The legend of Li Bai

Li Bai (701-762 AD), also known as Taibai, was a native of Zhangming County, Mianzhou, Sichuan. He was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country. Most of his poems It reflected the magnificent natural scenery of the motherland, expressed his love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland and his pursuit of freedom, and made a sharp criticism of the political corruption at that time.

The storybook of "An Iron Pestle Grinded into a Needle" goes like this: It is said that Li Bai did not study hard when he was a child and stopped reading halfway. One day, I saw an old woman grinding an iron rod on the road and said that she wanted to grind it into needles. Li Bai was moved by this, and he studied hard from then on, and finally made great achievements. This is the story of "an iron pestle ground into a needle".

Li Bai seeks a teacher

In his later years, Li Bai was very frustrated politically. He traveled back and forth between Xuancheng, Nanling, Shexian (in Anhui Province), quarrying, etc. with a depressed mood. There, he wrote poems, drank wine, and roamed famous mountains and rivers.

One morning, as usual, Li Bai was buying wine in a hotel on the streets of She County. Suddenly, he heard someone in the firewood store next door asking: "Old man, how can you choose at such a young age?" There is so much firewood, where do you live?"

The answer was a hearty laugh. Then, someone was heard reciting a poem loudly:

"I sold out in the morning with a negative salary, and returned to the west after selling wine.

May I ask where my home is? Go through the clouds and into the green sky!"

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Li Bai was surprised when he heard this. Who is this? He recited such a touching poem casually! He asked the bartender, and the bartender told him: This is an old man named Xu Xuanping. He hates the government, sees through the world, and lives in seclusion in the mountains, but no one knows which mountain he lives in. Recently, he often travels to this area. Every day at dawn, he can be seen carrying firewood into the town, with flower ladles and bent bamboo sticks hanging on the firewood load. After selling firewood, he would drink wine, and when he was drunk, he would recite poems. He would recite poems as he walked. People passing by thought he was crazy.

Li Bai thought to himself: Isn’t this the same “poetic maniac” as himself? He immediately turned around and went out, and saw the old man getting on the small bridge on the street. Although his steps were difficult, Li Bai couldn't catch up no matter how hard he tried.

After catching up with the small bridge, passing through the bamboo forest, and bypassing the river branches (bifurcations of the river), Li Bai was so tired that he was panting, his back and legs ached. When he calmed down, he saw that the old man had disappeared. Li Bai paused and sighed, "Could it be that I really met an immortal!"

He picked up his robe and rushed for another journey, but still didn't see the old man, so he had to come back disappointed.

That night, Li Bai couldn't sleep. He recalled that for most of his life, except for Du Fu, he had not made a few real poetry friends. I didn't expect to meet such a poetic fairy today. I can't miss the opportunity and must find him!

The next day, Li Bai waited at the entrance of the firewood store until sunset, but there was no sign of the old man.

On the third and fourth days, every day failed.

Early on the fifth day, Li Bai picked up the wine flask and set out on the road with dry food. He made the utmost determination that if he could not find the old man, he would die in the mountains and forests here.

After climbing over hills full of wild flowers, wading through fast-flowing streams, and pushing through thickets of thorns, there was still no sign of the old man for more than a month. Li Bai was a little discouraged. At this moment, he recalled the mother-in-law he met when he was a boy who used an iron pestle to grind needles. Her mother-in-law said it well: "As long as you have determination, an iron pestle can be ground into a needle." If you want to find the old man, it depends on whether you have perseverance. La. Thinking of this, Li Bai tightened his belt, gritted his teeth, and walked forward again. When you are tired, lie down on the rocks and sleep for a while; when you are hungry, pick a handful of wild fruits to satisfy your hunger; when you are addicted to alcohol, you will hold a wine flask and take a sip.

At dusk that day, the sunset dyed the sky red. The clear spring and green bamboo set off each other, making it look particularly beautiful. Li Bai was thinking about the old man so much that he didn't care to appreciate the scenery. He dragged his tired body and limped to the foot of Ziyang Mountain near Huangshan Mountain. Turning around the mountain pass, I saw a huge stone standing in front of me, with words seemingly engraved on it. Li Bai forgot about his fatigue, jumped forward, and recognized it carefully, oh, it turned out to be a poem:

"Living in seclusion for thirty years, building a house on the top of the southern mountain.

Playing with the bright moon in the quiet night, Drink the blue spring at leisure.

The woodcutter sings on the ridge, and the grain birds play in front of the rock.

I am so happy that I don’t know how old I am, and I have forgotten the year of Jiazi. "

After reading it three times in a row, Li Bai cried out: "Wonderful! Wonderful! What a fairy voice! "I thought: When I see the old man, I must bow to him three times and ask him for advice. Although I have been dealing with poetry for decades, this poem that exudes the fragrance of wild flowers is really the first time I appreciate it.

He turned around and saw a pile of rice spread out on the ground beside the cliff. It seemed that it must have been dried by the old man Xu Xuanping. Li Bai simply squatted aside and admired the scenery in the mountains while waiting for the old man to harvest the rice. .

It was getting dark, and Li Bai suddenly heard the sound of water splashing from the bottom of the mountain. He followed the sound and saw a small boat coming from the other side of the river at the bottom of the mountain. An old man with flowing beard and hair was standing on the boat. Li Bai stepped forward and asked, "Excuse me, old man, where is Xu Xuanping's home?" ”

It turned out that this old man was the old man Xu Xuanping that Li Bai was looking for. Last time he saw Li Bai wearing a royal robe, he thought that he was sent by the officials to find him as an official again, so he never visited him again. I wish to go to She County. Unexpectedly, this person followed him. At this time, the old man glanced at Li Bai, pointed to the boat fence, and replied casually: "The bamboo pole at the door is Xu Weng's house!"

Li Bai raised his eyes and looked at the lush mountains, and asked again: "There are green bamboos everywhere, where can I find them?" "

The old man looked at the dusty and sweaty guest again, and asked: "Are you..."

"I am Li Bai. "As he spoke, he bowed deeply.

The old man was stunned: "Are you Li Bai? Li Bai is you?

Li Bai quickly explained his purpose.

When the old man heard this, he cupped his hands and said, "Oh, you are the poet of today!" I am nothing but a drop of water in the sea of ??poetry. Why do you, the ocean, come to ask for advice from a drop of water? You really don’t dare to take it, you don’t dare to take it! "After that, he picked up the boat and started to go back.

Li Bai grabbed the old man's sleeve and begged: "Old man, it's been three months. I've been looking for you everywhere through thick and thin. , I finally met the teacher, why don’t you just send me back like this? "

Li Bai's sincere words touched the old man's heart. The two looked at each other for a long time, and the old man suddenly grabbed Li Bai and jumped into the boat.

From then on, no matter in the sky, In the morning glow, or in the afterglow of the setting sun, people often see Li Bai and the old man sitting on the big bluestone by the stream, drinking and chanting poems. The loud laughter merges with the noise of the waterfall, flowing with the stream. Together they were sent hundreds of miles away...

To this day, many tourists always like to follow the gurgling streams to trace Li Bai's journey when they arrive in Huangshan.

Saw it. After passing Hutou Rock, under Mingxian Spring, there is a huge stone engraved with the word "Drunken Stone". Legend has it that Li Bai and the old man used to enjoy the mountain scenery here, drink and recite poems. It is used to wash wine cups, so this spring is called "Washing Cup Spring"

Collected by Rong Lin

Li Taibai jumps over the moon

There is a spring in front of the Confucius Temple in Nanjing. Wende Bridge. I heard from the elders that when the moon shines on the 15th day of the winter lunar month, if you stand on the bridge and look towards the water, the shadow of the moon reflected in the water will be divided into two halves: half on this side of the bridge and half on the other side. .

Why does the round moon shadow split into two halves?

It is said that the great poet Li Taibai of the Tang Dynasty once came to Jinling (now Nanjing). , resting in a restaurant next to Wende Bridge. It happened to be the fifteenth day of the winter lunar month. At night, he sat alone in the restaurant and admired the moon, while drinking and reciting poems. Li Taibai loved the moon most in his life. The moon was clean and beautiful. That night, he looked up and saw the white and round moon in the sky. He was very happy and drank a few more glasses. At midnight, Li Taibai took advantage of the wine and went downstairs to the Wende Bridge. Walking onto the bridge, he lowered his head and suddenly saw the moon falling into the water. When the river moved, a few black lines appeared on the white moon shadow. Li Taibai was drunk at this time, so he thought it was the moon that was stained by the river water. He didn't even bother to take off his boots, he opened his hands and jumped off the bridge to catch the moon.

Unexpectedly, with this jump, the moon was not caught, but the moon in the water was shattered, and it was immediately divided into two halves. ——The story is passed down like this. Later, people built a "de platform" next to Wende Bridge. It is said that this is the place where the great poet Li Taibai admired the moon.

Collected by Zhang Zichun and Du Guozhen

Taibai Restaurant

One year, winter had just arrived and the cold was blowing. Li Bai, who lived in Caishiji, often went to a hotel on the street to buy wine and drink. This shop was opened by a wealthy man named Lu, and people called him Boss Lu. Even though Boss Lu is nice to people on the surface, he is ruthless in his heart! The few bartenders (guests in the hotel) he used were all hunched over from exhaustion, and in the end, they were all kicked out by him.

On this day, Li Bai walked into the hotel again. Boss Lu, who was lying on the chair, twirled his beard, squinted his eyes, and looked at Li Bai with a smile. He thought to himself that this poor poet writer had been away from Kyoto for a few years, and the money he brought had probably been spent. I remember that when Li Bai entered the store for the first time, he greeted him with a smile. From now on, he would come and go frequently, but he probably couldn't squeeze much profit out of it, and his face became uglier each time. He hinted the little bartender to ignore Li Bai, but the bartender poured wine for Li Bai enthusiastically: before leaving, he also poured a large pot of fine wine for Li Bai. This time, nothing can be done to take advantage of Li Bai! He stood up, walked to Li Bai's side, and said aloud: "The eaves of the shop are too low and the wine pool is too shallow to withstand the Imperial Academy. Service.) Such a big wine pot!"

Li Bai knew that the money he gave last time was enough to buy a few drinks, but looking at Boss Lu's appearance now, he didn't want to argue with him, so he took it from his arms. He took out the last ingot of silver and threw it on the counter, "pop"! Boss Lu was so shocked that his eyes were dazzled, and the dark clouds on his face immediately dissipated, and a smile emerged: "You can't see the bottom of the river. I didn't expect that Li Hanlin still has so much money for drinks." He turned around and told the bartender: "Quick, ask for money from the adults. !"

Li Bai waved his sleeves: "Forget it, don't look for it, come back next time!" Boss Lu narrowed his eyes and kept saying: "Yes, yes!"

At dusk the next day, Li Bai came again, and the bartender filled another pot of wine for him. On the third and fourth days, Li Bai came once a day. Boss Lu was very impatient. He calculated the money Li Bai left behind and found that it would be almost enough for another month, so he dismissed the bartender with sweet words and secretly poured wine into Li Bai's wine bottle. Add water inside.

Li Bai took a few sips and felt that the taste was not strong, so he didn’t say anything. Every time he came here from now on, Boss Lu always pretended to be particularly enthusiastic and poured wine for Li Bai himself, but secretly doubled the water. Day after day, Li Bai acted as if nothing had happened. Later, Boss Lu simply gave Li Bai a full pot of cold water. Li Bai thought it was wine, so he happily returned to the boat, picked up the jug and poured it into the cup. When he smelled it, it tasted wrong; he took a sip and spat it out! At first glance, I realized that it was turbid and muddy river water. He was furious and wanted to talk to the shop owner to reason with him. Then I thought, I have no business talking to this kind of person! But this is the only hotel in Caishiji area. Asking him for alms is even more unacceptable! Even in front of the emperor, Li Bai didn't want to be humble, let alone to such a villain who has money in front of him and cares about money in the back!

It was late at night, and he was tossing and turning unsteadily in sleep; he wanted to write some poetry, but couldn't. Over the years, wine has formed an indissoluble bond with him. After drinking a pot, he temporarily forgot his sorrow and saw the foggy world clearly. But now, in this desolate Caishijitou, even the only drink that can relieve his boredom is gone! "Li Bai's Hundred Poems on Drinking Wine", without wine, no poems can be written. He sighed and listened to the pattering of raindrops under the eaves, his heart almost breaking.

One day, while he was wandering along the river bank, he passed by a hut. An old man with all white temples nodded and smiled at him, and warmly invited him to sit in the house. As soon as he entered the door, the old man bowed to Li Bai: "Thank you for your life-saving benefactor!"

Li Bai stood blankly, not knowing what was going on. The old man told with tears: "My surname is Ji, and my hometown is Youzhou. There was a famine that year, and my wife and I took our children up the mountain to peel tree bark. Suddenly two big, eye-catching white-fronted tigers pounced on me and ate my wife. , my child and I were so frightened that my husband happened to wander there and shot two tigers to death with an arrow, so that my father and son escaped death.

Li Bai suddenly remembered after hearing this, and quickly helped the old man up and said: "It doesn't count, it doesn't count."

The old man said: "For many years, in order to repay my kindness, I have been following you secretly. Except when you were in Kyoto, I couldn't enter the palace, from Jinling to Luzhou, from Xuancheng to Caishi, I have been with you, fishing and collecting firewood. "

After hearing this, Li Bai burst into tears. He took the old man's hand, shook it, and asked kindly: "Is it a child?

The old man pointed: "Here, I'm helping in the hotel." "

Li Bai was about to tell the old man about Boss Lu using water as wine, but the old man interrupted him: "I have already listened to the child. What can't that person do? ! After that, he took out a large jar of wine from the house and said, "Come on, Immortal, please drink to your heart's content!" The old man patted his chest and said, "From now on, I, the old man, will take care of all the wine you drink!" "

Li Bai was so happy that he didn't know what to do. The alcohol addiction he had been holding back for many days suddenly came out. He couldn't wait for the old man to get the food, so he picked up the cup and drank it all in one gulp. Drink, drink. He was drunk. He squinted his drunken eyes and stumbled to the "Lianbi Terrace" outside the door, asking someone to get his pen. The old man knew that Li Bai Shixing was coming, and hurriedly delivered the prepared pen and ink paper to Li Bai and looked at the rolling river. The setting sun is like blood. I pick up my pen and write it with a swipe:

The Tianmen interrupts the opening of the Chu River, and the clear water flows eastward here.

The green mountains on both sides of the bank face each other, and a lonely sail comes to the side of the sun. .

The old man stretched out his trembling hand, picked up the still-stained cursive script, ran back to the hut, and respectfully posted it on the wall.

This is an ordinary room. The hut became lively. Passers-by, firewood collectors, and fishermen all wanted to come in and read the poems on the wall. Some copied them, some memorized them, and some passed them on to hundreds of people. I came here specifically to appreciate this poem. When someone asked who wrote it, the old man always gave a thumbs up and proudly said to everyone: "It is the handwriting of the poet Li Bai!" He wrote such a good poem only after drinking the wine I brewed! ”

As soon as I heard this, people from all over the world rushed here to sit down and drink a few cups, savoring the intoxicating wine and appreciating the artistic conception created by the poet... I don’t know. From that day on, the old man opened a hotel, day and night, in addition to making wine for Li Bai, he also used hard work to wash away the dust of travel for tourists.

From then on, the name of "Taibai Restaurant" became known. It came out.

The old man named Ji was very unhappy when he heard that the old man was good at brewing wine and his business was booming. In addition, the bartender also went to Taibai Restaurant, which made his hotel deserted. There were fewer and fewer customers, and he was so angry that he blew his beard and glared. After thinking about it, he had no choice but to ask the servants to bring a few large ingots and two jars of fine wine to visit Li Bai by the river in person. The purpose was to invite Li Bai. He also wrote a poem for himself to support his appearance.

Li Bai saw Boss Lu’s intention at a glance and waved his hand at him: “Your wine pool is too shallow to hold me in one sip. ! "After saying that, he raised his hand and asked the boatman to start the boat. With only a few pennies visible, the boat gently left the river bank and sailed towards the center of the river.

Boss Lu was as anxious as an ant on a hot pot, hoarse. He shouted with his throat: "Immortal, Immortal, please stop, you have something to say, easy to say!" "Running a few steps, he tripped over a stone and fell down on the beach with a "plop".

Soon, the Lu family hotel closed, but the business of Old Man Ji's "Taibai Restaurant" seemed to be booming day by day. One day.

A year later, the old man died of illness. Li Bai was so sad that he spilled wine into the Yangtze River, cried for three days and three nights, and wrote a poem in memory of the old man.

In Ji Sou’s Huangquan, we should still make wine.

Who can sell wine without Li Bai?

It can be seen how deep the friendship between Li Bai and the old wine maker is! >

For thousands of years, many large and small hotels along the Yangtze River have always used "Taibai Restaurant" and "Taibai Heritage" as their store names. They were written on cloth and placed under the front porch, showing their respect for the great poet Li Bai.

Collected and compiled by Rong Lin

Li Bai's poem "Ode to Peony in Agarwood Pavilion"

The famous poem "Ode to Peony in Agarwood Pavilion" by Li Bai, a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, has been used for thousands of years. It has always been recited by people.

It is said that one day Tang Xuanzong and Yang Gui were admiring peonies in Chenxiang Pavilion, and singer Li Guinian led a group of children to play music and sing. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty said to Li Guinian: "Appreciating famous flowers and beautiful concubines, how can you sing the old lyrics? Well, call Li Bai to write new lyrics." Li Guinian rushed to the famous restaurant on Chang'an Avenue to look for Li Bai. I was having a drink with a few literati and was already very drunk. When Li Guinian conveyed the imperial edict to him, he opened his drunken eyes slightly and fell asleep without paying any attention.

The imperial edict was unmistakable, so Li Guinian had no choice but to ask his entourage to drag Li Bai to the horse. When he arrived in front of the palace gate, he used several people to support him and push him in front of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty saw that Li Bai was so drunk, he asked his attendants to help him rest on the jade bed and ordered him to bring sobering soup. Concubine Yang asked someone to spray his face with cold water to soothe him. Li Bai lay on the jade bed and stretched out his feet to Gao Lishi, asking him to take off his boots. Gao Lishi had no choice but to squat down and take off his clothes. After a while of fussing, Li Bai woke up from his drunken dream. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked him to compose poems quickly to cheer him up. Li Bai smiled slightly, picked up the pen, and in less than one stick of incense, he had already written three poems of "Qingping Diao":

(1)

The clouds miss the clothes, the flowers miss the guests, The spring breeze blows on the threshold and the dew is strong.

If we hadn’t met at the top of the jade mountain, we would have met under the moonlight at Yaotai.

(2)

A branch of red dew is fragrant, and the clouds and rain in Wushan are in vain.

Who is similar to the Han Palace? Poor Feiyan relies on her new makeup.

(3)

Famous flowers make the whole country happy, and the king will look at them with a smile.

Explanation: The spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the Agarwood Pavilion leans against the railing in the north.

These three poems are composed of peony and Yang Guifei interacting together. The flower is the person, the person is the flower, and the human face and the flower light blend together, and they are both blessed by the emperor. From a structural point of view, the first poem is written from space and introduces the Moon Palace Langyuan. The second poem is written from time, introduced to the balcony of King Xiang of Chu and the court of Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty. The third song returns to reality and highlights the agarwood pavilion north of the Tang Palace. The first spring breeze and the third spring breeze echo each other from afar.

In the first sentence of the song, when I see the clouds, I think of the imperial concubine’s colorful feathers, and when I see the peonies, I think of the imperial concubine’s beautiful face. The next sentence is Revlon, further emphasizing the beauty of the peony flowers in the crystal dew, making the face more energetic. The next two sentences imagine ascending to the immortal worlds such as Qunyu Mountain, Yaotai, and Moon Palace where the Queen Mother lives. These scenery can only be seen there, which really compares Concubine Yang to a goddess descending to earth.

The second poem points out that King Xiang of Chu was heartbroken by the goddess in the middle, and that was the peerless beauty in front of him. Besides, Zhao Feiyan, the empress of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, also had to rely on new makeup. The beautiful and beautiful Concubine Yang there did not need makeup, she was all natural and stunning. Here, the goddess and Zhao Feiyan are put down to raise Concubine Yang.

The first and second sentences of the third poem combine Peony, Yang Fei and Xuanzong into one. The beauty who conquered the country should refer to Concubine Yang. The word "spring breeze" in the third sentence is the pronoun of the king.

Tang Xuanzong was very satisfied with this poem. Later generations fabricated the story that Gao Lishi felt humiliated because Li Bai ordered him to take off his boots, so he slandered Concubine Yang, saying that Li Bai used Feiyan's thinness to ridicule Yang Concubine's fatness. , It is unreliable to use Fei Yan's affair with Chi Feng to ridicule Yang Fei's lack of discipline in the palace.

Li Bai's fishing poems

It is said that Li Bai once went to the prime minister's house and reported his family background: "Li Bai is a fisherman on the sea." "What should we use as the hook?" Li Bai said, "Use the bright moon as the hook and the rainbow as the thread." The prime minister asked again, "What should I use as the bait?" Li Bai said loudly, "Just use the most unloyal scholar-official in the world." As bait." The prime minister couldn't help but feel horrified when he heard this. Thousands of years later, Su Dongpo commented that Li Bai "plays like a colleague, and treats his colleagues like grass and grass." Li Bai's chivalrous, courageous, and high-spirited fishing talk was vividly displayed in his magnificent fishing talk.

The Taibai Venus that enjoys the worldly world

Venus was called Taibai in ancient my country. When it appeared in the east in the morning, it was also called Qiming, Xiaoxing, and Mingxing. When it appeared in the west in the evening, it was also called Changgeng. , Evening Star. Because it is very bright and can arouse the imagination of the imaginative ancient Chinese people, there are many legends about it in our country.

In our country's native religion, Taoism, Taibai Jinxing can be said to be one of the core members, and his status is only lower than that of the Three Pure Ones (Tai Shang Laojun, Yuanshi Tianzun, and Tongtian Cult Leader).

The original Taoist Taibaijin Star God was a goddess wearing a yellow skirt and a cockscomb who played the pipa. After the Ming Dynasty, her image changed into a childlike and crane-haired old deity who often monitored the good and evil in the world on the orders of the Jade Emperor. She was called the Western Patrol make. In Chinese classical novels, the legendary story of Taibai Jinxing appears many times, which shows his popularity. In the popular "Journey to the West", Taibai Jinxing is a good old man who has dealt with Sun Wukong many times.

Among the many legends related to Venus, the most legendary one should be the story about Li Bai, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Bai's birth was unusual. His mother dreamed that Taibai Venus fell into her arms and he was born, so he was named Li Bai, with the courtesy name Taibai. When he grew up, Li Bai did have some "immortal spirit". He traveled around the world, learned Taoism and swordsmanship, was a good drinker and a knight, and was proud of the princes. His poems are as imaginative as "I want to go up to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon", and their momentum is like "the water of the Yellow River coming up from the sky", which no one can match. Li Bai enjoyed the reputation of "Exiled Immortal" during his time, and was later revered as "The Immortal in Poetry".

Tao Yuanming (365～427) was a poet, poet and prose writer in the Jin and Song Dynasties. A Qian, named Yuan Liang, privately named Jingjie. A native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Tao Yuanming was born into a declining official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He held the rank of Grand Sima, military commander of eight states, governor of two states in Jingjiang, and was granted the title of Duke of Changsha. Tao Yuanming's grandfather was a prefect, his father died early, and his mother was the daughter of Meng Jia, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming's life can be roughly divided into three periods.

The first period was before Tao Yuanming was 28 years old in the 17th year of Taiyuan (392), the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. Due to the early death of his father, he has lived in poverty since his youth. The second period, the academic period, lasted from the 18th year of Taiyuan when he was 29 years old to the 41st year of Jin'an Emperor Yixi's first year (405). The third period, the return to field period, lasted from the second year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (406) to the fourth year of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty (427) when Emperor Wen of Yuanjia died of illness. More than 20 years after returning to the field was his most creative period. There are currently 125 poems by Tao Yuanming in existence, including 9 four-character poems and 116 five-character poems. His four-character poems are not very good. His five-character poems can be roughly divided into two categories; one is the chanting poetry that inherits the tradition of lyrical expression since the Han and Wei dynasties and is developed, and the other is the pastoral poetry with few precedents. Tao Shi's artistic achievements have been praised since the Tang Dynasty, and are even regarded as the "fundamental criterion of poetry". More than 100 years after Tao Yuanming's death, Xiao Tong collected his posthumous writings, cataloged them separately, compiled 8 volumes of "Collected Works of Tao Yuanming", and wrote the preface and biography himself. Later, Yang Xiuzhi of the Northern Qi Dynasty added other editions of "Five Filial Biography" and "Four Eight Eyes" on the basis of Xiao's edition, and the preface was the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian". The Yang version in the late Sui Dynasty lost its preface and became a 9-volume version. After that, many other volumes were published, trying to compile it into 10 volumes. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Xiang republished the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian", which was the earliest published version of Tao's poems. None of the above books have been handed down. The earliest versions available today are several from the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty. The main ones include: two volumes of poems and essays collected by Zeng, published in the third year of Shaoxi's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a shadowed version of the Qing Dynasty; a 10-volume collection of Jiguge, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a printed version of the Qing Dynasty; an 8-volume collection of Jiao □, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a printed version Jiao's Ming translation, the 5 volumes of "Tao Ji" in today's "Seventy-two Collections of Han and Wei Dynasties" are also the Song version of Jiao's translation. In addition, there are also the "Poems of Mr. Dongpo and Tao Yuanming" published in the Song Dynasty and the large-character version written by Su in the Yuan Dynasty. The first person to annotate Tao's poems was Tang Han of the Southern Song Dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty, the number of annotations and commentaries increased day by day. In the early Yuan Dynasty, there are 10 volumes of Li Gonghuan's "Annotations on Tao Yuanming Collection": it is common to have photocopies of four series. In the Qing Dynasty, Tao Shu annotated 10 volumes of "Mr. Jingjie's Collection", which is available in the family journal version and the literary and ancient book publishing house typesetting version. The "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes" written by Gu Zhi in recent times is available in the "Yulou Series" version and the "Debingtang Five Kinds" version. The latter is called the "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes Final Edition".

Poems 1-50: Mingzi (10 poems) Two poems from the capital in the middle of the fifth month of the Gengzi year, but still blocking the wind in Guilin, and four poems written by Xin Chou on leave in the seventh month of the year of the Gengzi year and a night walk in Jiangling. Two poems written by Master Guo at the beginning of spring in Guimao and two poems nostalgic about ancient farmhouses to encourage farmers (six poems). Composed by Cao Huxi in the middle of the twelfth month of the year Cao Guimao and prefaced by his younger brother Jingyuan Tingyun (four poems). Fortune and fortune (four poems). Rongmu and wood (four poems). Beginning to compose the sutra of joining the army. Azuo. Drinking alone in the rain. In the third month of the year of Yisi. In the third month of the year, he joined the army in Jianwei. The capital passed through Qianxi and returned to the garden and fields. Five poems of returning to the birds ( Four poems)

Poems 51-100: Guizi encountered fire in the middle of June of the year of Wushen, and Liu Chaisang paid Liu Chaisang a favor. He got early rice in Xitian in the middle of September of the age of Xu. Shen has three poems to stop drinking and eight poems to stop drinking. In the middle of the eighth month of Bingchen's year, he was given to the farmhouse in Xia [氵淽]. Preface to the public (four poems) Rewarding Ding Chaisang

Poems 101-154: Everyone traveled to the Zhou family at dusk, complained about the poem under the cypress, Chu Tiao showed Master Pang's book, Deng Zhizhong was at the end of the year, and Zhang Changshi stayed idle for nine days. Seven poems about a poor man's trip to Xiechuan, nine ancient Peach Blossom Spring poems, and descriptions of drinking wine at Wang Fu's army seat to send guests off, reading "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", thirteen poems on La Ri, answering Pang joining the army, answering Pang joining the army, and preface (six poems). Three elegy poems about Jing Ke composed and prefaced by begging for food