Started in Navarre
Since 1523, due to disputes over the heir, the title of the Duchy of Bourbon has been vacant, and its assets have temporarily belonged to the French royal family. In 1527, King Francois I of France granted the Duchy of Bourbon and the title of Duke to Charles, Duke of Vend?me. Since then, the Lamarche-Vend?me branch has obtained the Duchy of Bourbon, which was also an important capital for the Bourbon family to win the French throne in the future.
Henry IV, King of France, also known as Enrique III, King of Navarre
Antoine de Bourbon, son of Charles and the 9th Duke of Bourbon, died on October 15, 1548 On March 12, he married Jeanne Dabret, Crown Princess of Navarre. Their eldest son, Henri de Bourbon, inherited the Kingdom of Navarre after his mother's death in 1572 and became King Enrique III of Navarre. Since then, the Bourbon family has taken over the kingdom. Although the territory of Navarre at this time was only a fraction of its heyday, it was enough to become an important base for the Bourbon family to compete for the French throne in the future. When Henri de Bourbon was in Navarre, he followed his mother to embrace the Protestant Huguenots. Because of Henry's status as a French nobleman, he became the leader of the French Huguenots when he succeeded to the throne as King of Navarre. In addition, there were disputes between other branches of the Bourbon family and the Guise family, which dominated French politics and was dominated by Catholic fanatics. As a result, Henry was inevitably involved in the brutal French religious wars. In order to protect himself, Henry converted to Catholicism several times, but privately he still maintained his loyalty to the Huguenots.
The religious war not only caused a large number of French civilian casualties, but also indirectly led to the decline of the Valois-Angoulême family. The three sons of Henry II, the second generation monarch of the Angoulême dynasty, all became kings of France, and among them, Francois II and Charles IX both died young. Their brother Henry III succeeded to the throne, and their youngest brother, Francois, Duke of Alen?on, became crown prince. In 1584, Crown Prince Francois was assassinated. According to the Salic succession, the French throne can only be passed to men in the male line of Hugo Capet, and the Bourbon family is the first family. Henri de Bourbon Pang thus became the legal heir to the French throne and was placed under house arrest in the French court, accepting the protection of the royal family.
Henri de Bourbon's Huguenot background caused dissatisfaction among many French Catholics, making his path to France full of crises. On the other hand, in terms of blood, another branch of the Bourbon family, the Bouset branch, is closer to the ruling Valois-Angoulême family than the Lamarche-Vend?me branch to which Henry belongs. . It's just that the ancestors of the Bouset branch were disqualified from inheriting the throne because their marriage was not approved by King Louis XI of France. But in the end, Henri de Bourbon successfully ascended the throne as King of France after Henry III was assassinated in 1589. The Kingdom of Navarre was also incorporated into France at the same time, and the King of Navarre became one of the many titles of subsequent French kings.
After Henry IV came to the throne, he took the initiative to end the religious wars that had plagued France for many years, allowing France's economy to recover. In 1598, Henry IV promulgated the Edict of Nantes and implemented a policy of religious tolerance, which enabled many craftsmen who believed in Christian Christianity to stay in France and promoted the prosperity of the French economy. However, Henry IV's policy of religious tolerance was terminated with his death. The Spanish Bourbon Dynasty
In 1700, the death of Carlos II, the last male of the Spanish Habsburg royal family, ended the Habsburg family's rule over the Spanish calendar. Carlos II's will passed the throne to his nephew, Philippe, Duke of Anjou, the second grandson of King Louis XIV of France from the Bourbon royal family, rather than his Austrian cousin. Louis XIV then put his second grandson on the Spanish throne, King Felipe V of Spain. His strong stance in defending his grandson's inheritance rights led to the outbreak of the Spanish Succession War in 1702.
The war lasted until 1711. By this time, the Bourbon royal family had established a firm foothold in Spain and expressed its willingness to provide trade preferences and guarantees to British and Dutch merchants, leading to the collapse of the Habsburg coalition. In 1714, the two countries signed a peace treaty. The Austrian Habsburg royal family recognized the Bourbon royal family's entry into Spain, but Philip V and his descendants had to give up their right to inherit the French throne. Since then, the Bourbon royal families of Spain and France have officially separated, which also unveiled the beginning of the Bourbon royal family's intermittent rule over Spain for more than three centuries.
The period of religious tolerance in France during the French Revolution passed away with the death of Henry IV. The subsequent Bourbon monarchs resumed the oppression of Protestants, causing a large number of Huguenot craftsmen to leave France, and the royal family was extravagant in life. , the country used troops year after year, causing the French economy to gradually decline. Along with the economic recession, there are also social conflicts. Factors such as unfair tax system, government corruption, privileges of the Roman Catholic Church and severe land annexation have all increased the instability of French society. The American War of Independence aroused democratic thought and the Enlightenment thought in France, which became the catalyst for the French Revolution.
In 1789, due to the financial problems of the French royal family, French King Louis XVI was forced to reopen the three-level parliament, but his request to increase taxes was rejected, which led to the beginning of an armed struggle between the French bourgeoisie and the royal family. At first, the representatives of the bourgeoisie only changed the country's system from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. However, they were also opposed by the European powers, and then took the opportunity to invade France. At this time, Louis XVI's queen Marie Antoinette was suspected of tipping off information to her natal family in Austria, which aroused great public outrage. The Bourbon dynasty was finally overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris on August 10, 1792. In the end, Louis XVI became the only monarch in French history to be guillotined on January 21, 1793.
After Louis XVI was executed, some royalists claimed that his eldest son, Dauphin Louis Charles, was King Louis XVII of France. But at that time, France was already a republic, and this claim had no practical effect. Louis XVII did not survive the French Revolution and died in prison in 1795 at the age of 10. After that, Louis XVI's younger brother, Louis, Count of Provence, who was exiled in Russia, became the heir to the throne. The unsound government system during the French Revolution created Napoleon, the emperor of the French people. But the hegemony of France and Napoleon could not last long. In 1814, Napoleon fell. With the support of the anti-Napoleon coalition and the upstarts in the Napoleonic army in France, the Count of Provence, who was in exile in England, returned to his country and became King Louis XVIII of France. Under pressure from the army and the bourgeoisie, Louis XVIII was forced to accept a liberal constitution.
But the good times did not last long. Napoleon returned to Paris in March 1815, rebuilt the empire and established a 100-day dynasty. Louis XVIII fled in despair. After the Battle of Waterloo, Louis XVIII was restored to power. And he and his brother Charles X have been committed to maintaining the power of the Royalists in Congress. Some policies during the French Revolution were also abolished by the two because they were considered to be liberal. These actions gradually caused the Bourbon dynasty to lose popular support, which eventually led to the outbreak of the July Revolution in 1830. Charles X's conservative policies finally led to revolution in 1830. In that year, French King Charles X attempted to implement a repressive decree, triggering a rebellion known as the "July Revolution" in history. After the revolution, the French Congress allowed Louis-Philippe III, Duke of Orleans, to inherit the throne as the eighth-generation grandson of Philippe, the second son of King Louis XIII of France, and was officially titled Louis-Philippe, "King of the French." Because he took Bourbon-Orléans as his surname, his July dynasty was also called the Bourbon-Orléans dynasty.
Louis Philippe took a middle-of-the-road approach, but still could not solve the problem of France's continued economic decline. The industrial and agricultural depression of 1846 led to the February Revolution of 1848, forcing him to abdicate. Since then, no member of the Bourbon royal family or its branches has ruled France again, and the French Bourbon dynasty has officially come to an end. On April 14, 1931, after the Spanish Communists won the election, the king abdicated, which marked the end of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain, and the Communists cheered. However, the civil war broke out in 1936. Army Chief of Staff Franco profited from the civil war and established a dictatorship with the support of German and Italian fascists. Compared with Spain's powerful monarchists, the scheming Franco was more like a sophisticated Machiavellian. He compromised step by step. In 1945, he promised to restore the monarchy. In 1947, he promulgated a law that determined that after his death, a member of the royal family confirmed by him would serve as the head of state. After many searches, Franco finally identified Juan Carlos, the grandson of Alfonso XIII and a direct descendant of the Bourbon dynasty, as his heir.
Juan Carlos was born in Rome, Italy on January 5, 1938. He is the son of Juan Carlos, Duke of Barcelona and Prince of Spain. He grew up in Italy and Switzerland, and first set foot in Spain when he was 10 years old.
Juan Carlos went to school with his younger brother Alfonso in San Sebastian. In 1955, he entered the Zaragoza Military Academy, and then entered the Marin Naval Academy and the San Javier Air Force. Attend college. While studying at the Military Academy, a tragedy occurred when Juan Carlos's younger brother died: the brothers were cleaning their guns and preparing to go hunting together. Alfonso's gun accidentally went off, killing Alfonso instantly.
Juan Carlos was commissioned a lieutenant in all three branches of the military. As the future commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he knew the Spanish army well. In addition, he studied Business Economics and Management at the University of Madrid. With his father's consent, he accepted Franco's suggestion and became the dictator's heir. On July 23, 1969, Franco's successor was officially announced.
In May 1962, Juan Carlos married a princess from a European royal family. She was the Greek Princess Sophie. The Spanish called her Sofia according to their own custom. The marriage conformed to the traditional concept, and the wedding ceremony was held in the church. Everyone believed that the prince would be a worthy king of Spain in the future. His appointment by Franco prevented domestic instability.
In November 1975, just days after Franco's death, Juan Carlos was proclaimed King of Spain.
Prince Michel Bourbon of France is also a direct descendant of King Louis XIV. He lives in Paris, France, and visited China in 1997 and 2007
Introduction to the Bourbon family< /p>
The Bourbon family is one of the most culturally rich and powerful families in Europe. Since 1792, the Bourbon family has not played an active role in the French political scene, but has focused its main energy on economic activities. , as a descendant of King Louis XIV, Prince Michel Bourbon devoted himself to managing his family's properties and large amounts of land, as well as owning a large number of vineyards in the manufacture of champagne cognac. In the economic field, the ambitious Prince Michel Bourbon's ideal is to make France's high-level wine manufacturers famous in the world. He believes that China after reform and opening up is full of hope and opportunities.
Louis XIV was the most outstanding emperor of the French Bourbon dynasty. His reign was the most prosperous and glorious era among the four prestigious eras in European history. He not only opened up the world with great momentum, but also He brought the palace art into full play, especially the artistic and elegant lifestyle he created, which influenced the upper class society in Europe for more than 200 years. It has led the essence of royal aesthetics forever. The magnificent Palace of Versailles, the magnificent Palace Ballet; poetry, literature, and music were all achieved under his leadership. The civility, courtesy and social spirit he advocated became a model for later generations.
Prince Mitchell Bourbon is a direct descendant of Louis XIV and a cousin of the current King of Spain. It is jointly owned by the French royal family and the Spanish royal family and protected by the two governments. prince. Prince Michel Bourbon is not only the leader of the most authoritative Cognac Association in France with 3,500 members, but he is also the only prince in the world who uses high-quality grapes grown in the royal fief to produce top-quality wine in the royal winery. .
The Prince of Bourbon trademark is a guarantee of quality. Prince of Bourbon wine is the crystallization of the glorious achievements of the Bourbon royal family for thousands of years. It embodies the excellent culture of France and is a wine dedicated to those with the most discerning taste and elegant temperament. .
High-grade wine is an important part of French food culture. Prince Mitchell Bourbon is the leader of the French Cognac Association and has been committed to promoting French wine culture to the world. Mitchell Bourbon Prince represents friendship, communication and sharing as a symbol of identity and a guarantee of quality.