With the improvement of living standard, detergent has become a necessity. In order to remove pesticide residues and ensure the safety of imported food, many families soak fruits and vegetables with detergents. But is the detergent you use really effective?
Detergents are ineffective in removing pesticide residues.
Mr. Zheng Fei Neng of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced that the main component of detergent in daily life is surfactant, which has a strong washing effect. Most or even most of the residual pesticides on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables should be removed by appropriate methods. When applying pesticides, in order to improve the efficacy and "specific effect period", it is required that pesticides have a certain "deposition amount" on the surface of crop stems and leaves, and have a certain adhesion firmness. Then, if there are residual pesticides on the harvested fruits and vegetables, it is impossible to remove them easily. Generally speaking, it is not enough to soak in the detergent diluent. Brush it with a brush and finally rinse it with clear water. But this can only remove the pesticide residue on the surface of fruits and vegetables, and even only remove the brushed part of the surface.
Xiling can't do anything about the pesticide that has infiltrated into plant tissues, because it can only wash the surface. The fundamental measure to solve the problem of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is to ban highly toxic pesticides, and strictly observe the ban period of pesticide varieties allowed in some fruits and vegetables before harvest. Mr. Zheng believes that it is one-sided to advocate not using pesticides, which is tantamount to "abandoning food because of choking." Cleaning with detergent is ok, but it should be treated correctly.
The author learned from Mr. Luo Xiquan of China Daily Chemical Industry Research Institute that the mandatory national standard of tableware detergent clearly points out that the applicable scope of tableware detergent is washing vegetables, fruits and tableware. In the early 1980s, when China Institute of Daily Chemical Products developed tableware detergent, the washing effects of DDT, BHC, organophosphorus and Bordeaux liquid on apples, pears, tomatoes and cucumbers were tested. The results show that the effect of washing pesticides is 1. 1-7 times that of tap water, and some germs can be removed, which is much better than washing pesticides with tap water only.
Secretary-General Wu of China Washing Products Industry Association introduced that the detergents currently used can effectively remove pesticide residues on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables under normal use, but whether they can be completely removed is still a problem. At present, the active ingredient of surfactant in detergent is not only sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, but also other combinations. The affinity of different combinations in different fruits and vegetables should be analyzed in detail, such as leafy vegetables and roots.
A study by Shanghai White Cat Group Folk Research Institute shows that most pesticides are oily substances, which can't be completely removed even if they are soaked in water for a long time. Just like greasy dishes, the oil stains on them can't be washed clean no matter how they are soaked. Detergent has a good emulsifying and dispersing ability to oily substances, so it can greatly reduce pesticide residues.
Is the residual detergent harmful to human body?
According to Mr. Luo Xiquan from China Daily Chemical Industry Research Institute, the surfactants commonly used in tableware detergents are linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES). A lot of research work has been done abroad on the acute oral toxicity of these two surfactants, and it has been confirmed that the LD50 of LAS is 0.5-2.0 g/kg. The LD50 of AES is1.7—5.0g/kg. This toxic range is equivalent to edible salt and baking soda, which means it is a non-toxic substance. What's more, the concentration of surfactant in detergent is only 15% to 20%, and a lot of water needs to be added before washing dishes, and the concentration is only 0. 1%-0. 15%. Tableware washed with detergent also needs to be rinsed with tap water 1-2 times or rinsed with tap water. Therefore, the content of residual surfactant on tableware is very low. If the amount of surfactant remaining in the washing solution is detected according to 1 rinse, it is estimated that only 0.0009 mg of surfactant is stained on each plate. If each person needs 20 plates per day, the daily intake of each person is 0.0 18 mg. If you rinse it twice or rinse it with tap water, the intake will be even more insignificant. According to foreign data, it is safe to consume 0.3-3 mg of surfactant per person every day. After washing the dishes with tableware detergent, the residue on the tableware is much lower than this line. Therefore, it can be considered absolutely safe and consumers can use it with confidence.
In order to ensure the safety of consumers, our government promulgated the national standard of tableware detergent as early as 1988 (GB 9985-88), which is a mandatory standard, that is, standards that must be strictly implemented, such as arsenic content of 0.05 mg/kg, heavy metals (calculated by lead) 1 mg/kg, and methanol1kg. Therefore, as long as the national standards are strictly implemented, the safety of tableware detergent is guaranteed.
Director Dong of the Technical Department of the Institute of Daily Chemicals also believes that the concentration of surfactant diluted by detergent is very low, only a few ppm, which will not cause harm to human body. Detergent has a strong detergency. The decontamination index of tableware detergent is 3‰, that is to say, 3 grams of detergent is allowed in 1000 grams of water, which will not affect the human body within this range. In addition, the state also has strict regulations on the index of fluorescent whitening agent in detergent, which is safe within this range.
Mr. Zhang Shixin, Scientific Research Department of shanghai jahwa Co., Ltd. thinks that the residue after washing fruits, vegetables and tableware with detergent has a great relationship with soaking and washing time. The experiment of detergent residue shows that the longer the soaking time, the better. Especially for unsmooth fruits, such as strawberries, only 0.75ppm remains after soaking for 10 second, and 1.25ppm remains after soaking for 60 seconds, which is relatively high. The same is true for washing vegetables, such as vegetables, which can be washed for 30 seconds, instead of washing for as long as possible.
Can disinfectant detergent kill hepatitis B virus and Escherichia coli?
According to the personage of China Washing Products Industry Association, Disinfecting Detergent Spirit is a new type of detergent which integrates sterilization and decontamination functions. Effective disinfection ingredients are like iodophor (strong oxidant). After the relevant effect test, it has a certain bactericidal effect, but it is not certain that some detergents can kill all hepatitis B viruses and spores. Another effective disinfectant is sodium hypochlorite, which is not used in European countries because of its pungent smell, and chlorine-containing components will volatilize, which is harmless to human body. The detergent produced by regular enterprises is safe.
Wang, the technical department of Beijing No.2 Daily Chemical Factory, introduced that the "Goldfish" disinfection detergent with a white bottle and a blue cover appeared on the market at present, which can kill Escherichia coli and hepatitis B bacteria, and its effective ingredient is a new green disinfectant recommended by the World Health Organization with high efficiency, non-toxicity, broad spectrum and no residue. At present, the antibacterial dishwashing detergent sold in the United States includes Diw series of golden orange with high virus removal efficiency; In the European market, Procter & Gamble and Henkel also launched their antibacterial products. In China, this detergent with dual functions of cleaning and sterilization is also being popularized. Zhang Lei of Shanghai White Cat Group Research Institute believes that the development of disinfectant detergent is very strict. At present, the institute is developing this kind of product which can be sterilized.
How to choose and use tableware detergent correctly
Luo Xiquan of China Daily Chemical Industry Research Institute thinks that using detergent in dry season will cause skin wrinkles, mainly because of its strong degreasing ability, and the most fundamental solution is to choose mild surfactants.
The products produced by most enterprises strictly implement the national mandatory standards, and consumers can buy and use them with confidence, but it does not rule out that a few irresponsible manufacturers produce fake and shoddy products and do not implement the national mandatory standards. Therefore, consumers are advised to choose shopping malls with high credibility and buy tableware detergents with good reputation and quality, which are produced by well-known manufacturers and meet national standards, and the packaging has the name, address and trademark of the factory. In order to reduce the skin irritation caused by hand washing, ensure safety and avoid waste, consumers should master the appropriate dosage. Usually, the concentration of washing liquid can be controlled at about 0. 1%, that is, 5 ml of table detergent can be added to 5 liters of washing water, and it can also be adjusted according to the greasy degree of tableware and the number of tableware. Generally speaking, for the current high foam tableware detergent, the appropriate dosage is the amount of foam remaining in the water after washing. If the foam is great when washing, the tableware washed with washing liquid must be rinsed twice with tap water or directly with tap water. To prevent children from eating by mistake, it must be stored in a safe place.