Chaozhou Embroidery, Chaozhou Embroidery (Chaozhou Embroidery) and Guangxiu Embroidery (Guangxiu Embroidery), collectively known as Guangdong Embroidery, are one of the four famous embroideries in China, which originated in Chaoshan area today. Chaozhou embroidery began in the Tang Dynasty, formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and spread in China and Southeast Asia.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Guangdong embroidery (including Guangdong embroidery and Chaozhou embroidery) and Sichuan embroidery have enjoyed a high artistic level and great influence, so they are called the four famous embroideries in China.
Chaozhou embroidery pays attention to composition, and its varieties can be roughly divided into three types: daily necessities, appreciation products and costumes. The forms are velvet embroidery, yarn embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery and bead embroidery. There are more than 60 kinds, such as "crossing the bridge", "hanging dry", "crossing the root", "two-needle lock", "three-needle lock" and "starting from three mountains", as well as "only hitting", "melting needles", "disorderly needles" and "point embroidery".
Guangdong embroidery has a long history, which is mainly divided into Chao embroidery and Guang embroidery. Chaozhou embroidery belongs to Guangdong embroidery. Chaozhou embroidery was selected into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in 2006, and the project number is VII-20.
Historical origin
Chaozhou embroidery has a long history, which originated and is popular in Chaoshan area today. Chaozhou embroidery began in the Tang Dynasty, formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and spread in China and Southeast Asia. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, embroidery villages and workshops were also widely established in Chaozhou and other places, and Guangdong embroidery showed a thriving scene.
During the Qianlong period, there were more than 20 kinds of embroidery in Tianditan, Bushu Street and Kaiyuan Temple outside the west gate of Chaozhou. Embroideries are exported to Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia, occupying the Nanyang market, especially the temples with strong local characteristics, and the embroidery furnished by Buddhist temples is in short supply.
It can be seen that Chaozhou embroidery was exported on a large scale in the Qing Dynasty, which had a great influence on foreign markets. In the "Art in China" written by British artist Bosier in the19th century, he wrote: "China people are good at embroidering birds, especially Cantonese people are good at this skill ..." Chaozhou embroidery was introduced to Europe, which shows that China Chaozhou embroidery also had a great influence in Europe at that time.
Chaozhou Embroidery belongs to Guangdong Embroidery. Chaozhou Embroidery (Chaozhou Embroidery) and Guangdong Embroidery (Guangdong Embroidery) are collectively called Guangdong Embroidery, which is one of the four famous embroideries in China. Chaozhou embroidery began in the Tang Dynasty, formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and spread in China and Southeast Asia. According to the embroidery process, it can be divided into four categories: velvet embroidery, thread embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery and golden velvet mixed embroidery. The specific methods are divided into five categories: embroidery, padding, fitting, splicing and sewing, with more than 200 kinds of stitches. Embroidery is used in clothing, props, temple decoration, etc. It is well-known at home and abroad for its exquisite embroidery skills.
The late Qing Dynasty Chaozhou embroidery work "Su Wu Mu Yang" won the grand prize in the National Craft Competition held in Nanjing. At that time, the whole city of Chaozhou beat gongs and drums and set off firecrackers to congratulate. Embroiderers were called "embroidery champions".
Chaozhou Embroidery participated in the first Nanyang Persuasion Meeting held in Nanjing, and won prizes, including Su Wu Shepherd, Feng Dan Chaoyang, Guo Ziyi Birthday, Lion Head and so on. All these Chaozhou embroideries are embroidered by 24 male embroiderers, who are called "embroidery champions".
Chaozhou embroidery reached its peak in the 1960s and 1970s. Embroiderers were widely distributed in towns and rural areas, with more than 654.38+million employees and an output value of over 654.38+billion yuan. Almost "every family has an embroidery frame and every household has an embroidered mother".