Cost plus freight (CFR), cost plus insurance plus freight (CIF) The seller is responsible for signing a transportation contract to transport the goods to the destination and pay the freight, but the risks of the goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer at the delivery place in the exporting country, and the risks of the goods in transit are borne by the buyer. Therefore, they are all contracts of shipment, not contracts of arrival. Group c terms and group f terms belong to the contract of carriage.
Cost plus freight (designated port of destination, abbreviated as CFR), the original abbreviation of the term cost plus freight is C&, which is a traditional and commonly used international trade term. When this trade term is used, the seller is responsible for concluding a transportation contract, loading the goods at the port of shipment, and paying the freight for transporting the goods to the destination at the time stipulated in the sales contract. However, the risk of loss or damage of the goods after crossing the ship's rail at the transshipment port and all the extra expenses caused by the accident shall be borne by the buyer. This is different from FOB terminology.
CIF "Cost Insurance and Freight" is a traditional and commonly used international trade term. When adopting this trade term, the seller should not only bear the same obligations as "CFR", but also be responsible for the transportation insurance of the goods and pay the insurance premium. However, the seller's obligation is limited to the minimum insurance coverage, that is, FPA. As for the risks of goods, like CFR and FOB risks, they are all transferred by the seller to the buyer when the ship crosses the ship's rail at the port of shipment.
FAQ = FAQs means "frequently asked questions" in Chinese, or more commonly, "frequently asked questions".
The seller copies the samples confirmed by the buyer according to the samples provided by the buyer. This kind of sample is called "back sample" or "back sample", also called "confirmation sample".
Buying and selling by brand name or trademark refers to the transaction that uses brand name or trademark to express the quality of goods. The quality of some commodities is stable, and a good commercial reputation has been established in the market. Their brand number itself represents a certain quality level, which can be used to indicate the quality of goods. Even if there is no specific specification in the contract, the seller must deliver the goods according to the usual quality of the brand or trademark, otherwise it will not only constitute a breach of contract, but also sell the brand. Therefore, when trading in this way, as a seller, we must pay attention to ensuring the quality of delivery to maintain the reputation of brand products; As a buyer, to prevent counterfeit products, in order to be safe, in addition to the provisions of trademarks and brands, sometimes some major specifications will be clarified to safeguard their own interests.
Some commodities, such as electromechanical products, instruments, complete sets of equipment, etc. The structure is complex, and the requirements for materials, design and technology are strict. Moreover, it is difficult to express their quality with a few indicators, and their usage can not be explained in short words. For this kind of goods, the quality is generally expressed by instructions with drawings, photos and various data. Trading in this way is called buying and selling according to orders.
When buying and selling according to the instructions, the quality of the goods delivered by the seller must meet all the indicators specified in the instructions. However, due to the technical complexity of this kind of goods, sometimes even if the indicators of the goods are completely consistent with the superficial specifications, they may not be able to meet the performance required by the design. Therefore, when adopting this method, we should pay attention to the quality assurance clause or technical service clause in the contract in addition to the contents of the manual. For example, it can be stipulated that "the seller guarantees that the quality of its goods meets the specifications and performance within a certain period of time. If it is found that the quality is lower than the specified, or the process quality of parts is poor, or the materials are defective due to hidden dangers, the buyer has the right to lodge a claim, and the seller is obliged to eliminate the defects or replace the defective goods or materials, and bear all the expenses arising therefrom", or similar clauses can be adopted to protect the interests of the buyer from damage.
When describing the quality of goods in words or drawings, exporters sometimes send some reference samples to each other so that customers can have a better understanding of the quality of goods. But this is different from "buying and selling by sample", because this kind of reference sample is used as the seller's propaganda and introduction, only for the other party to refer to when deciding to buy, not as the quality basis when delivering. Of course, exporters should also pay attention to the quality close to or generally consistent with the future export goods when sending samples.