. Classification and summary of couplets:
Allegory couplet, colloquial couplet, homophonic couplet, missing words, split words, phonological couplet, contradictory couplet, clever couplet, clever couplet
Complex couplet, ambiguous couplet, ruthless antithetical couplet. Number couplet homophone thimble couplet hidden word couplet compound word couplet split word couplet with radical first couplet
2. Classification and analysis of couplets:
1 allegorical couplet
is an allegorical couplet.
such as:
right and wrong, right and wrong, right and wrong are indistinguishable;
positive and negative, negative and positive, positive and negative are the same (written in ten years of turmoil)
2 Vernacular couplets
are expressed in spoken language, which is kind and pleasant.
For example:
Busy for fame, busy for profit, take a break from busy work and have a cup of tea;
toil hard, toil hard, have fun in pain, and bring a pot of wine.
3 combination
In fact, a word is taken apart and then combined.
For example,
I miss my hometown, my friends and my parents. Gan long
said thank you, thank you for the sky, thank you for the land, thank you for the king. Ji Xiaolan
Here, "Si" and "Xie" are separated and put together. This kind of couplet is called combination pair.
freezing rain showered on the window, two o'clock in the east and three o'clock in the west,
sliced melons, eight vertical knives and seven horizontal knives. (su Shi)
4 homophonic pairs
are puns made by using phonological harmony, which has an interesting effect.
lotus seeds are bitter in heart;
pear has abdominal acid.
Jin Shengtan sighed himself before the punishment. "lotus" is harmonious with "pity"; "pear" is in harmony with "Li"
5. Inlaid couplets
are couplets embedded with the names of people, places or things to be expressed.
Related lettering couplets:
The tower lights up, and the lotus ponds dig lotus roots layer by layer, which is too white day by day.
6 missing words are puns with blank meanings.
For example, a poor scholar posted Spring Festival couplets for the New Year:
Two, three, four and five; Six, seven, eight, nine. Horizontal batch: North and South.
that is, the first part (lack of one) is homophonic (lack of clothes), and the second part (lack of ten) is homophonic (eat less), which means that one's life is difficult. Horizontal criticism: North and South means that they have nothing.
Appreciation of similar fun couplets:
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven (forgetting eight)
Filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, courtesy, righteousness, honesty
7 hyphenated couplets
are a unique form of couplets. Word splitting, also known as word analysis and clutch, is to separate the parts of Chinese characters into other words (or shapes) and give each word (or shape) new meaning. Word-splitting couplet and combination couplet are just the opposite. Word-splitting couplet is to split a word, and combination couplet is to split a word and then combine it.
spring tea, three mouthfuls of white water;
Zhu Xian 'an, two mountain people.
8 In the sentence of phonological association
, the end of each sentence rhymes
On Luoyang Bridge, the buckwheat on the bridge moves
On Parrot Island, the state disembarks, and the water stops the boat from flowing
On Bai Yunfeng, the maple is on the peak, and the maple is on the wind, but the peak does not move
Qingsi Road, roadside heron, dew.
big ladies wash black and white dishes
tall and short people eat hot bean jelly
1 homonyms
are linked by using one word with multiple parts of speech or homophones.
For example, Dui Lei contains a couplet: the horse cage is loose, and the cage is loose and the horse runs; The chicken cover covers the chicken, the chicken cover is broken, and the cover is broken. There are many methods of this connection. Cage and cage horse, cage horse and cage horse, chicken cover and cover chicken, cover chicken and cover chicken are loops in sentences. The cage is loose, the cage is loose, and the cover is broken and the cover is broken. Cage and cover are both a noun and a verb, and they are also used flexibly for parts of speech.
Tongyun Lian Appreciation:
Li hits the carp, the carp sinks to the bottom, and Li Shen floats
The wind blows the bees, the bees fall to the ground, and the bees fly in the wind (Li Xuezheng)
Draw a picture of a lotus monk (Tang Bohu)
Write a book in the Han Dynasty, Hanlin Shu (Li Tiaoyuan)
11. Cleverly combine the ideas
Tie the seedlings with straw.
The clear spring at the foot of the Buddha flutters down two jade belts
Flowing water at the source, and a string of pearls-Baotu Spring in Qianfo Mountain, Qishan
Mountains and rivers, and it is clear that Xiu Xiu is sunny and rainy everywhere. Always be curious-a pavilion couplet in Zhongshan Park, West Lake
emerald green and red everywhere, yingying and Yanyan
ups and downs go down every year-West Lake Flower Temple couplet
sea water goes down and down
clouds grow long and long and disappear
13 ambiguous couplets
One couplet will have different explanations because of different sentence positions
Tomorrow is spring. (It's a safe place to stay.)
How sad he is! (He's kind, he doesn't feel sad.)
Cheap is not cheap (cheap is not cheap, cheap is not cheap)
Affordable is not affordable (affordable is not affordable, affordable is affordable) Horizontal batch: cheap and fine
14. No love
Only pay attention to the relative words of the upper and lower couplets, but as for the content, they are different and irrelevant, which makes people have a strange surprise.
the bright moon has a plate of ears,
Red Star Erguotou.
15 backward linkage
means that the semantic meaning of the upper linkage is complete. The upper couplet can be read backwards into the lower couplet, or the upper couplet and the lower couplet can be read backwards into a new couplet at the same time, and the sentences are fluent and the meaning is complete, or it is called "inverted couplet"
visitors come to live naturally,
visitors come from the sky (Ji Xiaolan)
fog locks on the top of the mountain
the sky is connected with water, the tail of the water is connected with the sky
the building looks at the sea, and the water is connected with the water every day
16 unique couplets
The so-called "absolute" in couplets generally has two meanings: First, it refers to the skills of couplets. Two, because the joint sentence is ingenious, novel and difficult, it is often called absolute or Pian Yu.
tangliu in Yansuochi
Zhenhai Tower
Water-cooled shower, a little water, two little water, three little water
Lilac flowers, hundred prefix, thousand prefix, ten prefix
17 changed couplet
That is, the original couplet is still a good couplet, but the meaning has changed.
For example, Su Shi's erudition is profound, but he is also arrogant. He once wrote a couplet saying,
He knows all the words in the world and reads all the books in the world.
I was so proud that I was reprimanded by my mother. After many things, I changed my couplet and said,
I am determined to read all the books in the world.
18 couplet
has many words and complicated structure, but it is also neat. For example, there is a couplet called "the first long couplet in ancient and modern times" on the upper floor of Kunming Grand View Garden, with 18 words. The full text is as follows:
Five hundred Li Dianchi Lake, running to the fundus. I'm happy when I'm draped over the shore. Look: Dong Xiang Shen Jun; Western spiritual instrument; Go north and meander; Nanxiang baisu It's better to choose the winner than to board the board. Take advantage of the crab island and snail state, comb the incense and it will be windy and foggy. More frequent days and reeds, dotted with some jade feathers and Danxia. Don't live up to it: fragrant rice around; Clear sand; Nine summer hibiscus; Three spring willows.
thousands of years of past events come to mind. Empty the wine and sigh where the hero is. Think: Han Xi Lou Chuan; Tang Biao iron column; Song wields a jade axe; Yuan straddles the leather bag. Wei Lie made great contributions and made great efforts to move mountains. Draw a building with a bead curtain, and the volume is not as good as the evening rain. Then I broke the remains and gave them all to the pale smoke. Only win: a few minutes; Half a river fishing fire; Two rows of autumn geese; A pillow of clear frost.
19 Dang sentence pair
is a kind of antithesis, and some words in a sentence have their own duality, which is called Dang sentence pair.
The world is scarred, the sages in the poem
suffer from the people, and the bottom of the pen is rippling-Guo Moruo eulogizes Du Fu
sprinkling flowers at will, grinding a needle on a stone
leaning on a sword, hanging a bow to help the mulberry
2 couplets with the same word and different sounds
Using the characteristics of Chinese characters with multiple sounds, a special couplet with the same word and different sounds is formed.
tune the piano, tune the new tune to tune it up
plant flowers, plant all kinds of incense
Part I: one, three, eight-character pronunciation (bar), adjusted (tone), the rest pronunciation (drop), tonal (tone).
Downlink: One, three and eight characters are pronounced with the sound removed, the planted (species), and the rest are pronounced with the sound, variety and species (species).
Chao Chao Chao Chao Xi
Long, long, long, long and long
Fuzhou Luoxing Tower
Pronunciation: Chao Chao Chao, Chao Chao Chao Xi.
pronunciation of the next link: long rise, long rise and long decline.
line, line, line, line
long, long, long, long, long
pronunciation: Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Hangzhou.
bottom link pronunciation: long rise, long rise, long rise.
21 homophonic double association
homophonic double association makes use of the homonym and synonymous relationship of language and characters, so that a sentence involves two things or two contents and expresses the meaning of the author in a pun.
The breeze is everywhere, and I can't tolerate it
When will the bright moon shine on people again?
The first part: "Qing" implies the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
bottom line: "the bright moon" misses the Ming dynasty.
The spider under the eaves is full of silk.
The earthworm in front of the court is full of mud.
Silk is harmonious with privacy.
The second part: "Mud" and "Doubt", dialect pronunciation.
22 There are no couplets
As the name implies, no one can make a couplet.
In the Bell and Drum Tower, the bells are ringing all night.
Scholars in this world are all short-sighted.
Ask who can match the
23 palindromes.
The upper couplet in the couplet can be read backwards, or the upper couplet and the lower couplet can be read backwards into a new couplet at the same time, and the sentence is fluent and the meaning is complete, or it can be called ".
people pass through the Great Buddha Temple
The Buddha in the temple is bigger than others
Wang Ruoli, a doctor
Wang Zhonglang, a guest in heaven
24-digit couplet
Digital couplet is a clever pair of numbers in ancient Chinese couplet art. Although there are only a few numbers, it can change endlessly, which makes people get great interest.
Appreciation of similar fun associations:
Water-cooled Golden Cold Fire Temple is building a large-scale project
The officers in the South-to-North accent transfer project
combine the "five elements".
the next couplet is about the "five sides".
A thousand bricks in a hundred days caused the Cross Temple
three people crossing the Stone Bridge in one boat and two oars in one hundred days
The reopening of flowers and the year of Sanqi
There is an extra spring and autumn period in the ancient and rare double celebrations
A palm of your hand holds the sky and five fingers are three long and two short
Liuhe is inserted into the ground in seven floors and in all directions
Ice-cold wine is one point two points three points
There are hundreds of lilacs.
No mountain is as good as Wushan Mountain
What water is as clear as a river
The first part: "Nothing" and "Witch" are homonyms.
bottom couplet: "He" and "He" are homonyms.
the chicken steals rice and the child hits it with a tube
the summer mouse cools the beam and the guest coughs
The first part: "chicken" is homophone, "stealing rice" is homophone, and "child tube" is homophone.
Part I: Summer Rat is homophone, Liangliang is homophone, and Keke is homophone.
26 thimble couplet
Take the foot word of the first clause of the couplet as the head word of the last clause, so that two adjacent clauses are connected end to end, which is also called "couplet bead pair" and "couplet brocade pair".
smile when you open your mouth, but forget about everything.
A big belly can tolerate nature. Why not?
Golden thread and willow thread by the Jinshui River pass through the goldfish mouth.
Hosta flowers outside the jade railing are inserted into the jade head.
Thousands of miles are heavy mountains and heavy waters. Chongqing Mansion
One person becomes a big country and a great monarch.
27
Hidden word couplet, also known as missing word couplet and hidden word couplet, means deliberately omitting some words that need to be highlighted in the couplet, and subtly conveying the implication and implication. There are many excellent works with ingenious ideas, strange techniques and vivid language, which are amazing and memorable to read.
It is said that Lv Mengzheng, a famous figure in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in a poor family when he was a teenager. On New Year's Eve, he saw that his family was penniless, so he wrote such a couplet and posted it on both sides of the gate:
2345; Six seven eight nine.
horizontal batch: north and south.
The upper and lower couplet deliberately lacks "one" and "ten", and the horizontal criticism deliberately lacks "things", which means "lack of clothes and food, nothing". The idea of this couplet is ingenious, showing the author's poverty and bitterness in a subtle and humorous way.
Someone mocked a quack doctor named "Jisheng":
It doesn't have to be violent; Ever rise and fall back.
This couplet hides the word "Ji" and "Sheng" in the idioms "Good luck" and "Bring back the dead" respectively, and hides the name of "Ji Sheng" of quack doctors, satirizing quack doctors' illness without "Ji" and "Sheng"
28 overlapping words and compound words
In the couplet, one or several identical words appear one after another, respectively.
it's closer to the top of the mountain than it is to the mountainside.
the moon floats to the bottom, and the moon still sinks.
The trees are high and low, and the springs are tinkling.
The winding roads of the overlapping mountains are green and red.
Flowers and plants are blooming every year.
29 words can be split and combined.
Couplets can be split and combined. Of course, some of them also contain analytical words, which contain some subtle ideological content.
looking at the word "leisure" in the door
thinking about the heart and the field
.
bottom line: the word "thinking".
the lack of water and sand can be seen immediately.
It's only when the earth embankment is formed.
Silkworm is the worm in the world.
Hong is a bird on the riverside.
Breaking through the three stones of Lei Bridge.
Breaking through the two mountains separately.
The word "Lei" is linked together.
split the word "Chu" in the second part.
The freezing rain sprinkles people at two o'clock in the east and three o'clock in the west
Divide the guests into seven horizontal knives and eight vertical knives
Disassemble the words "freezing" and "sprinkling".
split the word "cut" and "split" in the upper part.
3 The initial linking of the same radical
The initial linking of the same radical is the same as the training radical. After careful consideration, couplets composed of Chinese characters with the same radicals and radicals are called "the first couplet with radicals".
For example, in the first year of the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty, Prime Minister Ye Xianggao passed by Fuzhou and stayed at the home of Weng Zhengchun, the champion of the new department. Weng improvised a response:
He spoiled Su Hanjia and was lonely in the poor window.
Ye Xianggao was shocked when he saw that the couplet was full of the words "Bao Gai", and then he said,
A guest official lives in a palace, and a rich room is tolerant.
The more wonderful one is:
Yi Yin, Ruan Yuan.
Yi Yin was a famous politician in Shang Dynasty, while Ruan Yuan was a famous scholar and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. They are both names, and they are just radicals, so the antithesis is neat.
This year's Spring Festival Gala also has a picture of the same side.
Qinghai Shanglian: rivers, lakes and seas originate from Shui Ze;
Gansu bottom line: gold, silver, copper, iron, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc.