Do you dare to talk nonsense anymore? It’s better not to answer if you give a messy answer

Let’s put it this way

Japan’s railway system is relatively complicated, so it is normal to get confused

So I Let me tell you

Japan’s main railway lines were basically electrified after the war, and with the recovery and growth of the economy, the previous locomotives and rolling stock were gradually replaced by EMUs. The first EMU in operation was the rapid train "Echo" between Tokyo and Osaka, and the first sleeper train was the 583 series "Moonlight". After that, EMUs began to be promoted on a large scale. To this day, except for freight trains and a small number of specially reserved overnight sleeper expresses with a tourist nature, Japan is dominated by EMUs.

Today, most of the trains in Japan are electrified EMUs, abbreviated as electric trains, which are equivalent to the "Electric Multiple Units" (EMU) in Chinese. For trains running on non-electrified railways, there is a special word in Japanese called "EMU", which is equivalent to "Diesel Multiple Unit" (DMU) in Chinese.

Whether it is an EMU or a DMU, ??they are both EMUs. Both JR and Japan Railways operate

Typical "Tram", pay attention to the white JR mark on the front of the car, indicating that this line is owned by JR

The Shinkansen is Japan's high-speed train system and is a tram (Because it is an electrified railway), but it is different from ordinary trains. The biggest difference lies in the track gauge. Japan's ordinary trains use a 1067mm narrow gauge system (except for a few special routes), while the Shinkansen all use the internationally unified 1435mm standard gauge system, so the two are not interoperable. To differentiate, ordinary trains are called "travel lines" in Japanese, while Shinkansen has become a trademark and a special noun

All Shinkansen lines are affiliated with JR

JR It is the abbreviation of "Japan Railways", formerly known as Japan National Railways (JNR, National Railways), and later officially split and privatized on April 1, 1987, becoming a group company. Completely inherit the national railway lines and all operating organizations. It includes many modes of transportation, including Shinkansen, trams, etc., including ferries and buses, as well as the hotel industry, but does not include the subway. It is not a kind of car, but the general name of a group of companies.

So the so-called relationship between JR and the subway. One word must be mentioned: "civilian iron". In Japan, private consortiums are allowed to invest in the railway industry. Railways invested by private consortiums are called private railways, or private railways. It is a railway company invested and operated by a private consortium (after privatization, as a commercial activity, JR can participate in equity but is generally not a controlling party. In the era of national railways, it was not allowed to participate). This part of the railway is not a state-owned enterprise and is completely borne by the company's shareholders. Profit and loss. All subways are operated by civilian railways, and JR does not include subway services (a few lines can be directly connected to the subway).

http://www.mintetsu.or.jp/

Japan Private Railway Association, including introduction to private railways in various places

Finally

< p>The so-called Sakura Front (さくらぜんせん) refers to the date forecast for cherry blossoms blooming sequentially from south to north. Japan is a long and narrow island country with a large climate difference between the north and the south. The cherry blossoms bloom sequentially from south to north, forming a line blooming from south to north. The front line. This date is released by the Meteorological Agency every year

The approximate time when cherry blossoms bloomed in various parts of Japan last year

March 23rd Fukuoka, Kagoshima; March 24th Hiroshima; March 26th Osaka; March 27, Takamatsu, Nagoya, Shizuoka and Tokyo; March 28, Kyoto; March 31, Matsue; April 3, Utsunomiya; April 5, Kanazawa; April 10, Niigata; April 11 Nisendai; Nagano on April 13; Morioka on April 21; Aomori on April 24; Hakodate on May 1; Sapporo on May 4.

It has nothing to do with railways