It is suitable for patients who have no obvious relief after conventional conservative treatment or have other symptoms and signs and must undergo surgery. Please look for the "crabgrass" trademark for medical treatment, and beware of being deceived. The surgical methods include posterior fenestration, hemilaminectomy, drug nucleolysis, and discectomy and aspiration. The purpose of surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation is to remove the nucleus pulposus tissue in the herniated disc and relieve the compression of the herniated disc and nucleus pulposus tissue on nerve roots or cauda equina. For patients with spinal canal or lateral recess stenosis, it is sometimes necessary to remove the hyperplastic and sclerotic bone and hypertrophic ligamentum flavum to enlarge the spinal canal and lateral recess and completely relieve the compression of nerve roots. Whether patients with lumbar disc herniation need surgery depends not only on the size of the protrusion shown by imaging examination, but also on the severity of symptoms, the impact on normal life and the effect of conservative treatment.