If you understand the three attributes of color, you can match colors freely, and if you use five roles well, you can make the color matching fresh and clean. 1. Three attributes of color When we get lost, we will use a map or compass to measure the position at that time; When we are matching colors, we will use the three attributes of color to detect the position of color. So what are the three attributes of color? The nature of color consists of hue, lightness and purity, which are called three attributes. 1.1 Hue (hue) Hue is the primary feature of color and the most accurate standard to distinguish different colors. In fact, any color other than black, white and gray has the property of hue, and hue is composed of primary color, intermediate color and composite color. Hue, the texture and appearance that color can present. Different hues in nature are infinitely rich, such as purplish red, silver gray and orange yellow. Hue is the appearance title of all kinds of colors. The characteristics of hue depend on the spectral composition of light source and the feeling of human eyes caused by the ratio of radiation of various wavelengths reflected from the surface of colored objects. When measuring color, it can be expressed by hue angle H and main wavelength λd(nm). In the polymer, it is the color feeling corresponding to the main wavelength and the complementary main wavelength expressed according to the XZY series of colors. Generally, compared with the standard color system solution in the molten state, the consistent color standard is called hue number. Because there are many kinds of polymers, there are many standard color systems. The commonly used standard color systems are all prepared according to the methods specified in national standards. 1.2 Brightness (brightness) Brightness refers to the brightness of color. Brightness depends not only on the intensity of the light source, but also on the reflection coefficient of the object surface. The difference of color lightness includes two aspects: first, it refers to the depth change of the same hue, such as light green, medium green and dark green; Second, it refers to the brightness difference of different hues, which is the same as saturation, and the brightness of different hues is different. Among all visual colors, yellow has the highest brightness, while purple and blue-purple have the lowest brightness. The lightness of colored objects is related to the surface structure of the objects. If the surface of the object is rough, its diffuse reflection will reduce the brightness of the color; If the surface of the object is smooth, then the total reflection will make the color brighter. 1.3 Purity (saturation) Purity usually refers to the brightness of colors. From a scientific point of view, the brightness of a color depends on the single degree of light emitted by this hue. The colors with monochromatic light characteristics that can be distinguished by human eyes all have a certain vividness. Different hues not only have different lightness, but also have different purity. In addition, chemical reagents also have the division of purity. Purity is also called color saturation, that is, the ratio of color components to achromatic components (gray) contained in color, which determines the purity and vividness of color. When there are many color components in a certain color, the color will be unsaturated, the color will appear dim and the visual effect will be weakened. The purity of primary colors is the highest, and the more mixed colors, the lower the purity of mixed colors. For example, if the red color with high purity is added with different degrees of gray, its purity will be reduced and the visual effect will be weakened. Among all visual colors, red has the highest purity and blue has the lowest purity. 2, understand the three primary colors 2.1 color stereogram purity After adding gray to bright orange, it becomes brown, and then it becomes gray. The original bright orange gradually becomes dark, and the brightness of the color is called purity. Brightness colors can be divided into light and dark. Therefore, we introduce the concept of lightness and measure the brightness of color with lightness ruler. Suddenly narrowed his eyes, it is easy to distinguish the brightness of bright red, green and other colors. Hue, such as red, blue and Huang Zhi, is called hue. It can be clearly seen from the circumference that which color is in contrast and which color is adjacent. 2.2 How to remember the three attributes With the help of circles and triangles, it will be easier to understand the three attributes. Hue is understood by circles. Just remember the three primary colors red, yellow and blue, and the orange, green and purple in between. The hue presents a fixed relative position, and the three primary colors of red, yellow and blue are arranged in a triangle, with orange, green and purple in between. As for lightness and purity, we should understand the relationship between pure color, bright color, dark color and turbid color through triangle tone diagram. Mastering these, you can match the ideal color. First, put black and white at the vertices of the triangle. Between white and black is gray. There is bright color between solid color and white, and dark color between solid color and black. The middle part is dark. There are seven different shades. 2.3 Hue Mastering Hue Circle through 6 colors can help us understand Hue. The most basic colors are three primary colors, namely red, yellow and blue. Add three colors of orange, green and purple in the meantime, and a 6-division color ring will appear. In the meantime, you can also add 12 hues and 24 hues. At present, you can master 6 colors. In the hue diagram, the relative color is called contrast color, such as the contrast color of red is green. Close colors are called adjacent colors, such as red adjacent colors are purple and orange. Homologous color refers to the color synthesized by mixing white or black in the same hue. The effect of hue The effect of color itself includes warm colors (red, orange, yellow, etc.) that give people a warm and energetic feeling, and cool colors (blue, etc.) that give people a cool and quiet feeling. In addition, controlling the color difference can also change the impression of color. For example, using contrasting colors will make the picture more vivid. Which of the following pictures looks more vivid? The answer is B. A picture, full of green scenery, the color difference is relatively small, only using the color matching of adjacent colors, giving people a quiet and steady impression. And the contrast color red with green is added to the B picture, and the green becomes vigorous, and the whole picture becomes vivid and impressive. Warm colors and cool colors can be roughly divided into cool colors, warm colors and neutral colors. Neutral colors include green and purple. The effect of color difference between warm color, cool color and neutral color distribution chart uses the same color and adjacent color matching, which makes people feel stable and practical. On the contrary, enlarging the color difference and adding contrast color will make the picture effect more prominent. 2.4 Brightness The brightest color in the scale color of lightness is white, and the darkest color is black, with gray in between. From the light gray that is almost white to the dark gray that is almost black, it is the scale of lightness, which we call the gray scale. The effect of lightness The effect of lightness itself means that lightness is light and dark is dignified. Which picture below looks dignified? The answer is B. Because the B diagram increases the brightness difference, it gives people a sense of strength and loses elegance; While figure A reduces the brightness difference, thus showing elegance and high quality. In addition, increasing the brightness difference can achieve a dynamic effect; Reducing the brightness difference will achieve a stable effect. The position of lightness with bright color as the main body is bright and cheerful; With dark color as the main body, it is thick and calm. The size of the brightness difference reduces the brightness difference and shows elegance; Expand the brightness difference and show vitality. 2.5 Purity Purity The purity of bright colors is high, and the purity of turbid colors is low. This measure of color brilliance is called purity. Understanding hue will help us to make better use of purity. Tone is created by the intersection of purity and lightness. If you cut the color stereogram vertically, you can see the fuzzy tone. We don't say whether the tone is high or low, but we should describe it in words such as light and dark. Tone determines the feeling of color matching. Tone can also be understood as the state of color, which refers to the feeling and atmosphere that color gives people, and is the decisive factor affecting the visual effect of color matching, so we must pay full attention to it when matching colors. Even if the hue changes, the colors in the same coordinate in the plane triangle of the color stereogram have the same hue, which gives people the same feeling and is in the same state. (Pictured above) Which product in the following picture can give people a sense of calmness? The answer is B. Because the products in Figure B belong to dark tones, dark tones can give people a sense of stability and calmness; The overall color tone of the products in Figure A is lighter, which makes people feel that the products are children-oriented, giving people a gentle and comfortable feeling. The position of color tone plays a great role in the feeling of color matching. The difference of color tone is small, so it is stable and harmonious, while the difference is big, so it changes. 3. What are the five roles? Just like novels, TV dramas and movies, color matching also pays attention to various roles. Only when the roles of a certain color are put right can the overall picture show a stable feeling. There are five basic roles, and mastering them helps to match the perfect color. 3.1 It is not difficult to see from the literal meaning that the main character is the central color of color matching. Choose other colors based on the main character. Decide the subject to make the whole picture stable. The main character should use the strongest color. If this strong color is consistent with the protagonist, it clearly shows the center and the color is refreshing and stable. The position of the protagonist can be in the center of the picture or in the corner. When an object is strongly colored, it will become the protagonist. Which of the following pictures has a calm and capable color scheme? The correct answer is B. Because the red color in the center of Figure B becomes the main character of the picture, it plays an emphasis role, and the picture becomes bright, calm and capable with a strong main character as the center; The main role in the A picture is yellow, lacking of competent main role, and the picture is sloppy. If the protagonist is colorful and impressive, the smaller the area, the better the effect. In particular, giving the protagonist high-purity colors will stabilize the overall picture. For example, the beverage bottle in Figure A lacks the main role and is not emphasized, which makes people uneasy. The beverage bottle in Figure B uses the main character orange-red, and the overall picture is much more calm. 3.2 Matching roles (highlighting colors) The role of matching roles is to set off the protagonist and make the protagonist more prominent. Contrast colors brighten the main character. When a matching character is added next to the main character, the picture is instantly vivid and full of vitality. That's because the color phase of the matching role is opposite to that of the main role, which plays a very good role in highlighting the main role. The dim contrast color highlights the protagonist's hue according to the hue circle, which makes the protagonist stand out clearly. The smaller the matching role area, the better the effect. It should be noted that if the matching role area is too large or the purity is too high, it will weaken the main role. Proper purity and area will have a good effect. 3.3 Dominant color (background color) Dominant color is the color around the whole picture background. Even if the area of color is very small, it can dominate the overall feeling of the picture. The background color dominates the overall feeling of the picture. Even if the protagonist is the same, if the background color is different, the feeling brought by the picture is different. The looming background color behind the main character actually dominates the whole picture effect. Although the main character is the center of color matching, it is often quite weak in front of the background color. What do the following two pictures give you? In Figure A, the smooth and bright yellow is used as the background color, and the picture has a quiet atmosphere, while in Figure B, the high-purity big red is used as the background color, and the picture is immediately promoted and highlighted. The dominant color determines the feeling of the protagonist. If the protagonist is different and the background color is different, the feeling brought by the picture is not the same. The dark red background color in Figure A is matched with the black color of the product, which gives the picture a sense of strength. In Figure B, the yellow-green background color is matched with the green color of the product, giving people a refreshing feeling. The dominant color in a small area can also achieve the effect. Even if the background color is small, it can become the dominant color as long as it surrounds the main body. No matter how small the area is, it can influence the overall feeling of the picture. Dominance has nothing to do with color strength. Background color has nothing to do with color strength. Dim colors darken the whole picture, while bright colors brighten the whole picture. 3.4 When the main character of the fused color is free from other colors, the homologous color is placed at the free place, which plays the role of fusing the whole. Ease the free colors When we are matching colors, when the strong colors are too intense, or when one of the colors is too prominent, we add the fusion color to play a relaxing role, so that the picture can be stabilized. Which of the following two pictures uses the fusion color? The correct answer is B. The red color of the cone in the center of Figure B echoes the red color of the scattered cherries, blending the whole. However, the color of the cone in Figure A is similar to the background color, which is not eye-catching. The surrounding red is in a free state, and the picture loses its fusion relationship. The effect of blending color is that the same hue nearby can control the main character and blend the whole. 3.5 Emphasize color If you add a small area of strong color to the picture, the picture will be more vivid and vivid. Emphasis color can make the picture vivid. When there is no change in the color scheme of the picture, try adding emphasis color. You will find that the picture after joining is full of vitality. Which of the following two pictures looks more vivid? The correct answer is B. In Figure A, the blue of the camera and the blue of the background are the same color, and the picture has no color change, which is too simple and not eye-catching; In the B picture, the orange of the camera and the blue of the background are contrasting colors, which play an emphasis role, and the whole picture presents a cheerful atmosphere. This difference is the effect of emphasizing color. Emphasize that the stronger the color, the smaller the area, and the better the effect. Strong color matching is a high-purity contrast color, and the better the effect. Summary: When you correctly understand the three attributes of color (hue, lightness and purity), you can freely match the colors. If you want to match the color fresh and clean, you need to master five roles (main role, matching role, dominant color, fusion color and emphasis color). In fact, there are ten roles, but you only need to master the five introduced in this paper. The remaining five roles are connected color, mosaic color, balanced color, added color and high-level color.

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