In half a month’s time, the 2022 Junior Economist Examination will officially take place. Are all the candidates already confident about the subjects they are applying for and ready to take the exam? The following content is an analysis of the 2022 test points for the Junior Economist Examination "Agricultural Economics" that I have compiled for your reference and study. You are welcome to read it!
The basic laws and regulations related to agricultural quality standards include: "Standardization Law", "Product Quality Law", "Animal Epidemic Prevention Law", "Contract Law", "Environmental Protection Law", "Measurement Law", "Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine Law" (promulgated and implemented in 1991), "Import and Export Commodity Inspection Law", etc.
In terms of the quarantine system for animals and animal products:
(1) The animal quarantine supervision agency shall comply with national standards and industry standards, quarantine management measures and regulations stipulated by the animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department of the State Council. Quarantine objects: animals and animal products are subject to quarantine in accordance with the law.
(2) Animals and animal products must be quarantined at the place of origin by animal quarantine officers before they are sold or transported out of the place of production.
(3) The state implements designated slaughtering and centralized quarantine for pigs and other animals.
(4) For animals and animal products that have passed quarantine, a quarantine certificate will be issued by the animal epidemic prevention supervision agency, and the animal products will be stamped or sealed with an inspection mark used by the animal supervision agency.
(5) Animals can be sold, transported, exhibited, performed and competed with quarantine certificates. Animal products are sold and transported with quarantine certificates and inspection marks.
(6) Artificially captured wild animals that may spread animal diseases must be quarantined by the animal epidemic prevention supervision agency at the place of capture or acceptance before they can be sold and transported.
(7) Animal husbandry and veterinary administrative departments at all levels should strengthen the supervision and management of quarantine work.
In terms of entry and exit animal and plant quarantine systems:
(1) National animal and plant quarantine agencies and port animal and plant quarantine agencies regulate entry and exit animals and plants, animal and plant products, production and processing , storage process, implement quarantine supervision system. The agricultural administrative department of the State Council is responsible for the quarantine of incoming and outgoing animals and plants nationwide.
(2) Quarantine is required upon entry. Imported animals, plants, animal and plant products and other quarantine objects shall be quarantined at the port of entry.
(3) Quarantine is required when leaving the country.
(4) Those transporting animals, plants, animal and plant products and other quarantine objects across the border must hold a quarantine certificate issued by the exporting country or region, and report to the port animal and plant quarantine agency for inspection when entering the country. No more quarantine at ports
(5) Those who bring or mail plant seeds, seedlings and other propagating materials into the country must apply in advance and go through quarantine approval procedures. The country prohibits the entry of the following items: animal and plant pathogens, pests and other harmful organisms; relevant animals and plants, animal and plant products and other quarantine objects from countries and regions where animal diseases are prevalent; animal carcasses; soil.
Green food refers to pollution-free, safe and high-quality food that follows the principle of sustainable development, is produced according to specific production methods, and is recognized by a specialized agency and allowed to use the green food label.
1. Compared with ordinary food, green food has three significant characteristics:
First, it emphasizes that the product comes from a good ecological environment;
Second, it emphasizes the quality of the product Implement full-process quality control "from land to table";
Third, implement unified labeling and management of products in accordance with the law.
2. Laws and regulations for green food certification: "Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law", "Green Food Label Management Measures", "Green Food Inspector Registration Management Measures", "Green Food Enterprise Annual Inspection Work Specifications" wait.
(1) The green food standard system includes five major parts: environmental quality standards of origin, production technology standards, product standards, packaging and storage and transportation standards, and sampling and inspection standards. The "China Green Food Development Center" of the Ministry of Agriculture is a unified national green food certification and management organization.
(2) China Green Food Development Center has formulated a green food certification procedure based on the "Green Food Label Management Measures", which is mainly divided into eight processes: certification application; acceptance and document review; on-site inspection, product Sampling; environmental monitoring; product testing; certification audit; certification review; certificate issuance. All domestic enterprises with green food production conditions can apply for green food certification according to the procedures.
3. Application for certification
Applicants should apply to the China Green Food Development Center (hereinafter referred to as the Center) and the green food offices and green food development centers of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) where they are located (hereinafter referred to as the Center). (referred to as the Provincial Green Office) to collect the "Application Form for the Use of Green Food Logo", "Enterprise and Production Situation Questionnaire" and related information, or download it from the center's website. The applicant fills in and submits the "Application Form for the Use of Green Food Logo", "Enterprise and Production Situation Survey Form" and the following materials to the provincial green office:
(1) Statement to ensure the implementation of green food standards and specifications
(2) Production operating procedures (planting procedures, breeding procedures, processing procedures)
(3) The company’s quality control system for “base + farmers” (including contracts, base maps , base and farmer list, management system)
(4) Product implementation standards
(5) Product registered trademark text (copy)
(6) Enterprise business license (copy)
(7) Enterprise quality management manual
(8) Other required materials (if the system is certified, a copy of the certificate will be attached)
4. Product testing
The green food designated product monitoring agency will complete the testing within 20 working days after receiving the samples, product implementation standards, "Green Food Product Sampling List" and testing fees. , issue a product testing report, together with the completed "Green Food Product Testing Status Form", and submit it to the Central Certification Office, with a copy to the Provincial Green Office.
Contents of the Junior Economist Examination
"Basic Economic Knowledge"?: ***30 chapters, the content is divided into six modules, namely: basic economics, finance, currency and Finance, Statistics, Accounting, Law. The knowledge involved is extensive and the assessment is comprehensive.
"Professional Knowledge and Practice of Business Administration" ?:?***9 chapters, namely: overview of enterprises and their management, organizational structure of industrial and commercial enterprises, marketing management, production process organization, quality management, technology Transformation and new product development, employee recruitment and employee training, financial management, management information systems.
"Professional Knowledge and Practice of Human Resources Management": 14 chapters, namely: individual psychology and behavior, group psychology and behavior, work attitude and behavior, overview of human resources management, and job analysis , recruitment and selection, performance management, salary and benefit management, training and development, employee relationship management, labor legal relations, employment and vocational training, recruitment, labor standards and labor protection
"Financial Professional Knowledge and "Practice": Chapter 9, namely: currency and currency circulation, credit and interest, financial institutions, financial markets, capital and liabilities of commercial banks, assets and intermediary business of commercial banks, accounting of commercial banks, financial risks And financial supervision, international financial foundation
"Professional Knowledge and Practice of Fiscal and Taxation"?:?***10 chapters, namely: the concept and function of finance, the theory and content of fiscal expenditure, overview of fiscal revenue, Basic knowledge of taxation, goods and services tax system, income tax system, other tax systems, government non-tax revenue, public debt, government budget management
"Professional Knowledge and Practice of Construction and Real Estate Economics"?:?*** 10 chapters, namely: construction industry and construction market, real estate industry and real estate market, basic system of project construction management, construction project investment decision analysis and approval, construction project implementation organizational model, construction project quality management, construction project cost management, construction project Progress management, construction project safety production and environmental management, construction project management informatization