First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 8 small questions)
1. The following statement about diamond, graphite and C60 is incorrect ().
A. They are all good conductors of electricity.
B. Graphite is soft and can be used as pencil lead.
C.C60 is a new simple substance.
D. diamonds are hard enough to cut marble.
2. China charcoal carving (mainly composed of charcoal) is a kind of handicraft integrating ornamental and air purification. About this matter, the wrong statement is ().
A. charcoal carving should stay away from fire.
B.charcoal carvings can be preserved for a long time.
C. charcoal carving is a light and transparent solid.
D. charcoal carving can adsorb indoor harmful gases.
3. At present, people have realized the harm of uncontrolled emission of carbon dioxide, and have advocated that "the country should develop its economy with low carbon, and individuals should live with low carbon". The following practices do not conform to the above concept is ()
A. try to travel by public transportation.
B. Demolition of inefficient small coal-fired power plants
C. Actively research and develop hydrogen fuel
D. Refuse to use substances containing carbon elements
4. The following understanding of carbon monoxide is wrong ()
A. carbon monoxide is flammable and can be used as fuel.
B. carbon monoxide is reducible and can be used to smelt metals.
C. putting a basin of water indoors can prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
D. the continuous movement of molecules can make carbon monoxide spread around.
5. Put the dry blue litmus test paper into CO2 gas, and the litmus test paper will not change color. When CO2 gas is introduced into the water dripping with litmus indicator, the solution turns red. After heating the solution for a period of time, it was found that the red color of the solution faded. After cooling to the initial temperature, CO2 is introduced again and the solution turns red again. What the above experimental phenomena can't explain is ()
A. carbon dioxide can react chemically with water.
B. the aqueous solution of carbon dioxide is acidic.
Heating can weaken the acidity of CO2 aqueous solution.
D. carbon dioxide is acidic.
6. The following explanation of some facts is wrong ()
7. When selecting the collection method of gas preparation in the laboratory, the following attributes are: ① color;
② density; ③ solubility; ④ Flammability; (5) can react with water, must consider is ().
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.③④⑤ D.②③⑤
8. Using the device as shown in the figure, the gas can be produced in the laboratory ().
A. oxygen is produced by ① and ③.
B, preparing carbon dioxide from ② and ③.
C, preparing oxygen through ② and ④.
D, preparing carbon dioxide through ① and ⑤.
Fill in the blanks and answer short questions (this question includes 4 small questions)
9. Carbon and carbon compounds are very important substances.
The structural diagram of (1) carbon atom is that the nuclear charge number of carbon atom is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) There are many simple substances of carbon. In the simple carbon with the following structure, the molecule is _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in the option number).
(3) The "low carbon" highlight of the Shanghai World Expo is mainly to reduce _ _ _ _ _ gas emissions.
On June 5th, 10.20 1 1, the theme of World Environment Day was "* * * Build an ecological civilization * * * Enjoy a green future". It aims to convey the concept of low-carbon life and raise public awareness of environmental protection. This theme advocates reducing carbon dioxide emissions and a lifestyle with low energy consumption, thus reducing air pollution and slowing down ecological deterioration.
(1) Everything has two sides, and carbon dioxide is also widely used in life and production. For example:
(1) To be a fire extinguishing agent in daily life, carbon dioxide with density greater than air and _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Industrial preparation of soda ash with carbon dioxide as raw material. Please write the method for detecting CO32- in soda ash: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can produce oxygen through photosynthesis of plants. Please write down the chemical reaction equation: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 1. Use the device shown in the figure to study the relationship between adsorption capacity of activated carbon and temperature change. Adding NH _ 4NO _ 3 solid into water and stirring, it was observed that the height of liquid level rising in the glass tubes on both sides was different.
(1) Due to the pressure of the gas in the test tube (fill in "increase" or "decrease"), the liquid level in the glass tube rises.
(2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) The gas adsorption capacity of activated carbon increases with the increase of temperature.
12.A, B, C, D and E are common substances in junior middle school chemistry, in which A is a black solid. The transformation relationship is as shown in the figure:
(1) The chemical formula of A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the chemical formula of B is _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) If C is an insoluble calcium salt, write the chemical equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from E to D.
(3) In all the transformation chemical reactions shown in the figure, the basic reaction type that must not be included is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ reaction.
Third, the experiment and inquiry questions (this question contains 2 small questions)
13. As shown in the figure, calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid in the laboratory to prepare carbon dioxide and verify its properties. Try to answer the following questions according to the requirements of the topic:
(1) The name of instrument A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The chemical equation of the reaction in device A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the phenomenon observed in device C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) In device D, it is observed that the lower candle goes out first and the upper candle goes out later, indicating that the density of carbon dioxide is greater than that of air, so it cannot burn or support combustion. So carbon dioxide can be used in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) When using device E to collect carbon dioxide in the laboratory, carbon dioxide should be introduced from _ _ _ _ (fill in "end C" or "end D").
14. A chemical interest group explored the principle, method and characteristics of gas production by using the device shown in the figure. Answer the following questions with the equipment diagram:
(1) Write the names of the marking instruments in the drawing: a_______, B _ _ _ _ _.
(2) When hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide are used to produce oxygen, the optional generator is _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in the letter in the figure), and the device C can be selected to collect oxygen because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) Ammonia gas (NH3) is usually prepared by heating ammonium chloride solid and alkali lime solid in the laboratory, and the selected generator is _ _ _ _ _ _ (mapping).
(4) The team designed an experimental device as shown in the figure, which can be used to make gas and explore the properties of substances.
(1) When K 1 is turned on and K2 is turned off, the experiment that can be conducted is _ _ _ _ _ (fill in the blanks with letters).
A. reacting marble with dilute hydrochloric acid to prepare carbon dioxide
B, zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to prepare hydrogen.
② When K2 is turned on and K 1 is turned off, devices I and III can generate CO2, and their properties can be verified. The chemical equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide in the laboratory is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; In order to prove that carbon dioxide can react with water, you should add _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the water in the beaker.
Fourth, the calculation problem (this question includes 1 small question)
15. Calcium is an essential element to maintain the normal function of human body. The right picture shows
Part of the explanation of calcium supplement "calcium tablets" Take 1 calcium tablet.
Erqi, putting it into a beaker filled with10g of dilute hydrochloric acid, wherein calcium carbonate
It only reacts completely with hydrochloric acid (other components do not react with hydrochloric acid). burn
The mass of the substance in the cup becomes11.34g. ..
Trial calculation:
(1) The mass of calcium carbonate in each tablet.
(2) Taking this calcium supplement, everyone can get high-quality calcium every day.
(3) The mass fraction of solute in the dilute hydrochloric acid used.
Answer analysis
1. Analyze and select one. Although diamond, graphite and C60 are all simple substances composed of carbon elements, their physical properties are very different because of the different arrangement of carbon atoms. Among them, graphite is conductive, and diamond and C60 are not. Diamond is hard and graphite is soft, so A is incorrect. B and d are correct; C and C60 only contain carbon, so they are simple substances.
2. choose C. charcoal is a black solid, not a light and transparent solid.
3. analyze and choose D. advocating low-carbon life means reducing carbon dioxide emissions, not refusing to use carbon-containing substances.
4. choose C. because CO is insoluble in water and does not react with water, even if the water is discharged indoors, gas poisoning cannot be prevented. The best way is to keep the room ventilated.
5. Choose D. Put the dry blue litmus test paper into carbon dioxide gas, and the litmus test paper will not change color, indicating that carbon dioxide is not acidic. When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, litmus indicator can turn red, indicating that carbon dioxide reacts with water to generate an acidic substance. When the solution is heated, the red color gradually fades, indicating that the acidity gradually weakens.
6. choose C. coke to reduce iron from iron oxide, indicating that coke is reducing and iron oxide is oxidizing.
7. Analysis and selection D. When selecting the gas collection method, we can determine whether to exhaust gas upwards or downwards according to the relationship between the density of gas and the size of air. It is also possible to determine whether the gas can be collected by drainage method according to its water solubility and chemical reaction with water. So choose D.
8. Choose C. When making oxygen in the laboratory, ① if the potassium chlorate method is heated, ② if the mixture of hydrogen peroxide solution and manganese dioxide is used, it can be used as the generator; Because oxygen is denser than air and insoluble in water, it can be collected by ④ or ⑤ device, so A is incorrect and C is correct. Because carbon dioxide is denser than air and soluble in water, it cannot be collected by ③ or ⑤, and B and D are incorrect.
9. Analysis (1) The number in the circle in the schematic diagram is the proton number, that is, the nuclear power charge number; (2) Diamond and graphite are directly composed of carbon atoms, and C60 is composed of molecules; (3) "Low-carbon" life refers to reducing CO2 emissions in work and life, and developing good habits of energy conservation and environmental protection.
A: (1)6 (2)C (3)CO2 (or carbon dioxide)
10. Analysis (1)CO2 can be used to put out fires, except because its density is higher than that of air, and because it does not burn, it generally does not support combustion; When testing carbonate ions, substances containing carbonate ions are often used to react with acidic solutions to generate CO2, which can clarify the turbidity of limewater. (2) When preparing O2 in the laboratory, the mixture of hydrogen peroxide solution and manganese dioxide can react at room temperature, or the method of heating potassium permanganate solid or the mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide can be adopted. The answer is not unique, but reasonable and correct.
Answer: (1)① No combustion, combustion is not supported.
(2) A small amount of soda ash is taken to prepare a solution, and a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid is added. If the gas that can make the clarified limewater turbid is generated, it is proved that it contains CO32-
(2) 2h2o 2 = = 2h2o+O2 ↑ (other reasonable answers are acceptable)
1 1. The analysis shows that the liquid level in the glass tubes on both sides is higher than that in the beaker, indicating that the air pressure in the two test tubes decreases; From the meaning of the title, adding NH4NO3 solid to the water in the beaker will reduce the air pressure in the test tube. The liquid level on the side with activated carbon is high, which means that activated carbon can absorb more gas at this time, while NH4NO3 solid dissolves in water, which lowers the temperature of water, indicating that the ability of activated carbon to absorb gas increases with the decrease of temperature.
Answer: (1) decrease (2) absorption (3) decrease.
12. Analysis: A is a black solid, which can react with oxygen to generate two different substances, so A is C, which can completely burn to generate CO2, incompletely burn to generate CO, and can also react with oxygen, so B is CO, E is CO2, and C is insoluble calcium salt, so C is CaCO3, and D and D are H2CO3. The conversion of carbon into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is a compound reaction.
Answer: (1) CCO (2) CO2+H2O = = H2CO3 (3) substitution.
13. Analysis (1) The name of instrument A is long-necked funnel. In device A, calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the chemical equation is CaCO3+2HCl = = = CaCl2+CO2 =+H2O+H2O. CO2 can react with water to generate carbonic acid, which can turn purple litmus test solution red. (2) Because the density of carbon dioxide is greater than that of air, it can neither burn nor help combustion, so it can be used to put out fires in life; (3) The density of carbon dioxide is greater than that of air, and it will sink at the bottom of the bottle after entering the gas container, so it should be introduced from the C end to exhaust the air in the bottle.
Answer: (1) long-necked funnel CaCO3+2HCl = = = CaCl2+CO2 ↑+H2O+H2O litmus test solution turns red.
(2) Fire extinguishing (3) End C
14. Analysis (1) Look at the picture, A is the alcohol lamp, and B is the conical flask. (2) Hydrogen peroxide is liquid and manganese dioxide is solid, so the reaction does not need heating, so the generator is selected as B; Because the density of oxygen is greater than that of air, oxygen can be collected by exhausting air upward. (3) The reactants for ammonia production are two kinds of solids, which need to be heated, so the generator is selected as A..(4) (1). When K 1 is on and K2 is off, the collection mode of device II is downward exhaust, so it can be used to collect hydrogen. ② There is no phenomenon that carbon dioxide reacts with water, so purple litmus test solution can be added to the beaker, because carbonic acid generated by the reaction of carbon dioxide with water can make purple litmus test solution turn red. Use this phenomenon to verify that carbon dioxide and water really react.
Answer: (1) alcohol lamp conical flask (2)B The density of oxygen is greater than that of air.
(3) A (4)1B2CaCO3+2HCl = = CaCl2+H2O+CO2 = litmus purpurea test solution.
15. Analysis This topic belongs to trademark information analysis. According to the meaning of the question, the mass of 1 calcium carbonate tablet is 2.0g. According to the law of conservation of mass, it can be concluded that the mass of carbon dioxide generated by the reaction of a calcium carbonate tablet with hydrochloric acid is 2g+10g-1.34g = 0.66g; Based on this, the mass of calcium carbonate in 1 flake calcium carbonate and the mass of hydrogen chloride in 10 g hydrochloric acid can be calculated by chemical equations. Because everyone eats two calcium tablets every day, the quality of calcium can be calculated according to the quality of calcium carbonate contained in them.
Solution: (1) Let the mass of calcium carbonate in each calcium carbonate tablet be X and the mass of solute in hydrochloric acid be Y.
According to the law of conservation of mass, we can know that the mass of carbon dioxide produced is:
2g+10/0g-11.34g = 0.66g.
CaCO3+2HCl====CaCl2+CO2↑+H2O
100 73 44
X y 0.66 g
100: 44 = x: 0.66g 73: 44 = y: 0.66g.
X =1.5g y =1.095g.
(2) The mass of calcium in each calcium tablet is:
1.5g××100% = 0.6g.
According to the calculation of "1 tablet, twice a day", the calcium intake per person per day is 0.6 g× 2 =1.2 g.
(3) The mass fraction of solute in hydrochloric acid is:1.095g10g×100% =10.95%.
A: A little.
Answer: (1)1.5g (2)1.2g (3)10.95%.