. chic/112112a5 imperial examination system for selecting talents is a very important system for selecting officials in the history of China. It doesn't ask about family background, and it doesn't need to be recommended. It mainly depends on the examination results, which embodies the principles of open examination, equal competition and merit-based admission, and has more progressive significance and positive role than the World Youth League system and the supervisory system. This was particularly prominent in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Through the imperial examination system, the scope of selecting officials was expanded, the overall structure of officials was changed, the quality of officials was improved, and a large number of ruling talents with outstanding talents were selected. The far-reaching imperial examination system is helpful to resolve social contradictions and maintain social stability; At the same time, it promotes the mobility among all social strata, thus stimulating social vitality and promoting social progress. The imperial examination also promoted the development of cultural education and the popularization of culture. In addition, because the imperial examination system embodied the principles of openness, justice and fairness, it spread to Japan, Korea and Vietnam, and played a great role in the establishment of the western civil service system. The principles and some methods of openness, justice and fairness in imperial examinations are also enlightening and useful for today's examinations. Higher educational level In ancient China, the sources of state officials were mainly as follows: rewarding officials, recommending officials, taking officials in imperial examinations, leaving officials by petty officials, supplementing officials by military service, and buying officials by recruiting them. Among them, the imperial examination system mainly selects officials through examinations to improve their quality. Therefore, officials from the imperial examination system generally have a relatively high cultural level and pay more attention to the overall interests of all social strata and the long-term development of the ruling class, thus improving the efficiency of governing the country. Breaking the monopoly of official career, the imperial examination system opened the state power to all social strata, completely broke the monopoly of official career by aristocratic families, and promoted the upward and downward flow of social strata. Through the imperial examination, the court can select outstanding talents from all social strata to govern the country. This is beneficial to expanding the social foundation of rule, maintaining social stability and even social development. Conducive to political and social development In fact, the ancient rulers of China did select a large number of outstanding talents for practical use through the imperial examination, which played a positive role in political, economic, cultural and social development. For example, Yao Chong, Lu Zhi, Pei Du, Zhang Jiuling, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty; Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Su Song, Zhang Dun, Li Gang, Yu Yunwen and Zhen Dexiu in the Song Dynasty were all born in the imperial examination. Many of them were born in poverty, such as Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty, who were able to set foot on their official careers only by virtue of the imperial examination. Bao Zheng and Wang Anshi's parents were only officials to the county magistrate, and it was difficult for them to dominate, participate in national politics and play an important role in history without passing the imperial examination. One of the purposes of selecting scholars in the imperial examination is to win over scholars all over the world. Legend has it that Emperor Taizong once boarded the main entrance of the palace privately, and when he saw the Jinshi filed out, he said happily, "enter into my snare is a hero in the world! Innovative system to win over scholars In order to win over scholars, the Imperial Examination in the Song Dynasty also established a system of "special playing names": all juren who passed the examination and passed the provincial examination or palace examination came last, after accumulating a certain number of names and ages, they can still be given special names by the Ministry of Ritual without the examination and provincial examination, and directly participate in palace examination, and they will be awarded titles such as birth, literature, teaching assistant, etc. The imperial examination has made the number of scholars surge, and the imperial examination has gradually become the main way to select officials (especially middle and senior officials). Reading → imperial examination → being an official has also become a shortcut for people to rise in the official career, which has stimulated people's enthusiasm for diligent study, so the number of scholars has risen sharply. The Song Dynasty's Poems and Essays on Encouraging Learning say, "Young children need to study hard, and articles can stand on their feet. Zhu Zigui was full of scholars. ""the son Huang Jinbao, how to teach once? Name book Jin Zhou, Zhu Zizuo's court. It fully reflected the mentality that people were studying to be officials at that time. In order to meet the needs of the imperial examination, central official schools, local official schools, local academies and various rural private schools have been developing continuously. For example, in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were three times to promote learning. In Song Huizong, there were 3,8 Taiwanese students and more than 167, national official students. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all kinds of schools became more developed. In the 12th year of Yongle (1422), there were nearly 1, students in imperial academy. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 4, instructors in government, state and county schools, and there were probably millions of students in government, state and county schools and private schools. With the increasing demand for books, the popularization of culture, the increase in the number of students and the development of school education, the demand for books such as classics, history, philosophers and collections has also increased greatly. The development of block printing and the invention of movable type printing, as well as the improvement of papermaking technology, have enabled a large number of books to be printed and widely distributed, thus greatly promoting the popularization of culture. China's imperial examination system was the most advanced system for selecting officials in the world at that time, which had a great influence on many countries in East Asia.

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history: among the traditional cultural resources in China, the imperial examination system is undoubtedly an important cultural heritage. China's imperial examination system is a basic system for selecting officials by examination in the history of China. He originated in the Han Dynasty, founded in the Sui Dynasty, established in the Tang Dynasty, completed in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, abolished in the late Qing Dynasty, and experienced Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to historical records, it lasted for 1,3 years from the time when the imperial examinations were held in the first year of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (65) to the official abolition in the thirty-first year of Guangxu (195). In the long 13-year imperial examination, there were more than 7 top scholars, 11, scholars and millions of juren (there are countless scholars). After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, almost every intellectual had an indissoluble bond and close relationship with the imperial examination, and few historical celebrities had never participated in the imperial examination. In the history of China, most famous ministers, celebrities, politicians, thinkers, writers, artists, scientists, diplomats, military strategists who are good at governing the country and keeping the country safe, and those who have made outstanding contributions come from top scholars, scholars and juren. Open to different professions, fair: the imperial examination system precedes foreign countries-judging from the development history of the official selection system in ancient China, compared with the inspection and requisition system in the Han Dynasty and the nine-product system in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the imperial examination system established by the Sui Dynasty established the principle of * * * to take the examination and candidates are free to apply for the examination, with almost no restrictions on identity, class and occupation, which expanded the scope of candidates and reflected the open characteristics of the imperial examination. The openness of the imperial examination system has broken through the monopoly of blood relationship on political power, giving the broad masses of lower class people the opportunity to become officials, reflecting a spirit of equality. In order to ensure this formal equality, the imperial examinations are based on the principle of "everything is decided by Cheng Wending", and the candidates are selected according to their merits through open competition; In order to achieve justice, * * * has also formulated a set of detailed and strict examination rules to prevent deviant behavior, such as locking the courtyard to prevent missing questions, searching to prevent entrainment, invigilating to prevent peeking, pasting the name to prevent joints, separating the inside and outside curtains to prevent collusion and cheating, re-examining after the game to prevent impersonation, and avoiding the examiner system to prevent malpractice. The formal equality and fairness of the imperial examination system sent every "Tian Shelang" the illusion of "going to the Emperor's Hall at dusk", opened a ladder for the grassroots of society to ascend to heaven, dredged an institutional channel for the flow of talents among all social strata, increased the mobility within society, dispelled the unstable factors within society, adapted to the political needs of feudal society, and became the fundamental institutional guarantee for the stable existence of the feudal system in China for more than 1, years. The imperial examination system is the most pioneering and equal system for selecting official talents in the history of China and the world, and it is the inevitability and a great progress in the history of human society. Therefore, Dr. HGCreel, a famous American sinologist, believes that "China's contribution to world culture goes far beyond the invention of papermaking and gunpowder. The modern civil service system under the unified management of the central government constitutes the characteristics of our times in a larger scope, and the imperial examination system in China has played an important role in establishing a modern civil service system. It can be clearly said that this is China's greatest contribution to the world. " Known as China's "fifth invention". As a product of Chinese civilization, the imperial examination system is an examination system with world influence. Influenced by China culture, some neighboring countries in history, such as Japan, North Korea, Viet Nam, etc., also set up the imperial examination system in their own countries. The civil service selection system in modern western society and the contemporary educational examination system all come from this and have been in use ever since. Influence China Customs: After a system is formed, even if you abolish it, its lasting influence will permeate all aspects of society, especially social customs. The imperial examination still has an important influence on the customs of modern society. The popularity of cultural customs in imperial examination is spontaneous, and some imperial examination customs can be transformed into new folk customs, such as the Mid-Autumn Festival "Bo Cake" custom popular in Xiamen, Taiwan Province and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. "to be no.1" is still the dream of modern students. "Being the best" inspires the high morale of the players on the field, and "falling out of Sun Shan" makes many candidates lose their motivation. A number of raw cultures, such as the unique "champion culture" derived from the imperial examination system, are enduring among the people and increasingly show strong cultural vitality. As the saying goes, "36 lines, each line is the best." A series of "champion culture" idioms, such as "champion in college entrance examination" and even "champion in raising pigs", have become vivid oral expressions in contemporary society. There are also many special foods named after the champion, such as "champion rice", "champion cake", "champion tea" and "Zhuangyuanhong", which have caused many commercial wars. The word "Wenquxing", which evolved from the imperial examination culture, was actually packaged as an intangible asset of electronic dictionary brand worth hundreds of millions of yuan by modern society. The imperial examination culture, a potential traditional cultural resource, is attracting more and more businessmen's attention, and some smart businessmen have dug the first pot of gold for their own business. Modern tourism development: (1), Beijing Shuntian Gongyuan (2), Nanjing Jiangnan Gongyuan (3), Shanghai Jiading China Imperial Examination Museum (4), Hebei Dingzhou Gongyuan (5), Sichuan Langzhong Imperial Examination Cultural Street (6), Ningbo Cicheng "Tianxia Jinshi City" (7), Beijing Mentougou "China' Jin". mod=space& uid=43767& do=blog& id=346447