dissipate heat (when the material is compressed, the temperature will rise), and then condenses into a liquid. After the liquid Freon enters the evaporator valve, it immediately turns into steam due to breaking away from the pressure of the compressor. At the same time, it absorbs the latent heat of vaporization from the air and food in the refrigerator, causing the interior of the refrigerator to cool. The vaporized Freon is forced back to the condenser outside the box by the compressor to dissipate heat, and then becomes a liquid. This cycle continues, pumping the heat energy in the refrigerator to the outside of the box.
Reference: /zz/more.asp?name=yanruirui1&id=662 5. The development history of the refrigerator
The invention of the refrigerator Jacobi, an American working in England? Perkins made a discovery that led to the invention of the refrigerator.
In 1834 he discovered that when certain liquids evaporate, there is a cooling effect. Perkins asked a team of mechanics to create a working model that would prove the idea.
Sure enough, the device actually produced some ice one night. The technicians excitedly jumped into a carriage with ice in hand and sped to Perkins' house to show him what they had achieved.
Perkins was now elderly, and although he did not sell his invention on the market, Harrison's work paved the way for early-style home refrigerators. The life of a man who sells inventions is a Scottish printer in Australia - John? Harrison.
Harrison likely discovered the cooling effect without knowing Perkins' results. He used ether to clean metal printing type and one day noticed the cooling effect of the substance.
By 1862, his first refrigerators were on the market. Harrison also set up the first refrigeration workshop at a brewery in Bendigo, Victoria.
At the end of the 19th century, only wealthy people who built icehouses could enjoy this benefit. What most people want is just a refrigerator.
At that time, one of the most important uses of refrigerators was on ships. Large cold storage means ships can carry fresh meat on long voyages, such as lamb from New Zealand to Europe.
German engineer Karl? Feng? Linde built the first household refrigerator in 1879. But before the invention of the electric refrigerator in the 1920s, refrigerators did not enter households on a large scale.
Principle of refrigerator Refrigerator uses evaporation to cool or gasification to absorb heat to achieve the purpose of cooling. The pipes of the refrigerator contain a refrigerant commercially known as Freon, commonly known as refrigerant.
The commonly used one is difluorodichloromethane (CCL2F2), which is a colorless, odorless and non-toxic gas with a boiling point of 29°C. When Freon is in the gas state, it is pressurized by the compressor.
After being pressurized, it flows through the pipe to the condenser on the back of the refrigerator. It uses the heat sink to dissipate heat (when the material is compressed, the temperature will rise), and then condenses into a liquid. After the liquid Freon enters the evaporator valve, it immediately turns into steam due to breaking away from the pressure of the compressor. At the same time, it absorbs the latent heat of vaporization from the air and food in the refrigerator, causing the interior of the refrigerator to cool.
The vaporized Freon is forced back to the condenser outside the box by the compressor to dissipate heat, and then becomes liquid. This cycle continues, pumping the heat energy in the refrigerator to the outside of the box. 6. Seeking the development history of modern refrigerators
In the 1920s of the last century, in the distant Nordic country of Sweden, the world's first single-pressure absorption refrigerator was born.
Who would have thought that the refrigerator that brought huge changes to our lives was just an assignment for two young students to get their degree certificates. In 1922, two young engineers at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters, submitted a degree project that brought them much attention - a refrigerator that simply used the absorption process to cool down with heat.
The heat source that initiates the process is powered by electricity, gasoline or kerosene, making the system extremely flexible. In 1923, they established two companies of their own: Arctic Ltd. and Platen-Munters Refrigeration Systems Ltd.
However, these two inventors were extremely poor intellectuals. Like other young inventors, they desperately need funds to develop their products and bring them to market.
There are people in the world who can always capture business opportunities most keenly, such as Wen Ergreen, the founder of Electrolux. He became a mentor to Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters and seized the opportunity to make his company prosper.
To be honest, when he caught this information and became interested in absorption refrigeration machines, the machines were far from good enough. It was a bold move for two young guys to propose acquiring these two companies based on their degree work.
However, if there were not such bold fanatics, I am afraid that our use of refrigerators would have been delayed for several years! The addition of Weirgreen and Electrolux greatly improved the refrigerator business of Arctic Refrigerator Manufacturing Factory, and they began large-scale production. In 1925, Electrolux launched its first refrigerator, the Model D.
The first version, the Model D, packed the cooling unit and electrical accessories into a "hump" with a capacity of 91 liters. Many people have found "this wonder box" to be the solution to their food preservation woes.
In 1927, an American company called Severel was established and began to license the production of Electrolux refrigerators for the American market. Severel supplies refrigeration compressors for larger refrigeration cabinets and refrigeration units.
Absorption technology is not enough to meet these challenges, and compressors are also needed. The cooperation with Severel enables Electrolux to enter the Swedish professional refrigeration equipment market.