CPU: Central Processing Unit, also called central processing unit or microprocessor, is called the heart of the computer.

RAM: Random Access Memory, random access memory, which is often referred to as "memory".

ROM: Read-Only Memory, read-only memory.

EDO: Extended Data Output, extended data output. When the processing speed of CPU continues to increase, it is also required to continuously increase the data transmission speed of DRAM. Generally speaking, the data transmission speed of FPM (Fast Page Model) DRAM is 60-70ns, while EDO DRAM is 3 times faster than FPM, reaching 20ns. . Currently the fastest is SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM, synchronous dynamic memory), with an access speed of up to 10ns.

SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory, synchronous dynamic random access memory, also known as synchronous DRAM, is a new generation of dynamic memory. It can use the same clock as the CPU bus. Therefore, SDRAM memory can greatly improve computer performance compared to EDO memory.

Cache: The English meaning is "a cellar (where prospectors and others store food, equipment, etc.); a storage place." Cache memory in a computer is a small but high-speed memory located between the CPU and the main memory DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). It is usually composed of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).

CMOS: is the abbreviation of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, which means complementary metal oxide semiconductor (referring to complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory). CMOS is a battery-powered memory (RAM) used in most computers today. It is an important tool for determining the hardware configuration of the system, optimizing the overall performance of the computer, and performing system maintenance. It saves some information about system hardware settings, etc., and this information continues to exist after shutting down (this is completely different from RAM). When turned on, the computer needs this information to start the system. If the information retained in CMOS is messed up carelessly or in an accident, the computer system will not be able to start normally.

PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnection, local bus (the bus is a high-speed channel used by computers to transfer information from one device to another). The PCI bus is currently a relatively advanced bus structure. Its functions are greatly improved compared to other buses. It can support burst read and write operations, with a maximum transmission rate of up to 132Mbps. It is one of the fastest buses for data transmission and can simultaneously Supports multiple sets of peripheral devices. PCI is not restricted by the CPU processor and is compatible with various existing buses. Its motherboard slot is small, so the cost is low and it is conducive to promotion.

Seagate: American Seagate hard drive manufacturer. Seagate means "gateway to the ocean" in English, often referring to canals leading to the sea, etc.

Quantum: The English meaning is "quantitative, total amount". Famous hard drive trademark, American hard drive manufacturer Quantum Corporation.

Maxtor: "Crystal", American Maxtor hard drive company.

LD: Laser Disk, laser disc, also known as laser video disc.

CD: Compact Disc, compressed optical disc, also known as laser disc.

CD-ROM: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory, compressed disc-read-only memory (storage), also called "read-only disc".

VCD: Video Compact Disc, a video compressed disc, which is commonly referred to as a "small video disc".

DVD: Many people still regard DVD as the abbreviation of Digital Video Disc. In fact, from September 1995, the two major DVD development groups Sony/Philips and Toshiba/Time Warner After reaching the unified DVD standard, the connotation of DVD has changed a lot. It has become a digital versatile disc, the abbreviation of Digital Versatile Disc. The "universal" meaning of Versatile indicates the diversification of DVD uses. It can be used not only for film and television entertainment, but also for multimedia computers and other fields. Currently, it can be divided into 5 types according to its usage: 1. Computer read-only disc - DVD-ROM; 2. Home-use audio and video disc - DVD-Movie; 3. DVD Audio specifically for music appreciation; 4. Write-only A one-time optical disc—DVD-R; 5. A disc that can be read and written multiple times—DVD-RAM.

Modem: Modem, a necessary tool for the Internet (International Internet) on home computers. The word Modem cannot be found in the general English-Chinese dictionary. It is a modulator (MOdulator) and a demodulator. (DEModulator) abbreviation. Modem is an essential external device for computer communication. Because computer data is a digital signal, in order to transmit it to another computer or other terminal (such as a teletypewriter, etc.) at a long distance through a transmission line (such as a telephone line), the digital signal must be converted into a format suitable for transmission. Analog signal (modulated signal). At the receiving end, the received analog signal must be restored to its original digital signal, which requires the use of a modem.

UPS: The abbreviation for Uninterruptible Power Supply. It appeared with the birth of the computer and is one of the important peripheral devices of the computer. UPS is a constant voltage and constant frequency uninterruptible power supply that contains an energy storage device and is mainly composed of an inverter. It is used to protect the computer from losing important data when the power is suddenly cut off.

TFT: Active matrix color display, referred to as TFT display, is specially used for notebook computers. TFT displays have the advantages of fast refresh speed, vivid colors, and bright brightness. In addition, it also has the characteristics necessary for "green computers" such as no flicker, no radiation, and no static electricity.

Internet English Vocabulary

Internet: Abbreviation for International Net, Internet, also known as the International Internet. It was first produced by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969. Its original purpose was only to share data from remote computers, and later developed to connect computers and computer networks around the world. Forming a boundless super network. The main services of the Internet include: email (E-mail), remote login (Telnet), query service (Finger), file transfer (FTP), document server (Archive), news forum (Usenet), and electronic bulletin board (BBS) ), News Group, World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW, also known as the World Wide Web), etc.

BBS: Bulletin Board System, bulletin board system or electronic bulletin board, also known as Public Access Message System, public access information system. It is an electronic version of ordinary announcements. Users can publish messages through the bulletin board. Any user can read the message on the bulletin board, or send information to a specific person or a group of users. Bulletin board systems are widely used to disseminate information. Consulting an electronic bulletin board is often faster and more effective than using an interactive mailbox or public postal system to send announcements.

E-mail: Email is an interactive service that uses the Internet to exchange text messages. Internet users around the world can send and receive emails to each other.

WWW: The abbreviation of World Wide Web, Global Network, also known as the World Wide Web.

It is an information retrieval tool based on hypertext, providing a friendly information query interface. It is currently one of the most popular and advanced Internet retrieval tools.

Remote Login: Remote login (registration), which is an important means to achieve maximum resource sharing in a network environment. In this way, users can connect to any Internet host in the world.

HTTP: Hyper Text Transmission Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

IP: IP International Internet Protocol, the Internet Protocol.

FTP: is the abbreviation of Transfer Protocol, which is the file transfer protocol, used to transfer files on the Internet. The task of FTP is to transfer files from one computer to another. People can get a lot of free and useful software through FTP.

Gopher: Pronunciation/′g?uf?/, English means "gopher"; (an edible turtle that lives in caves in the southern United States). It is a menu-driven information query software on the Internet. The user's request can be automatically converted into an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) or Telnet (standard IP protocol for remote terminal connection) command. Under the guidance of the menu, the user can access the remote information system on the Internet.

Archive: Pronunciation /′a:kaiv/, meaning "archive; archives". The document server on the Internet can automatically access many Internet FTP servers on a regular basis and index the files on these servers into a searchable file. Database.

WAIS: is the abbreviation of Wide Area Information Service. It makes huge data resources on the Internet easy to retrieve and obtains information from remote databases.

Luisitserv: This is a popular way for users to exchange information on the Internet.

IRC: Internet Relay Chat, which is a multi-user chat facility that allows multiple users to communicate via chat. Chat with other people in real time.

Hypertext: Originally used to represent all hyperlinks, it also represents text containing "links". This is a non-linear method of organizing information. Graphics and other data as individual elements can point to (link to) other elements.

Hyperlink: A "link" to another file, such as a picture, button, "hot word" or Phrases can be used as hyperlinks. When the user selects the hyperlink, the connected information will be displayed.

HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language, which is developed by the European Particle Laboratory. Invented by Tim Bemers Lee, an imaginative researcher, it is the universal language of the "WWW (World Wide Web) World" through which servers and client browsers communicate with each other; information resources are also described by it. As for "expression", HTML can describe home pages and static text. Tens of millions of people around the world are using HTML language. It is no exaggeration to say that there would be no "WWW world" without HTML.

Hypermedia: A computer-based method of transmitting and displaying information using text, graphics, animation, sound and video. These text and other hypermedia elements can be connected to other files. Processed as a single object.

Navigator: It is one of the Internet browser software produced by the American Netscape Company. The English meaning of Navigator is "navigator, sea explorer", which means that people can use this software to sail and explore in the ocean of the Internet network.

Navigator can not only browse the World Wide Web (WWW), but also has multiple functions such as email (E-mail), file transfer (FTP), remote login (Telnet), news group (News Group), and information browsing (Gopher).

IE: Internet Explorer, Explorer means "explorer".

Common important computer English and its abbreviations

PC: Personal Computer, personal computer, personal computer, also known as microcomputer or microcomputer.

NC: Network Computer, network computer.

MPC: Multimedia Personal Computer, multimedia personal computer.

MMX: is the abbreviation of MultiMedia eXtensions (Multimedia Extensions), which is an important feature of the sixth generation CPU chip. MMX technology adds 57 instructions to the CPU specifically designed for video signal (Video Signal), audio signal (Audio Signal) and image processing (Graphical Manipulation). Therefore, MMX CPU greatly improves the computer's multimedia (such as Stereo, video, three-dimensional animation, etc.) processing functions.

Intel Pentium 166MHz MMXTM: Intel Pentium is a "Pentium" CPU produced by Intel Corporation. ?Means "Registered" (registered trademark). 166MHz refers to the CPU clock frequency, and MHz is the abbreviation of Mega Hertz. The TM in MMXTM is the abbreviation of "Trade Mark", which means "registered trademark".

OOP: Object Oriented Programming, object-oriented programming. The so-called "object" is a collection of one or a group of data and methods and processes for processing these data. Object-oriented programming is completely different from traditional process-oriented programming. It greatly reduces the difficulty of software development and makes programming as simple as building blocks. It is an unstoppable trend in today's computer programming.

28VGA: 28 refers to the yellow light dot spacing (dot pitch) on the color monitor. The smaller the dot pitch of the monitor, the more delicate and better the image. This is because each image on the color screen The dots are formed by a group of red, green, and blue lights. Technically, the three beams of light cannot converge 100% on one point, so there will be an interval between yellow light dots. The smaller the interval, the smaller the distance. The clearer the image displayed on the screen. VGA is the abbreviation of Video Graphics Array.

FAT: Allocation Table, file allocation table. Its function is to record information about how files in the hard disk are dispersedly stored in different sectors.

EPA: Abbreviation for Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA announced the "Energy Star" program in 1992 and received positive response from the international community. As long as you start your computer, you will see the "Energy Star" logo appear on the screen within a few seconds. The goal of Energy Star is to automatically enter a low-power state when various components of the computer system are inactive, and automatically return to a fully awake state when the component's activity is restored (i.e., when the keyboard, mouse, etc. are used). For products that meet Energy Star specifications, the EPA will issue the Energy Star mark "EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER", which means "anti-pollution, energy-saving products recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency."

IC card: Intelligent Card, smart card.

ATX: A new structural specification for computer cases, motherboards, and power supplies.

IDE: Integrated circuit device or intelligent disk device.

DLL: Dynamic Link Library, dynamic link library.

KB: Kilo Byte, KB means kilobytes. K=Kilo, word-forming component, meaning "thousand; kilometers; kilograms; kilometers". B=Byte, meaning "byte", is the smallest storage unit in a computer (one byte can store one English letter, and every two bytes can store one Chinese character).

MB: Mega Byte, MB means megabytes. M=Mega, word-forming component, meaning "mega; million".

GB: Giga Byte, GB means gigabytes. G=Giga, word-forming component, meaning giga; billion.

CAI: Computer-Asisted Instruction or Computer-Aided Instruction, computer-assisted instruction. It will be the most important and most important teaching method in the 21st century. Popular teaching method.

CAD: Computer-Aided Design, computer-aided design.

ISO: International Standard Organization, ISO launched in 1987 about quality management and The ISO 9000 series of international standards for quality assurance was revised in 1994. Among them, the main standards that constitute the ISO 9000 series of standards are: 1. ISO 9000-1:1994 "Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards-Part 1". Part: Guide to Selection and Use. 2. ISO 9001:1994 "Quality System - Quality Assurance Model for Design, Development, Production, Installation and Service" 3. ISO 9002:1994 "Quality System - Quality Assurance for Final Inspection and Testing". Mode".

3DS or 3D Studio: Three Dimension Studio is a set of multifunctional 3D animation software launched by the American Autodesk company, which integrates solid modeling, static coloring and animation creation. The earth has popularized three-dimensional modeling technology. It can exchange graphics information with AutoCAD, use a scanner to input graphics, and output animations to TV or video tapes through VGA and TV conversion interfaces.

VR: Virtual Reality, virtual reality. , also known as input 3D, evolved from the Air Force flight simulation device. Basically, it uses the principle of alternating left and right visual spaces to display images to produce a three-dimensional effect. In fact, it goes beyond the scope of image processing. It is a comprehensive integration of light, sound, and images. Computer-generated environment, people can interactively operate objects in the virtual environment as they do in real life, and the application prospects of virtual reality are extremely broad.

OCR: the abbreviation of Optical Character Recognition (optical character recognition). , refers to inputting text material through a scanner as a computer image file, recognizing it as Chinese or English internal code through software, and then processing the text. Because handwriting is too random, OCR is currently limited to the recognition of printed text. The one with the highest OCR recognition accuracy is TH-OCR NT for Windows produced by Tsinghua Wentong Company.

SCSI: Small Computer System Interface, a small computer system interface, which is used to solve many external devices and computers. The problem occurs due to connection problems between .

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer, original equipment manufacturer.

Microsoft OEM: Microsoft OEM products. It refers to the software operating system pre-installed on the computer, including Windows98, Windows NT, WorkStation, Windows3.X, and MS-DOS.

MIS: Management Information System, management information system. It is widely used in all walks of life. The most famous domestic management information systems include "Wangte MIS", "Yaqi MIS" and "Quick MIS".

PNP: Plug and Play, plug and play, it is an important technical feature of Window98. The so-called plug-and-play refers to a technology in which the operating system automatically sets the system structure when a PC plug-in card and other peripheral devices that comply with the PNP standard are installed into the computer. This means that when users install new hardware, they no longer have to set any jumper switches or configure interrupt requests (IRQs), memory addresses or direct memory access (DMA) channels in software. Windows 98 will notify the application. New changes in hardware devices and automatically reconcile conflicts between IRQs, memory addresses, and DMA channels.

OLE: Object Linking and Embedding, Object Linking and Embedding, referred to as OLE technology. OLE is not only desktop application integration, but also defines and implements a mechanism that allows applications to "connect" to each other as software "objects" (data collections and functions that manipulate data). This connection mechanism and protocol are called components Component Object Model, referred to as COM. OLE can be used to create compound documents. Compound documents contain different types of data created in different source applications, so it can combine text, sounds, images, tables, etc. together.

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface, musical instrument digital interface. It is one of the basic terms of multimedia. MIDI files are played and recorded with electronic instruments such as electronic keyboards, guitars, saxophones, etc. It can be played on most multimedia computer sound cards, even without creating your own MIDI files. , you can also use existing MIDI files as background music for multimedia presentations. MIDI files only store descriptions of sounds, relying on the sound card's synthesizer (FM or waveform table) to produce the real sounds people want to hear.

MPEG: is the abbreviation of Motion Picture Experts Group, which means "Moving Picture Experts Group". It is a compression coding standard for moving images and their accompanying sounds in multimedia computers, which is commonly referred to as MPEG standard. It includes three parts: MPEG audio, MPEG video, and MPEG system.

Explanation of common computer English vocabulary

access arm head arm, access arm

access time access time

adder adder< /p>

address address

alphanumeric alphanumeric

analog computer analog computer

analyst analyst

area area< /p>

array array, array

assembler assembly program

automation automation

band area

batch processing batch processing

binary code binary code

binary digit binary digit, binary number

bit bit, binary bit

branch branch, branch line

brush brush

buffer storage buffer memory

calculator calculator

call instruction call instruction

card punch card punch machine

card reader card reader, card reader

cell unit

channel channel, channel

character character< /p>

check digit check digit

circuit circuit, line

to clear clear, clear

clock clock

code code

to code coding

coder coder, coder

command instruction, command

compiler compiler

computer language computer language

console console

control unit control unit, controller

core storage, core store core memory

counter counter

cybernetics control theory

cycle cycle

data data

data processing data processing

debugging debugging

decision making

digit number, digit, bit

digital computer digital computer

disc, disk disk

display unit display device

drum magnetic drum

to edit edit

electronics

emitter transmitter

to encode encoding

to erase erase, clean, erase

feed feed, supply

to feed feed, supply

feedback feedback

field field, information group, domain

file file

floppy disk floppy disk

floppy disk drive floppy disk machine

flow chart flow chart

frame frame

hardware hardware

identifier identifier

index index< /p><

p>information information

inline processing

input input

inquiry query

instruction command

integrated circuit integrated circuit

to interpret explanation

item project, item

jump transfer

key key, key code

latency time waiting time

library library, program library

linkage connection

to load load, register, Write, load

location storage unit

logger register, recorder

loop loop

machine language machine language

magnetic storage magnetic storage

magnetic tape tape

matrix matrix

memory storage

message message

p>

microcomputer microcomputer

module component, module

monitor monitor, supervisory program, monitor

nanosecond nanosecond

network network, network

numeric, numerical, numerical

octet octet, octet

operator operator< /p>

optical character reader optical character reader

optical scanner optical scanner

output output

overflow overflow

panel flat panel

parameter parameter

perforator punch

peripheral equipment peripheral equipment

personal computer personal computer

printed circuit printed circuit

printer printer

printout printout

to process processing

processing unit processing unit

program program

to program programming

programmer programmer

programming programming

pulse pulse

punch punch

to punch punch

punched card, punch card punched card

punched tape, punch tape punched paper tape

punch hole hole, punched

random access random access

to read read

reader reading program

p>

reading reading

real time real time

record, register record

redundancy redundancy

routine routine< /p>

selector selector, selector

sen

tinel mark

sequence sequence, order

sequential sequence

serial serial. continuous

shift shift, shift number

signal signal

simulation simulation

simulator simulator, simulation program

software software, software device

sort classification, sorting

sorter classification personnel, classification machine, classification program, sorting program

storage memory

to store storage

subroutine , subprogram subprogram

switch switch

symbol symbol

symbolic language symbolic language

system system

tabulator Tabulating machine

teleprinter teletypewriter

terminal terminal

terminal unit terminal equipment

timer clock, precision timer

time sharing time sharing

timing timing

track track

transducer sensor, translator

translator translation program, translation device

to update update

Winchester disk drive Winchester disk drive, hard drive

working storage working memory